高速铁路填充沟隔振效果的2.5D有限元分析

高铁运行产生的振动对周边环境的影响不容忽视,空沟填充沟是高速铁路有效的屏障隔振方式之一。文中以饱和土2.5D有限元理论为基础,考虑轨道和路基的动力相互作用,建立轨道-路基-填充沟数值计算模型,编制FORTRAN计算程序,分析列车在低速和高速运行条件下填充沟的隔振性能及设计参数对隔振效果的影响。计算表明:填充沟对沟后区域隔振效果较好,且高速列车的隔振效果优于低速列车;隔振后振动频段范围变化不大,但原频段振动竖向加速度幅值有较明显衰减;隔振后加速度振级下降约20 dB,加速度衰减系数衰减至隔振前的0.1倍;填充沟的弹性模量、埋深以及埋置位置对隔振效果均有较大影响。     

双线地铁运营隔振沟屏障性能研究

为研究双线地铁运营时隔振沟的减振效果,基于2.5维有限元法建立双线地铁列车-轨道-地基土体耦合分析模型。模型克服现有研究将轨道结构简化为弹性地基欧拉梁的缺陷,引入实际钢轨动力学参数,实现双线地铁列车荷载下隔振沟对周围地基的隔振效果分析,比较空沟、填充沟两种不同隔振措施的减振特性,并对填充沟隔振影响因素进行系统的参数分析。研究结果表明:双线运营地铁荷载下,空沟隔振作用体现在沟后范围内,填充沟减振范围更广且效果更好,相比空沟更具工程实用性;填充沟在沟深较小时也能发挥良好的减振作用,增大沟深、沟宽均可有效提高减振效果。研究成果可为今后双线地铁隔振设计与施工提供有益参考。     

饱和地基中空沟近场隔振的现场试验与二维半解析边界元分析

动力机器运行和车辆行驶等会产生振动污染,危及邻近建筑物安全和干扰精密仪器设备正常运行等。这些振动污染可通过在地基中设置空沟的方式来降低或消除。针对饱和地基上明置动力机器基础的环境振动影响及空沟近场隔振问题,进行了饱和地基上空沟近场隔振的现场试验,并对试验结果进行了无量纲化分析;基于饱和土半解析边界元法,分别推导了动力机器基础环境振动影响和空沟近场隔振的边界元方程;在此基础上,详细研究了空沟对动力机器基础振动影响的隔振效果,分析了空沟深度、宽度和距振源距离对其隔振效果的影响。结果表明:空沟能够有效的降低动力机器基础的环境振动影响;空沟宽度对其隔振效果影响相对较小,而空沟深度对其隔振效果影响较大,为获得较好的隔振效果,空沟深度建议取1倍Rayleigh波波长;空沟距振源距离对其隔振效果也有较大影响,距离越远则隔振效果也越好,当被保护建筑距振源较远时,建议空沟在被保护建筑附近设置。此外,在某些特殊情况下,空沟隔振系统会由于共振现象而出现隔振效果劣化的现象,在工程设计中应予以注意。     

移动荷载作用下Gibson地基中Duxseal主动隔振研究

随着中国高速铁路建设的快速发展，移动荷载下路基振动所带来的环境污染日益严重，轨道交通诱发的环境振动隔振已成为土动力学研究的热点之一。为缓解轨道交通诱发的振动污染问题，考虑车-轨道-土体动力相互作用，建立列车-轨道简化分析模型，采用三维半解析半理论边界元法，探究移动荷载下均质和Gibson地基中埋置Duxseal时的隔振效果进行分析并探讨不同Duxseal宽度、厚度及埋深对隔振效果的影响。研究结果表明：在一定范围内增加Duxseal宽度和厚度有助于提高隔振效果，较小的埋深对振动控制有利。Duxseal参数的设计要充分考虑成本和地基参数，地基类型对水平方向的隔振效果影响较小，竖向受土质参数的影响较大。     

高速地铁列车竖向振动特性分析

高速地铁列车是一种运行速度可达160 km/h远高于普通地铁最高速度80 km/h的新型地铁列车。其车辆力学特性与高铁列车基本相同,其轨道运行条件与普速列车轨道运行条基本相同。地铁列车竖向振动影响列车上部结构供电及受力性能,目前高铁及普速列车在各自轨道上运行时列车的振动特性研究较为成熟,但高铁列车在普速铁路上运行时的振动特性的研究尚属空白。聚焦高速地铁列车在普速轨道上运行时的车辆振动特性,基于OpenSees软件建立普速及高速地铁列车的车-轮-轨二维有限元模型;利用我国普速轨道谱考虑其频谱特征随机生成20个440 m长轨道不平顺样本;通过有限元法分析了普速和高速地铁列车在不同运行速度及不同平顺程度下的竖向位移响应及统计参数,研究了高速及普速地铁列车竖向振动随运行速度的变化规律。研究表明：高速地铁列车与普速地铁列车的不平顺轨道振动远大于平顺轨道振动。高速列车与普速列车在竖向振动随速度变化特性上存在差异,高速列车的竖向振动位移幅值远小于普速列车,相较于普速列车振动更加稳定。     

