多频可控源电磁法三维有理函数Krylov子空间模型降阶正演算法研究

本文采用有理函数Krylov子空间模型降阶算法实现了同时求解多频可控源电磁法三维正演响应的快速计算.首先采用基于Yee氏交错网格的拟态有限体积法实现控制方程的空间离散,将任意频率的电场响应表示为关于频率参数的传递函数.采用有理函数Krylov子空间算法求解该传递函数.针对构建m维有理函数Krylov子空间需要求解m次（几十到上百）关于有理函数极点和离散控制方程系数矩阵的线性方程组的问题,本文提出采用单个重复极点的有理函数Krylov子空间模型降阶算法,结合直接法求解器PARDISO,采用Gram-Schmidt方法,只需要1次系数矩阵分解和m次矩阵回代即可实现有理函数Krylov子空间的构建,极大地减少了计算量.针对最优化有理函数极点选取问题,本文根据传递函数的有理函数Krylov子空间投影算法的误差分析理论,引入关于单个重复极点的收敛率函数,通过求解有理函数的最大收敛率直接给出最优化的单个重复极点公式.最终实现了不同发射频率的可控源电磁法三维正演响应的快速计算.分别计算了典型层状模型多发射频率的CSAMT和海洋CSEM的正演响应,通过与解析解的对比验证了本文算法在多发射频率正演的计算精度和计算效率;并通过一个三维海洋CSEM勘探设计最优化发射频率和接收区域选取的例子进一步说明本文算法的优点.     

速度传感反馈地震计的动态范围上限

在开环参数一定的条件下,速度传感反馈地震计中的环路滤波是影响地震计主要技术指标的关键环节之一.本文探讨了一阶极点高通、一阶极点低通、一阶零点高通、双一阶和零阶环路滤波在扩展地震计动态范围上限方面的优缺点.研究指出,对于用闭环反馈直接生成主导二阶极点的速度传感反馈地震计,一阶零点高通环路滤波的优点较多;若允许在环外生成主导二阶极点,则零阶环路滤波也不失为一个较好的方案.     

人工神经元网络方法对首都圈地区潜在震源区的划分

指标选取是人工神经元网络方法应用中最基础，最重要的五环，是判别工作成败的关键。但目前尚没有比较成熟的指标选取或指标显著性评价方法。因此，指标问题入往成了方法效果进一步提高的“瓶颈”问题。该问题在潜在震源区划分应用中也同样存在。     

场地地震反应分析中侧向人工边界距离选取及影响因素分析

结合均匀场地模型和分层均匀场地模型,采用数值试验的方法研究了场地地震反应分析中侧向人工边界距离的选取问题。分析了各主要因素对人工边界距离选取的影响,得到了如下结论:单侧人工边界距离与土层深度之比L/h是影响人工边界距离选取的主要参数;随着侧向人工边界距离的增加,有限元模型的计算误差并不一直减小,在局部范围内,会出现计算误差随着边界距离的增加而增大的现象;场地硬度、阻尼比和激振频率等因素不会影响计算误差随边界距离的变化规律,但采用自由场边界时受输入地震动频谱特性的影响较为明显;对水平激振下的一维场地模型来说,采用结合自由度边界时所需边界距离最短,自由场边界次之,采用粘性边界达到收敛时所需边界距离最长;无论哪种边界条件,当边界距离大于某一范围后,都能得到稳定的计算结果;相对于均质场地模型来说,实际的分层均匀场地建模时可适当减小侧向人工边界距离。     

在SeisDps实时系统中用零点、极点计算ML的过程

在SeisDps地震处理软件的实时系统中,不是用系统的幅频特性计算震级ML,而是利用台站的零点、极点和增益,将记录的数字地震波形仿真成伍德-安德森地震仪记录的波形,计算具有3 大优点的ML震级,本文主要介绍用零点、极点和增益计算ML的过程。     

