张北地震区壳幔边界复杂性特征及其构造意义

利用地震波复杂性系数和频谱分析方法，处理了穿过张北地震区的一条地震测深剖面的PmP波形资料，获得了该震区以及相邻区域的壳幔边界复杂性特征. 结果表明，震中区的下方为壳幔边界复杂性的差异部位，北侧为复杂性系数小的内蒙地轴，南侧为复杂性系数大的怀安盆地. 频谱分析表明，在震区的两侧有不同的谱形态. 该震区中新生代以来有过多期岩浆活动并且地表有火山口. 从张北地震区的中上地壳速度成像可以看出，火山口周围壳内有低速体分布，并且有向地壳深部延伸的低速带. 推测壳幔边界复杂性的差异带可能是中新生代深部岩浆活动和上侵的边沿地带，南侧复杂性系数大的区域为深部岩浆活动区，北侧复杂性系数小的区域为壳幔构造稳定区.壳幔边界复杂性的差异为强震的孕育提供了深部环境.      

北京西北地区壳幔结构的非均匀性特征与地震活动

利用在北京西北部地区穿过张家口——渤海地震带北西段地震测深剖面进行了综合解释和研究, 揭示了延庆——怀来、 张北——尚义地震活动区异常的深浅地壳结构特征. 结果表明: 研究区基底结构具有明显的起伏变化, 不同的地质构造单元基底埋深存在着较大差异. 基底埋深在局部地段呈现出的急剧变化可视其为基底断裂存在的一种标志, 基底断裂与地壳深断裂的存在为岩浆的上溢提供了条件, 从而导致了地壳结构强烈的非均匀性. 延怀地区壳内复杂反射波组序列和局部强弱不连续反射带现象的出现, 表明该地区地壳结构发生了强烈的挤压变形, 从而构成了该地区复杂的地壳结构, 为该地区地震的发生提供了动力来源; 张北——尚义地区壳内不同深度范围低速异常体和局部的C1界面的存在, 可以认为是岩浆多期活动的产物, 在区域构造活动的作用下脆性的上地壳内, 当局部应力积聚到一定的程度从而引发了地震的发生.      

Study of crust-mantle transitional zone along the northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau

Introduction At the juncture of Qinghai-Xizang, Ordos and Alxa blocks lies the Qinghai-Xizang plateau, an area with complicated topographic and morphologic features, strong tectonic activities and frequent earthquakes (many large-magnitude earthquakes have taken place), has become a focal area for geoscience study. Many geophysical and geological surveys have been carried out in and around the area, such as deep seismic sounding (DSS), gravimetry, magnetotelluric sounding, magnetic anomaly …     

张北—尚义地震区的壳幔构造

通过对河北张家口地区的深地震测深宽角反射／折射剖面资料的研究表明：近东西向的张北—崇礼地壳断裂带与北西西向的张家口—渤海地壳深断裂带在张北６２级地震区交汇。在这里延伸至莫霍面的地壳深断裂带和壳内界面的不连续处是汉诺坝大面积玄武岩溢出的通道。震区中上地壳内的局部速度逆转和下地壳内异常的低速带预示着岩浆活动仍较强烈。张家口—渤海地壳深断裂带近期活动可能是张北地震发生的主要因素     

The Crust-Mantle Structure in Zhangbei-Shangyi Earthquake Area

The seismic data obtained from the wide angle reflection and refraction profiles that pass through Zhangjiakou area of Hebei Province were interpreted. Some conclusions drawn from the result are as follows: (1) The nearly EW-trending Zhangbei-Chongli crustal fault zone and WNW-trending Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea deep crustal fault zone meet in the Zhangbei earthquake (Ms = 6.2) area; (2) At the intersection, the two deep crustal fault zones that stretch to the Moho and the discontinuities of interfaces within the crust form the path for large area basalt eruption in Hannuoba; (3) In the earthquake area, the local velocity reversal in the middle-upper crust and abnormal low velocity zone in the lower crust imply that the magmatic activity there is still fairly violent; and (4) The recent activity of Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea deep crustal fault zone may be the main cause of the Zhangbei earthquake.     

