基于微信公众平台的建筑物信息采集系统设计及实现

完备、准确的建筑物信息,直接决定着震后灾情快速评估结果的精度,同时也可为震前灾害风险评估提供数据支持。为实现建筑物信息的快速采集,开发了基于微信公众平台的建筑物信息采集系统。实践证明,与基于移动终端应用程序采集方式相比,该系统克服了应用程序与移动终端操作系统兼容性差的问题,系统运行稳定可靠、人机交互简单方便,为建筑物信息采集提供了可靠的技术支撑。     

基于可视化遥感的地震大区域灾情收集系统

地震现场与一般灾害现场不同,其受灾区域较大,常规的基于遥感信息进行灾情收集时,采集信息零散混乱无法形成可视化直观分析结果。为解决该问题,设计基于可视化遥感技术的地震大区域灾情收集系统,利用遥感信息采集大区域的优势,配合设计网络通信层、数据收集层、数据库层、GIS遥感平台层和应用层组成的系统硬件,采用GIS三维重构技术,对灾情进行可视化呈现。实验结果说明,系统最长响应时间为1.857 s,最大CPU占用率和消耗分别是80.8%和1 656 MB,信息可视化重现程度高。     

结构振动控制的非光滑控制算法及其应用

针对地震波对建筑结构振动性能的影响,应用非光滑控制算法抑制该振动。首先根据李亚普若夫稳定性理论和齐次系统有限时间稳定理论,论证了所设计控制算法能够实现建筑结构振动的有限时间稳定。在考虑模型带有5%结构参数不确定性的基础上,对1幢受地震冲击的3层建筑进行数值仿真,对比分析了无控制、LQG控制和非光滑控制条件下的振动情形。为了防止控制器出力过大造成建筑结构的破坏和实际难以实现,仿真中对控制力幅值全部加以限制。仿真结果表明,所设计的非光滑控制算法可使系统在有限时间内稳定,并具有良好的抗震性能和鲁棒性。     

核电厂IHP通风围板的抗震设计优化

核电厂一体化堆顶组件(IHP)通风围板为驱动机构磁轭线圈的冷却提供了间隙均匀的通道.为了优化IHP通风围板的设计,根据ANSI/AISC N690分析了当前设计的通风围板的关键结构件在D级使用限制下的应力和变形并对关键结构件进行了初步设计优化,然后对IHP通风围板进行了有限元分析并对通风围板进行了最终设计改进.经过抗震设计优化通风围板的最大应力值分布趋于均匀.本文对抗震类设备的设计优化具有一定的参考价值.     

基于Android的城市建筑物信息外业采集系统研究

建筑物信息的完善是震前风险评估和震后损失评估的重要基础,决定着评估结果的精度。为了实现城市建筑物信息的快速采集,笔者对系统需求分析、架构设计、功能设计、数据库设计及核心功能实现等几个方面进行了研究,开发了基于Android的城市建筑物信息外业采集系统,并利用该系统对示范区进行了现场采集测试。实践证明,与传统采集方式相比,该系统人机交互简便,有利于现场非专业技术人员的操作,可以更好地应用于建筑物信息的外业采集,极大地提高了建筑物信息采集的效率,为地震灾害评估过程中建筑物信息数据采集提供技术支持。     

基于Android平台的地震灾情采集系统的设计与实现

震后及时准确的灾情信息,可为应急救援力量部署、应急指挥决策和地震烈度评定提供重要依据。分析震后第一时间多方面地震现场灾情的实际需求,基于Android平台的地震现场灾情采集系统的研发目标,分析系统的业务流程,进行系统架构设计和系统客户端、中间层和数据层设计,详细描述灾情信息和烈度上报、查询管理、统计分析等功能的实现,功能测试结果展示该系统的适用价值和灾情采集效率。     

多层RC框架复合结构体系层间刚度优化设计方法研究

历次震害表明多层RC框架结构广泛出现以柱铰机制为根本原因的层屈服倒塌模式,研究表明采用附加抗侧构件形成复合结构体系能有效提高结构的抗地震倒塌能力。以控制多层RC框架各层层间位移一致,避免薄弱层出现为性能目标,提出了一种简单实用的获得结构各层最优抗侧构件刚度需求的设计方法,即基于静力弹塑性分析的刚度迭代方法。该设计方法能够考虑结构非线性性能的影响,并可自主设定设防目标,符合基于性态的抗震设计思想。最后给出一个抗震设计算例,并对其进行了抗震性能评估。     

液压质量控制系统(HMS)的分析模型及其对底层柔性建筑抗震控制的分析

本文着重阐述HMS系统的振动控制机理及其分析模型。在对试验结果分析的基础上,建立了HMS系统考虑其油液压缩性的“可压缩弹性”分析模型(简称“弹性”模型)。试验与分析证明,以该模型描述HMS的系统的工作状态是符合实际的。本文以所建立的“弹性”分析模型,对HMS系统各参数对底层柔性建筑抗震控制体系减震效果影响的规律性进行了详细的计算分析,得出了一些结论,这些结论对实际工程抗震控制设计是非常有意义的。     

多连体高层结构计算模型及层剪力分配规律研究

分析了高层塔式建筑各抗侧结构间的相互作用,建立了静力计算模型,用高阶微分方程组描述并解偶这种相互作用,推导了结构内力、位移表达式.经比较,所得侧移、层间剪力分配结果与有限元分析结果基本一致.该模型有助于在初设阶段对抗侧结构及其连接构件的布局合理性进行判断和调整,可为改进结构抗震设计提供依据.     