VTI地层井孔模式波理论频散计算时伪极点的影响

波的频散特征在声波测井中有着十分关键的作用.VTI地层下井孔模式波的理论频散曲线可根据频散方程求解.本文首先采用常用的耦合位移势函数对应的频散方程进行了VTI地层斯通利波理论频散曲线的求解.结果发现,在一定各向异性强度范围内,会得到两种计算结果:一条常规斯通利波频散曲线和一条非频散曲线.这是频散矩阵行列式在该模型下存在两个零点导致的.进一步采用一种对称形式的位移势函数推导的对称频散矩阵时分析发现,非频散曲线对应的零点k~2-q~2_p=0为频率—波数响应函数的一个伪极点.经分析,在横波速度范围内,满足伪极点存在的Thomsen参数γ有一定范围,通常在弱各向异性地层中存在.且满足伪极点存在的Thomsen参数γ范围与地层泊松比成负相关,泊松比越小,满足伪极点存在的γ范围越大.在计算理论频散曲线时应消除k~2-q■这一公因式的影响,避免得到错误的计算结果,进而影响各向异性反演等计算结果.     

南极中山站电离层漂移特性及其对行星际磁场的响应

利用南极中山站数字式电离层测高仪在１９９５年的观测数据和ＩＭＰ８卫星观测的行星际磁场数据进行分析,揭示了南极极隙区纬度的电离层漂移的主要特征：电离层漂移主要是水平方向的运动,并且具有大体一致的日变化模式,在当地时间正午附近存在着指向极点的漂移运动,在晚上时间存在着离开极点的漂移运动,显示出在极区存在着逆阳对流;行星际磁场的平径向分量Ｂｙ在影响极隙区纬度电离层漂移运动方面起着主寻作用。当Ｂｙ＜０时,指向极点的漂移运动入口处大约在ＣＧＬＴ的７：００一８：００之间,并且在ＣＧＬＴ的０点左右的漂移运动方向偏西;当Ｂｙ＞０时,指向极点的漂移运动人口处大约在ＣＧＬＴ的９：００－１０：００之间,并且在ＣＧＬＴ的０点左右的漂移运动方向偏东;南半球的等离子体对流图形大体上与北半球成镜面对称关系．     

v-SVC算法在地震与爆破识别及窗长度选取中的应用

对天然地震与人工爆破的波形记录,本文用v—SVC支持向量分类机对由波形记录获取的香农熵特征进行了分类识别,效果较好;并对波形记录选取不同的信号窗长度,用v—SVC支持向量分类机分别进行了识别检验。结果表明:窗长度对识别效果有影响,以窗长度为2000点的识别效果最好,识别率达98%。这也表明,在地震与爆破的识别中,合理地选取波形记录的信号窗长度也是重要的。     

地球的密度扁率与纬向正常密度假说

给出了水准椭球的“纬向密度”和“密度扁率”的定义,推导出极点重力与赤道重力的纬向密度积分公式．按照水准椭球的极点重力条件和赤道重力条件,求解出水准椭球的“纬向密度分布函数”,从数学上证明了地球的赤道纬向密度大于极点纬向密度,并初步计算出地球的密度扁率为１／３２２,进而提出了“地球纬向正常密度假说”,为研究和探讨大陆漂移、地幔对流、海底扩张等问题的地球重力学成因做好了理论准备．     

周期激励下基于延迟传递率函数的结构模态识别方法

针对传递率函数运行模态分析方法易受环境激励中周期性分量影响，难以准确辨识结构真实模态参数的问题，推导了周期性激励对传递率函数模态参数识别的影响。在此基础上，提出了一种延迟传递率函数的构造方法，运用延迟传递率函数对周期性虚假极点进行辨识，并结合常规传递率函数识别的系统极点，实现了结构真实模态参数的有效识别。借助四自由度系统和某泵站厂房结构算例对所提出的方法进行了验证，结果表明，该方法在激励中包含周期性成分的情况下，能够准确地辨识结构模态参数，具有较为广阔的工程应用前景。     

Modeling of environmental influence in structural health assessment for reinforced concrete buildings

One branch of structural health monitoring (SHM) utilizes dynamic response measurements to assess the structural integrity of civil infrastructures. In particular,modal frequency is a widely adopted indicator for structural damage since its square is proportional to structural stiffness. However,it has been demonstrated in various SHM projects that this indicator is substantially affected by fluctuating environmental conditions. In order to provide reliable and consistent information on the health status of the monitored structures,it is necessary to develop a method to filter this interference. This study attempts to model and quantify the environmental influence on the modal frequencies of reinforced concrete buildings. Daily structural response measurements of a twenty-two story reinforced concrete building were collected and analyzed over a one-year period. The Bayesian spectral density approach was utilized to identify the modal frequencies of this building and it was clearly seen that the temperature and humidity fluctuation induced notable variations. A mathematical model was developed to quantify the environmental effects and model complexity was taken into consideration. Based on a Timoshenko beam model,the full model class was constructed and other reduced-order model class candidates were obtained. Then,the Bayesian modal class selection approach was employed to select the one with the most suitable complexity. The proposed model successfully characterizes the environmental influence on the modal frequencies. Furthermore,the estimated uncertainty of the model parameters allows for assessment of the reliability of the prediction. This study not only improves the understanding about the monitored structure,but also establishes a systematic approach for reliable health assessment of reinforced concrete buildings.     