Study on Crustal Structure in Haiyuan Strong Earthquake Region

INTRODUCTIONXIJI－Halyuan－Zhon驯el region Is a well－known eaythquake－prone one In China．From 876 to1989,IOrty－five earthquakes with M。34．7 occurred In and around the。glon(Ma Xingyuan,et al,1989)．Seismic activity In this area Is evidently cha。cterized by large matlnltude and high frequency．The 1920 Haiyuan earthquake(M＝8．5)happened nght In this region,which caused a seriousdisaster and had a wide－ranging effect seldom seen worldwide．For the years,lots of…     

利用区域双差层析成像方法研究川滇南部地壳结构特征

本文联合使用云南、四川和贵州地震台网的85个地震台站在2008年1月—2017年12月期间记录的49130个地震、317366个初至Pg震相绝对到时数据和2674110条高精度的相对到时数据,采用区域双差地震层析成像方法联合反演了川滇南部地壳三维P波速度结构和39621个地震的震源参数,探究了川滇南部中下地壳流和腾冲火山区岩浆囊的分布特征.研究结果表明：（1）川滇南部上地壳的速度异常特征与地表地形密切相关;（2）小江断裂带的中下地壳存在一条绵延近二百多公里的低速异常结构,最南端受到红河断裂带的阻挡而终止于断裂带南段北侧,这可能是川滇南部的一条中下地壳流,低速异常结构在红河断裂带南段转而向南东流动反映了红河断裂带可能为川滇菱形块体的西南边界;（3）红河断裂带各段速度异常存在明显的差异,重定位后的震源分布显示红河断裂带中段和南段虽然不如北段地震活动强烈,但地震震源深度分布较北段深;（4）腾冲火山区西侧和北侧下方10~20 km深度范围内存在的低速异常体推测为通过怒江断裂带形成的岩浆通道从中地壳涌入上地壳的岩浆囊,可能反映了自更新世延续至今的以橄榄玄武岩和安山岩为主要岩性的壳内岩浆活动,持续的岩浆活动为地表热活动提供了主要动力.     

青藏高原东北缘壳幔过渡带研究

利用穿过青藏高原东北缘的两条地震测深剖面提供的PMP波形资料，研究了该区不同构造单元壳幔过渡带的复杂性、频谱特征和速度模型．结果表明, 鄂尔多斯盆地和陵中盆地Moho具有稳定的构造特征，壳幔耦合为简单的一级间断面；海原地震区和巴颜喀拉地块与柴达木地块结合带莫霍面具有明显的活动迹象，壳幔耦合为复杂的高、低速相间的多层壳幔过渡带，总厚度达到20多千米．不同构造单元的莫霍面差异性反映了研究区壳幔耦合层的非均匀特征；海原地震区和玛沁断裂壳幔过渡带的细结构差异, 则反映了两个陆 陆碰撞带不同的深部物质结构与地块之间的相互作用结果．      

The heterogeneous characteristics of crust-mantle structures and the seismic activities in the northwest Beijing region

Introduction Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismic zone is a major active seismic zone that passes through the north-ern part of North China. Zhangjiakou-Beijing area, the northwest part of North China, is located at the intersection position of Yanshan, Taihangshan uplift, and Shanxi down-faulted zone, and the geological structures in this area are extremely complicated. Many researchers in the geoscience circle always pay close attention to this region because Yanqing-Huailai region is located in th…     

浙皖地区地壳-上地幔结构和华南与扬子块体边界

基于屯溪－温州剖面宽角反射地震资料,拟合反演了地壳浅层和深部结构,并利用非纵剖面记录构制了上幔顶部结构图象。结果表明,江绍断裂带是本区最明显的构造分界,其西北一侧的扬子块体和东南侧的华南块体地壳和上地幔顶部结构以及地球物理特征明显不同。金（华）衢（州）盆地下方地幔上隆,上地幔岩石层中有低速体,可能是一个复杂的岩浆房构造。地幔岩石层呈现出由ＳＥ至ＮＷ向仰冲的叠瓦式片状构造,提示该区明显受水剂压应力控制。     

Seismological study on the crustal structure of Tengchong volcanic-geothermal area

Introduction The Tengchong volcanic-geothermal area is located on the northeast edge of the collision zone between Indian and Eurasian plates, and belongs to Eurasian volcanic zone (the MediterraneanHimalayanSoutheast Asia volcanic zone). In Tengchong area, the Quaternary volcanic, geothermal and seismic activities are all intensive. These phenomena have been drawing the attention of many geoscientists in the world. Their studies are concerned with geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and cr…     