地震作用下高速铁路车-线-桥耦合系统动力响应分析

地震激励对高速车辆-简支箱梁桥系统动力响应的影响关系到高速铁路运营安全。基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学和列车-轨道-桥梁动力相互作用理论,运用有限元和多体动力学方法,建立高速铁路桥梁区段车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合系统动力学模型,分析在人工地震波作用下高速铁路车-线-桥耦合系统动力响应。结果表明:地震激励对轨道板、支撑层和桥梁的横向振动特性的影响大于对垂向振动特性的影响,桥梁结构对地震激励的敏感程度大于轨道结构;车辆运行速度对系统垂向振动特性的影响大于对横向振动特性的影响。研究结论可为地震荷载作用下高速铁路安全运营提供理论依据。     

均质及双层地基土条件下环形沟隔振效果分析

为了探究均质地基和双层土地基条件下环形沟几何参数变化对其隔振区域的影响规律,及环形沟在不同地基土层中隔振效果的差异,本文建立缩尺比为1: 15的模型试验,以地基土类型、环形沟深度、宽度及圆心角为研究变量,通过开展具体试验进行探究。结果表明:在均质地基和双层土地基环形沟隔振中,环形沟宽度变化对其隔振效果影响较小,环形沟深度及圆心角是影响其隔振效果的重要参数,且深度和圆心角越大,隔振效果越好,但当地基土为成层土地基,环形沟深在临近土层分界面深度增大时,环形沟隔振效果相对减弱;在均质地基和双层土地基中,相同参数条件下,均质地基土较双层地基土具有更好的隔振特性;振源与环形沟之间及环形沟末端位置区域由于振动波的传播特性存在振动增强区域。     

轨道交通连续型隔振屏障隔振效果有限元分析

为评价轨道交通连续型隔振屏障的隔振效果,通过Abaqus有限元数值方法,对空沟、填充沟等连续型屏障的隔振效果及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明：隔振屏障前侧振动加强,屏障后侧存在较好地隔振效果,屏障参数的变化对屏障前振动加强效果的影响较小,部分屏障参数的变化对屏障后侧隔振效果存在影响;屏障的隔振性能随屏障深度的增大而增强,受屏障宽度的影响较小;橡胶板墙隔振性能较差,空沟和混凝土板墙的隔振性能较强,空沟的隔振效果强于混凝土板墙;屏障距离路基越近隔振效果越好,建议工程上应用屏障隔振时,屏障靠近路基设置。     

层状地基分界面对于空沟隔振效果的影响分析

为研究层状地基的分界面对于空沟隔振效果的影响,采用模型试验,选取三种不同深度的空沟,分别为小于分界面深度和等于分界面深度以及超过分界面深度的三种深度,分析在改变空沟宽度、空沟位置(固定振源即传感器位置,仅改变空沟所处位置)以及激振频率时对三种深度空沟隔振效果的影响。结果表明:当宽度和激振频率发生改变时,深度等于土层分界面处深度的空沟隔振效果变化最不明显;当宽度和空沟位置发生改变时,沟深小于分界面深度的空沟受到的影响最为明显;在激振频率的改变下时,沟深大于土层分界面深度的空沟所受影响最大;当固定其余参数,逐渐增加空沟深度时,深度在变化到分界面处时会有Ar值发生增加现象,该现象受到激振频率影响,激振频率越低,则上升幅度越大,低频的上升区间也最长,即Ar值从出现上升趋势至恢复减小趋势的距离为上升区间。综上结论,在选择隔振沟时应注重上述因素的影响,合理设计隔振沟,使其达到最佳隔振效果。     

连续型隔振屏障在高速铁路环境振动问题治理中的应用研究

为探究高速铁路两侧隔振屏障隔振效果，采用有限元与无限元边界结合的方式进行分析，研究不同连续型隔振屏障及布置形式对隔振效果的影响。通过现场试验与同尺寸、同属性有限元模型对比试验，验证有限元模型合理性。计算结果表明:不同连续型隔振屏障中，空沟隔振效果最优，空沟隔振措施适合高速列车隔振；隔振屏障宽度为0.6～2.5倍波长时，其对隔振效果的影响较小，随着宽度的改变，隔振效果变化幅度较小；隔振屏障深度为3.8～15.2倍波长时，其对隔振效果的影响较明显，随着深度的增加，隔振效果增强；屏障位置对隔振效果的影响较大，建议屏障应靠近路基布置；连续型隔振屏障对高频的隔振效果优于低频。     

Analysis and design of open trench barriers in screening steady-state surface vibrations