Output-only identification of the modal and physical properties of structures using free vibration response

The viability of a complete structural characterization of civil structures is explored and discussed. In particular, the identification of modal (i.e. natural frequencies, damping ratios and modal shapes) and physical properties (i.e. mass and stiffness) using only the structure’s free decay response is studied. To accomplish this, modal analysis from free vibration response only (MAFVRO) and mass modification (MM) methodologies are engaged along with Wavelet based techniques for optimal signal processing and modal reconstruction. The methodologies are evaluated using simulated and experimental data. The simulated data are extracted from a simple elastic model of a 5 story shear building and from a more realistic nonlinear model of a RC frame structure. The experimental data are gathered from shake table test of a 2-story scaled shear building. Guidelines for the reconstruction procedure from the data are proposed as the quality of the identified properties is shown to be governed by adequate selection of the frequency bands and optimal modal shape reconstruction. Moreover, in cases where the structure has undergone damage, the proposed identification scheme can also be applied for preliminary assessment of structural health.     

Application of subspace identification technique to long‐term seismic response monitoring of structures

This paper addresses the issue of structural system identification using earthquake‐induced structural response. The proposed methodology is based on the subspace identification algorithm to perform identification of structural dynamic characteristics using input–output seismic response data. Incorporated with subspace identification algorithm, a scheme to remove spurious modes is also used to identify real system poles. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown by the analysis of all measurement data from all measurement directly. The recorded seismic response data of three structures (one 7‐story RC building, one midisolation building, and one isolated bridge), under Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program, are analyzed during the past 15 years. The results present the variation of the identified fundamental modal frequencies and damping ratios from all the recorded seismic events that these three structures had encountered during their service life. Seismic assessment of the structures from the identified system dynamic characteristics during the period of their service is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modal model identification of structures under unmeasured seismic excitations

Techniques developed for structural identification of a structural model are typically based on information regarding the response and the forcing actions. However, in some situations it can be necessary, or simply useful, to refer only to the measured responses. In this paper we describe a technique suitable for identifying the modal model of a spatial frame in the frequency domain when the seismic input is unknown both in time contents and direction. In some previous theoretical works we established that this identification problem has a unique solution when at least three time‐history responses are known. Here numerical techniques are developed which allow the evaluation of the modal quantities in practice. Numerical applications are carried out on plane and spatial framed structures by using a modal model which may be complete, including all the structure's modes, or incomplete, including only the lowest modes. In most cases the obtained results are satisfactory. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A method for stochastic seismic response analysis of non-classically damped structures

A method to calculate the stationary random response of a non-classically damped structure is proposed that features clearly-defined physical meaning and simple expression. The method is developed in the frequency domain, The expression of the proposed method consists of three terms, i.e., modal velocity response, modal displacement response, and coupled (between modal velocity and modal displacement response), Numerical results from the parametric study and three example structures reveal that the modal velocity response term and the coupled term are important to structural response estimates only for a dynamic system with a tuned mass damper. In typical cases, the modal displacement term can provide response estimates with satisfactory accuracy by itself, so that the modal velocity term and coupled term may be ignored without loss of accuracy, This is used to simplify the response computation of non-classically damped structures. For the white noise excitation, three modal correlation coefficients in closed form are derived. To consider the modal velocity response term and the coupled term, a simplified approximation based on white noise excitation is developed for the case when the modal velocity response is important to the structural responses. Numerical results show that the approximate expression based on white noise excitation can provide structural responses with satisfactory accuracy~     