用深地震反射方法研究邢台地震区地壳细结构

为了取得邢台地震区的地壳细结构,1990年冬,国家地震局地球物理研究所等实施了一条穿过华北平原中部束鹿断陷盆地的深地震反射剖面.经过叠加和偏移后的剖面显示出清晰的地壳细结构图像.剖面图上1-4s之间的强反射对应于由一组正断层产生的沉积层变形,其中新河断裂为束鹿盆地和新河凸起之间的边界主断裂,它伸展到8km以下深处.在5s左右显示出一组较强的反射界面,它可能对应于脆性上地壳的下界面.10-11s之间的壳-幔过渡带包含一组振幅大、连续性好的强反射,在震源下方的Moho界面上似乎被间断.岩浆从上地幔顶部侵入到地壳中,使得地壳可能出现部分熔融,这一过程是产生扩张盆地和发生邢台地震的主要原因.     

太行山东缘汤阴地堑地壳结构和活动断裂探测

采用深、浅地震反射和钻孔地质剖面相结合的探测方法,对太行山东缘汤阴地堑的地壳结构和隐伏活动断裂进行了研究.结果表明,该区地壳厚度约36~42 km,莫霍面从华北平原区向太行山下倾伏.汤阴地堑是一个受汤东断裂控制的半地堑构造,其基底面形态与莫霍面展布呈"镜像"关系.汤东断裂是1条继承性的隐伏活动断裂,该断裂向上错断了埋深约20 m的中更新世晚期地层,向下延伸至上地壳底部.综合分析深地震反射和已有深地震宽角反射/折射剖面结果,发现深地震反射剖面上的中-下地壳强反射层和壳幔过渡带反射,与深地震宽角反射/折射剖面上出现的中-下地壳正负速度梯度变化层有着较好的对应关系,这表明本区中-下地壳和壳幔过渡带可能为一系列速度递变层或高低速物质的互变层,埋深约15~16 km的强反射带为上地壳与中-下地壳的转换带,壳幔过渡带的底界为地壳与地幔的分界.研究结果为深入理解该区的深部动力学过程、分析研究深浅构造关系、评价断裂的活动性提供了依据.     

张渤地震带及邻区近震体波成像及孕震环境分析

针对张渤地震带深部孕震构造环境和地幔岩浆对地壳底侵作用的问题,本文充分收集了华北地区区域数字地震台网176个固定台站记录到的观测数据,应用近震体波层析成像方法,获得了华北地区地壳的P波三维速度结构和V_P/V_S波速比.依据V_P/V_S波速比能反映岩石物理性质和流变学特征的特性,并结合人工地震测深剖面、大地电磁测深、地球化学等成果,讨论了张渤地震带的孕震环境和动力学机制等问题.研究结果显示：张渤地震带强震位于高低速异常分界线附近或偏向高速体一侧,震源体下方均存在广泛的低速异常分布,据此推测这些低速异常的存在可能与流体有关,同时也揭示出张渤地震带地震主要分布在上地壳,从震源深度分布及地壳物性结构分析上地壳具有发震的构造背景,也有发震的物性基础,是一个易震层和多震层.张渤地震带地壳内部在20 km下方存在偏高的波速比特征,这些可能反映了在该区域内中、上地壳幔源物质的侵入和热状态的岩体在横向上的变化,可能是地幔岩浆长期底侵作用的结果.由于深部幔源物质的侵入,使得地壳深部流体的供给量增加,在地壳发震层下长期存在的流体会影响断裂带的结构,降低断裂带的强度,使区域应力场发生变化从而导致断裂带上应力的集中,进而引发地震发生.     

延怀盆地及其邻区地壳上地幔速度结构的宽频带地震台阵研究

在沙城以东的延庆盆地及其邻近区域内布设了由GDS－1000宽频带数字地震仪组成的流动地震台阵，利用台阵记录的宽频带远震P波波形数据和非线性接收函数反演方法获得了延怀盆地内0-80km深度范围的地壳、上地幔S波速度结构．利用计算机三维彩色剖分显示技术研究了台阵下地壳、上地幔速度结构的横向非均匀变化。结果表明，研究区域内的地壳厚度为40km左右，壳幔界面有4km左右的上下起伏．地表沉积盖层在延庆盆地中心附近厚度约1km，而在向盆地外围延伸的方向上相对变薄．研究区域内上地壳S波速度结构较复杂，而下地壳与上地幔则相对比较均匀．其上地壳最突出的特点是在10km深度附近有明显的S波低速层．在延庆盆地下方，它延伸到6-20km的深度范围．在延庆盆地南侧，该低速层有从西往东逐渐减弱的趋势．研究区域内的地震基本上都发生在延庆盆地下方上地壳低速体外围．据此推断，延庆盆地及其临近区域内的地震活动与该区域地壳内的热状态有密切关系．     

