北大地空学院

百年地质人才的涌出,为中国今天从地质大国向地质强国的迈进,打下了坚实的基础,而教育又是人才培养的基础平台。章鸿钊、丁文江、翁文灏、王烈、何杰、乐森、王嘉荫、谢家荣、杨钟健、孙云铸、张文佑、王仁、何作霖、马杏垣、高之狄、潘钟祥、侯仁之、郭文魁、涂光炽、刘东升、王鸿祯、董申保……     

地震日常分析会商数据库管理软件

介绍了地震日常分析会商数据库管理软件研制的思路.该软件构建了最优的数据库表结构和Excel模板,实现了会商登记卡、震情监视报告、首都圈地区震情短临跟踪动态等信息的浏览、新添、删除、修改、保存、打印,具有首都圈地区各学科异常频次自动统计、绘图等功能.     

《湖泊科学》投稿指南

《湖泊科学》是中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所和中国海洋湖沼学会主办的综合性学术期刊,主要报道反映湖泊(含水库)及其流域在人与自然相互作用下资源、生态、环境变化的最新研究成果,刊载与湖泊科学有关的各学科(如物理学、化学、生物学、生态学、地质学、地理学等)以及湖泊工程、流域综合管理的理论性或应用性研究论文、简报和综述,《湖泊科学》目前为双月刊,每1、3、5、7、9、11月6日由科学出版社出版.     

苗族水鼓舞

苗族水鼓节现在仅存于贵州省剑河县革东镇大稿午村。水鼓舞是一种以祭祀祖先、祈求风调雨顺、村寨平安的水、鼓、舞相结合的民族民间舞蹈。村民在水中狂欢、跳跃、嬉戏、打闹,活泼生动、情趣盎然,充分展现了苗族人民开朗、乐观、积极向上的精神风貌和对美好幸福生活的追求与渴望,极具生命张力。     

地陷依然“步步惊心”

正仿佛真应了好莱坞灾难大片《2012》的预言,2012年,长沙、北京、上海、西安、杭州、合肥、鞍山、广州、沈阳、哈尔滨、南京等地频繁发生地陷现象,让人们有一种世界末日的恐慌。如今2012已经过去,虽然世界并没有末日,但是地陷危机依然令人"步     

《华北地震科学》征稿简则

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《湖泊科学》投稿指南

《湖泊科学》是中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所和中国海洋湖沼学会主办的综合性学术期刊,主要报道反映湖？白（含水库）及其流域在人与自然相互作用下资源、生态、环境变化的最新研究成果,刊载与湖泊科学有关的各学科（如物理学、化学、生物学、生态学、地质学、地理学等）以及湖泊工程、流域综合管理的理论性或应用性研究论文、简报和综述．《湖泊科学》目前为双月刊,每1、3、5、7、9、11月6日由科学出版社出版．     

《湖泊科学》投稿指南

《湖泊科学》是中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所和中国海洋湖沼学会主办的综合性学术期刊,主要报道反映湖泊(含水库)及其流域在人与自然相互作用下资源、生态、环境变化的最新研究成果,刊载与湖泊科学有关的各学科(如物理学、化学、生物学、生态学、地质学、地理学等)以及湖泊工程、流域综合管理的理论性或应用性研究论文、简报和综述.《湖泊科学》目前为双月刊,每1、3、5、7、9、11月6日由科学出版社出版.     

地震属性技术的研究和应用

地震属性的研究大致从上个世纪60年代开始,经历了几个阶段的发展后得到了广泛的应用.由于地震属性的解释可获得许多有关地层、断层、裂缝、岩性和相的变化的重要特征信息,我们结合地震属性特征参数的意义,从实际应用出发,把地震属性分为了振幅、频（能）谱、相位、复地震道、层序、相关六大类,并根据在地层、断裂、岩性等方面的实际应用进行了详细描述,讨论了属性分析技术原理中应注意的几个环节.最后通过对断裂、河道、火成岩、古潜山等几个实例的详细描述,证明了相干、阻抗、振幅等地震属性的应用效果,说明了地震属性在实际应用中的作用.     

太湖流域池塘养殖污染排放估算及其空间分布特征

池塘养殖是农业源污染的重要来源之一,尤其在水网密布、渔业发达的太湖流域,控制池塘养殖过程中氮、磷、化学需氧量等污染物的排放,对于减轻水体富营养化程度、恢复水质健康、维持地区社会经济可持续发展具有重要意义.基于野外采样、入户调查、遥感解译等多种手段,结合GIS软件技术,对太湖流域池塘养殖污染物的排放进行了估算.结果表明,20142015年太湖流域总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、总磷、可溶性磷、COD Cr的年排放量分别为6.1×10^6、1.1×10^6、1.7×10^6、1.3×10^5、1.1×10^5和8.0×10^7 kg.其中鱼类池塘养殖排放系数分别为69.5、12.4、20.1、1.6、1.3和919.8 kg/hm 2;虾类池塘排放系数分别为3.0、0.5、0.9、0.07、0.06和39.3 kg/hm^2;蟹类池塘排放系数分别为6.4、1.2、1.9、0.2、0.1和84.9 kg/hm^2.太湖流域池塘养殖各类污染物排放分布特征为位于太湖西北部、南部和东北部的大部分地区池塘养殖污染物排放较高,位于太湖东部和太湖西南部的池塘养殖污染物排放较低.池塘养殖业发达、饲料肥料投入高、养殖密度大等是造成该流域池塘养殖污染物排放较高的主要原因.针对太湖流域池塘养殖减排治理,建议推行合理的池塘污染治理管理政策与策略,综合考虑饲料利用率与投放量、养殖面积、养殖密度、养殖生物生态混养,以及一些科学养殖管理措施和净化养殖废水的技术措施等.     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.