基于复阻尼理论的混合结构Rayleigh阻尼模型

混合结构的阻尼矩阵不满足经典阻尼条件,导致传统的模态叠加法无法适用。复阻尼理论无法适用于时域计算,其自由振动响应中存在发散现象。针对混合结构的阻尼矩阵非比例性和复阻尼理论的时域发散性,基于频域等效原则构建了求解Rayleigh阻尼系数的数学优化模型,进而得到与复阻尼理论等效的Rayleigh阻尼运动方程。算例分析表明:依据位移时程响应和结构等效阻尼比可证明Rayleigh阻尼运动方程的正确性。基于本文研究成果,等效复阻尼理论的混合结构Rayleigh阻尼运动方程可直接采用模态叠加法,结合其确定的结构等效阻尼比,为混合结构的振型分解反应谱法提供理论依据。     

Evolution of modal characteristics of a mid-rise cold-formed steel building during construction and earthquake testing

Vibration-based structural identification is an essential technique for assessing structural conditions by inferring information from the dynamic characteristics of structures. However, the robustness of such techniques in monitoring the progressive damage of real structures has been validated with only a handful of research efforts, largely due to the paucity of monitoring data recorded from damaged structures. In a recent experimental program, a mid-rise cold-formed steel building was constructed at full scale atop a large shake table and subsequently subjected to a unique multi-hazard scenario including earthquake, post-earthquake fire, and finally post-fire earthquake loading. Complementing the simulated hazard events, low-amplitude vibration tests, including ambient vibrations and white noise base excitation tests, were conducted throughout the construction and the test phases. Using the vibration data collected during the multi-hazard test program, this paper focuses on understanding the modal characteristics of the cold-formed steel building in correlation with the construction and the structural damage progressively induced by the simulated hazard events. The modal parameters of the building (i.e., natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes) are estimated using two input–output and two output-only time-domain system identification techniques. Agreement between the evolution of modal parameters and the observations of the progression of physical damage demonstrates the effectiveness of the vibration-based system identification techniques for structural condition monitoring and damage assessment.     

基于自然激励技术和FT时移特性的模态阻尼比识别方法

基于环境激励下结构动力响应信号分析与处理识别结构的模态参数,是结构健康监测和损伤诊断的一个重要环节,目前为止,要得到较为可靠的识别结果仍有一定困难,尤其是模态阻尼比。基于自然激励技术和傅里叶变换的时移特性,提出了一种新的结构模态阻尼比估算方法,通过理论推导和仿真算例验证了该方法的可行性,进而利用一刚构-连续组合梁桥在环境激励下的动力测试数据,通过该方法对其阻尼比进行了识别,并将识别结果与数据驱动随机子空间法的识别结果进行了对比。结果表明:提出的方法可以减轻噪声影响,得到可接受的识别结果,可为大型工程结构阻尼比的识别提供一个方便和有效的途径。     

Damage detection of a thin plate using modal curvature via macrostrain measurement

Plate structures are employed as important structural components in many engineering applications. Hence, assessing the structural conditions of in-service plate structures is critical to monitoring global structural health. Modal curvature-based damage detection techniques have recently garnered considerable attention from the research community, and have become a promising vibration-based structural health monitoring solution. However, computing errors arise when calculating modal curvatures from lateral mode shapes, which result from unavoidable measurement errors in the mode shapes as identified from lateral vibration signals; this makes curvature-based algorithms that use a lateral measurement only theoretically feasible, but practically infeasible. Therefore, in this study, long-gauge fiber Bragg grating strain sensors are employed to obtain a modal curvature without a numerical differentiation procedure in order to circumvent the computing errors. Several damage indices based on modal curvatures that were developed to locate beam damage are employed. Both numerical and experimental studies are performed to validate the proposed approach. However, although previous studies have reported relative success with the application of these damage indices on a simple beam, only one damage index demonstrated the capability to locate damage when the stiffness of the local region changed near the sensor.     

混凝土框架模型结构参数的识别

框架结构是常见的建筑结构形式,也是结构损伤诊断的主要研究对象之一。本文以钢筋混凝土框架结构模型的振动测试数据为基础,采用灵敏度分析方法,对结构的物理参数进行识别。有限元分析中,考虑框架结构的节点转动,采用静凝聚方法得到结构刚度矩阵。参数识别结果表明,对于不同的固有频率和振型的测试信息组合所识别的物理参数有所不同。根据已知的概率分布,利用MonteCarlo方法,将模态参数的不确定性传递给物理参数,得到了物理参数的不确定性。