The problem of vibration isolation by rectangular open trenches in a plane strain context is numerically studied using a finite element code, PLAXIS. The soil media is assumed to be linear elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous subjected to a vertical harmonic load producing steady-state vibration. The present model is validated by comparing it with previously published works. The key geometrical features of a trench, i.e., its depth, width, and distance from the source of excitation, are normalized with respect to the Rayleigh wavelength. The attenuation of vertical and horizontal components of vibration is studied for various trench dimensions against trench locations varied from an active to a passive case. Results are depicted in non-dimensional forms and conclusions are drawn regarding the effects of geometrical parameters in attenuating vertical and horizontal vibration components. The screening efficiency is primarily governed by the normalized depth of the barrier. The effect of width has little significance except in some specific cases. Simplified regression models are developed to estimate average amplitude reduction factors. The models applicable to vertical vibration cases are found to be in excellent agreement with previously published results.     

An experimental study of the isolation performance of trenches on ground-borne vibration from underground tunnels

This paper presents a study of the isolation performance of trenches on train-induced ground-bore vibration from underground tunnels. A series of model tests was conducted to perform the study. Both train loads and sinusoidal sweep loads were applied to the model tunnel invert by a shaker. The response of the soil at the surface of the ground was measured by accelerometers. Three types of isolation trenches, i.e., an open trench, an expanded Polystyrene(EPS)-filled trench, and a Duxseal-filled trench, were modelled in the experiment. The results showed that the open trench and the EPS-filled trench increased the dynamic response of the surface soil in front of the trench, but the Duxseal-filled trench had little effect on the dynamic response of the soil on the surface in this area. Although all three types of isolation trenches reduced the response of the soil behind the trench, the open trench and the Duxseal-filled trench were clearly more effective. The test results also showed that, as the excitation frequency increased, the vibration isolation trench was more effective in the near field. The effects of the width, depth, and position of an open trench on isolation performance also were examined in the tests.     

沪宁城际铁路高架桥段CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动现场测试与分析

对沪宁城际铁路CRH动车组运行引起的高架桥段地面振动竖向速度和加速度进行了现场测试,分析了地面振动特征及其传播的衰减规律。结果表明：CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动主频在70Hz以下,属于低频振动;地面振动峰值速度和加速度随着离高架桥距离的增大而减小,20m以内地面振动衰减幅度较大;地面振动峰值随列车时速的提高而增大,车厢数量对地面振动峰值和主频成分的影响不明显;CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动对一般性建筑物影响不大,列车时速为300km左右时,地面振动速度超过办公室等公共建筑的允许值,列车时速为200km左右时,地面振动速度超过居民住宅的允许值;与其他高速铁路的地面振动实测值相比,沪宁城际铁路CRH动车组运行引起的高架桥段地面振动强度相对较低。     

Finite element analysis of structure-borne vibration from high-speed train

Finite element analyses were used to investigate the behavior of the building vibration induced by high-speed trains moving on bridges. The model includes the bridge, nearby building, soil and train. Finite element results indicate that trainload frequencies are more important than the natural frequencies of bridges and trains for building vibrations. If the building natural frequencies approach to the trainload frequencies, which equal an integer times the train speed over the compartment length, the resonance occurs and the building vibration will be large. Moreover, the vibration shape is similar to the mode shape of the resonance building frequency. To isolate the building vibration induced by moving trains, this paper investigates three common types of foundations, which include the extension of retaining walls, pile foundation and soil improvement around the building. Soil improvement around the building is the best way to reduce the building vibration both in horizontal and vertical directions.     

Experimental investigation into ground vibrations induced by very high speed trains on a non-ballasted track

A field measurement of ground vibration was performed on the Beijing−Shanghai high-speed railway in China. In this paper, the experimental results of vertical ground vibration accelerations induced by very high speed trains running over a non-ballasted track on embankment with speeds from 300 to 410 km/h are reported and analyzed in detail for the first time. Characteristics of ground vibration accelerations in both time and frequency domains are analyzed based on the test data. It is shown that the periodic exciting action of high-speed train bogies can be identified in time histories of vertical accelerations of the ground within the range of 50 m from the track centerline. The first dominant sensitive frequency of the ground vibration acceleration results from the wheelbase of the bogie, and the center distance of two neighboring cars plays an important role in the significant frequencies of the ground vibration acceleration. Variations of time–response peak value and frequency-weighted vertical acceleration level of ground vibration in relation with train speed as well as the distance from the track centerline are also investigated. Results show that the time-domain peak value of ground vibration acceleration exhibits an approximately linear upward tendency with the increase of train speed. With the increasing distance from the track centerline, the frequency-weighted vertical acceleration level of the ground vibration attenuates more slowly than the time-domain peak value of the ground vibration acceleration does. Severe impact of high-speed railway ground vibration on human body comfort on the ground occurs at the speed of 380–400 km/h. The results given in the paper are also valuable for validating the numerical prediction of train induced ground vibrations.