用近场余震观测资料研究张北地震的发震构造

本文对张北近场地震资料进行了重新定位，并通过网格化处理得到震源空间分布图像、发震时间图像和定位残差图像.震源空间分布图像和发震时间图像细致地显示了极震区周围的发震构造时空特征为明显的北西方向，另外还存在断续的北东向特征.该震区在中新生代以来有过多期岩浆活动，极震区米家沟附近有一个火山口并且地壳内存在低速带和深断裂，复杂的地壳构造为孕震提供了必要的深部环境.     

JOINT INVERSION OF SURFACE WAVE DISPERSION AND RECEIVER FUNCTIONS FOR CRUSTAL AND UPPERMOST MANTLE STRUCTURE BENEATH CHINESE TIENSHAN AND ITS ADJACENT AREAS

The Tienshan orogenic belt is one of the most active intracontinental orogenic belts in the world. Studying the deep crust-mantle structure in this area is of great significance for understanding the deep dynamics of the Tienshan orogen. The distribution of fixed seismic stations in the Tianshan orogenic belt is sparse. The low resolution of the existing tomographic results in the Tienshan orogenic belt has affected the in-depth understanding of the deep dynamics of the Tienshan orogenic belt. In this paper, the observation data of 52 mobile seismic stations in the Xinjiang Seismic Network and the 11 new seismic stations in the Tienshan area for one-year observations are used. The seismic ambient noise tomography method is used to obtain the Rayleigh surface wave velocity distribution image in the range of 10~50s beneath the Chinese Tienshan and its adjacent areas (41°~48° N, 79°~91° E). The joint inversion of surface wave and receiver function reveals the S-wave velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle and the crustal thickness below the station beneath the Chinese Tienshan area(41°~46° N, 79°~91° E). The use of observation data from mobile stations and new fixed seismic stations has improved the resolution of surface wave phase velocity imaging and S-wave velocity structure models in the study area.
The results show that there are many obvious low-velocity layers in the crust near the basin-bearing zone in the northern Tienshan Mountains and the southern Tienshan Mountains. There are significant differences in the structural characteristics and distribution range of the low-velocity zone in the northern margin and the southern margin. Combining previous research results on artificial seismic profiles, receiver function profiles, teleseismic tomography, and continental subduction simulation experiments, it is speculated that the subduction of the Tarim Basin and the Junggar Basin to the Tienshan orogenic belt mainly occurs in the middle of the Chinese Tienshan orogenic belt, and the subduction of the southern margin of the Tienshan Mountains is larger than that of the northern margin, and the subduction of the eastern crust is not obvious or in the early subduction stage. There are many low-velocity layers in the inner crust of the Tienshan orogenic belt, and most of them correspond to the strong uplifting areas that are currently occurring. The thickness of the crust below the Tienshan orogenic belt is between 55km and 63km. The thickness of the crust(about 63km)is the largest near the BLT seismic station in the Bazhou region of Xinjiang. The average crustal thickness of the Tarim Basin is about 45km, and that of the Junggar Basin is 47km. The S-wave velocity structure obtained in this study can provide a new deep basis for the study of the segmentation of the Tienshan orogenic belt and the difference of the basin-mountain coupling type.     

MAGNETOTELLURIC IMAGING OF MAGMA DISTRIBUTION BENEATH MA'ANLING AND LEIHULING VOLCANOES OF NORTHEASTERN HAINAN,CHINA

The northeastern Hainan Province is one of the areas subjected to the strongest, most frequent and longest-lasting volcanic activities in China since the Cenozoic era. Under the influence of magma and fault activities, northeastern Hainan Island has experienced many moderate and strong earthquakes in history. The Qiongshan M7.5 earthquake occurred in this region in 1605. The deformation measurement and InSAR data found a subsidence area in the south of the Qiongshan M7.5 earthquake. Small earthquakes frequently occur in this area. It has been inferred by some studies on this subsidence area, namely the Puqianwan-Fengjiawan seismic belt, that the subsidence and frequent seismic activity are related to the development of deep magma systems. Magnetotelluric methods are very sensitive to subsurface fluid, different temperature conditions, and resistivity property of the medium in the molten state. With the development of magnetotelluric three-dimensional inversion technique, using dense array magnetotelluric data in three-dimensional inversion can image the medium resistivity occurrence state and position in the volcanic area. To study the deep structure of the magma system and its relationship with seismic activity, we conducted MT observations on two profiles that cross Leihuling and Ma'anling volcanoes. Phase tensor decomposition was used to analyze the electrical structure. This paper investigates the two MT profiles using three-dimensional electromagnetic imaging technology and obtains the electrical structure of the two profiles. The result reveals the media properties and high conductivity bodies' occurrence range beneath the volcanic area in the northeastern Hainan. There are obvious differences in the electrical structure of the northeastern Hainan. The resistivity values are high in the east and low in the west. In addition, there are two high conductivity bodies in the northeast of Hainan. The high conductivity body C₁ inclines to the west and locates beneath the Chengmai County area in the northwestern Hainan Island(west of the Leihuling-Ma'anling volcanoes). Its resistivity value is less than several Ωm. This low resistive body is 40km long in WE direction and 30km wide in SN direction. Its burial depth is about 2km near the HNL1 profile and 6km near the NHNL1 profile. Its bottom reaches the depth of about 25~30km, which may be close to or through the Moho surface depth of 25~26km in this area. It is speculated that the magma eruption of Leihuling-Ma'anling volcanoes did not migrate vertically from its deep part to the surface. The high conductivity body C₂ locates beneath Longquan. The buried depth of C₂ tends to be shallower from north to south, but there is no exposed surface in the study area, nor is it connected with the shallow low-resistivity layer. It is speculated that the C₂ may be a magmatic sac trapped in the crust, but may have nothing to do with the eruption of Ma'anling-Leihuling volcanoes. The recent volcanic magma in this area comes from the lower crust and upper mantle of the ocean area to the west of Hainan Island. As magma enters the upper and middle crust, it continues to move shallowly and eastward. In this process, it should be blocked by the high resistance structure on the east side of the Changliu-Xiangou Fault and then erupt around this fault, thus forming numerous craters in this area. After the repeated eruption, deep magma channels gradually closed and volcanic activity weakened. The magma in the mid-upper crust cooled consolidated gradually, but the speed was uneven in different areas, resulting in the channels having closed down gradually in some places, and some are in the process of closing. Our results show an uneven rise and fall depth of the low resistivity body in the middle and lower crust. There is no high conductivity body in the deep part of the Puqianwan-Fengjiawan seismic belt and the subsidence area in the northeastern Hainan, which rules out the possibility that the small earthquakes are related to deep magma systems.     

天山—帕米尔结合带的地壳速度结构及地震活动研究

利用流动地震台阵记录的地震数据，通过地震层析技术反演了天山—帕米尔结合带的P波速度结构，揭示出地壳结构的非均匀特征及其与地震活动的对应关系. 分析结果表明，天山和西昆仑的双向挤压导致塔里木西部边缘地壳严重变形，在山前地区形成基底隆起带，地壳深部则被断裂分割成为若干块体，有的块体可能卷入造山带内部；喀什坳陷地壳深部结构相对完整，变形程度较弱；天山和西昆仑的地壳结构显示出缩短增厚的波速特性，在与塔里木接壤的局部地区，壳幔边界附近存在热物质的侵入迹象. 大部分地震都发生在塔里木西部边缘的壳内高速块体周围，推测块体之间的相互作用和应力调整是导致天山—帕米尔结合带频繁发生地震的主要原因，伽师地震则与构造变形由天山向塔里木内部扩展以及该地区的地壳非均匀结构有关.     

Characteristic of crustal structure in the Shulu fault basin and its vicinity

（王椿镛，张先康，林中洋，李学清）ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｏｆｃｒｕｓｔａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｉｎｔｈｅＳｈｕｌｕｆａｕｌｔｂａｓｉｎａｎｄｉｔｓｖｉｃｉｎｉｔｙ￥Ｃｈｕｎ－ＹｏｎｇＷＡＮＧＩ；Ｘｉａｎ－ＫａｎｇＺＨＡＮＧ；Ｚｈｏｎｇ－ＹａｎｇＬ...