灰关联与人工神经网络在建筑物震害预测中的应用

基于灰关联识别方法,解析了各震害影响因子对多层砖房抗震性能的影响程度;并利用BP人工神经网络非线性模型对震害实例样本进行了训练。结果表明:利用灰关联分析,可得出各因子对多层砖房抗震性能影响程度的大小排序,有利于实际的工程抗震设计;基于BP人工神经网络模型的多层砖房的震害预测结果与震害实例的实际情况比较吻合,其思路和方法可推广于其他不同类型的建筑结构的震害预测。     

Improved Removal of Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds by Activated Carbon Fiber Filters Calcined with Copper Oxide Catalyst

Heating, ventilating, and air‐conditioning (HVAC) systems ensure indoor air quality and provide a comfortable environment. However, the conventional HVAC systems only provide indoor ventilation and adjust temperature and humidity. This work removes indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a feasible and novel air‐cleaning for an HVAC system, to remove indoor VOCs. An activated carbon‐fiber (ACF) filter calcined with copper oxide (CuO) catalyst, called a CuO/ACF catalyst filter, was the developed kit. Formaldehyde, a major VOC, was chosen as the target pollutant. Experiments were performed to confirm the filtration ability of the CuO/ACF catalyst filter in removing formaldehyde in a stainless‐steel chamber equipped with a simplified HVAC system. Total air exchange rate (ACH) was controlled at 0.5 and 1.0 h⁻¹, the fresh ACH was 0.15 and 0.30 h⁻¹, and relative humidity (RH) was set at 30 and 70%. A first‐order decay of formaldehyde existed in the controlled chamber when the two pretreated CuO/ACF catalyst filters were employed. Experimental results demonstrate that the CuO/ACF catalyst filters removed formaldehyde effectively. The decay constant was 0.425 and 0.618 h⁻¹ for 0.5 and 2.0 ppm formaldehyde, respectively. Moreover, the formaldehyde decay rate increased as total ACH, fresh ACH, RH, and the Cu(NO₃)₂ concentration for calcination of CuO/ACF catalyst filter increased.     

Numerical simulations of full-wave fields and analysis of channel wave characteristics in 3-D coal mine roadway models

Currently, numerical simulations of seismic channel waves for the advance detection of geological structures in coal mine roadways focus mainly on modeling twodimensional wave fields and therefore cannot accurately simulate three-dimensional (3-D) full-wave fields or seismic records in a full-space observation system. In this study, we use the first-order velocity–stress staggered-grid finite difference algorithm to simulate 3-D full-wave fields with P-wave sources in front of coal mine roadways. We determine the three components of velocity V_x, V_y, and V_z for the same node in 3-D staggered-grid finite difference models by calculating the average value of V_y, and V_z of the nodes around the same node. We ascertain the wave patterns and their propagation characteristics in both symmetrical and asymmetric coal mine roadway models. Our simulation results indicate that the Rayleigh channel wave is stronger than the Love channel wave in front of the roadway face. The reflected Rayleigh waves from the roadway face are concentrated in the coal seam, release less energy to the roof and floor, and propagate for a longer distance. There are surface waves and refraction head waves around the roadway. In the seismic records, the Rayleigh wave energy is stronger than that of the Love channel wave along coal walls of the roadway, and the interference of the head waves and surface waves with the Rayleigh channel wave is weaker than with the Love channel wave. It is thus difficult to identify the Love channel wave in the seismic records. Increasing the depth of the receivers in the coal walls can effectively weaken the interference of surface waves with the Rayleigh channel wave, but cannot weaken the interference of surface waves with the Love channel wave. Our research results also suggest that the Love channel wave, which is often used to detect geological structures in coal mine stopes, is not suitable for detecting geological structures in front of coal mine roadways. Instead, the Rayleigh channel wave can be used for the advance detection of geological structures in coal mine roadways.     

地震灾情场景计算机在线模拟系统设计

传统大型多道地震物理模拟系统缺乏对地震灾情场景的图像直观整合,可观赏效果差。设计基于GIS的地震灾情场景计算机在线模拟系统,从系统层次划分以及软件实现两方面完成地震灾情场景的在线模拟,系统由数据层、逻辑层和应用层构成。利用逻辑层中灾情场景生成模块自动整合功能,依据研究地区的GIS数据及其开发部件的底层支持,构建建筑物的三维像素点集合模型,实现灾后场景构建;通过地震动场判定和三维坐标转换,构建灾后场景。实验结果表明,所设计的系统模拟地震灾情场景图像最低误差均值仅为3.4,观赏性好,系统功能及性能满足实际需求。     

基于遥感影像的建筑抗震能力分析

据震害统计,房屋抗震能力是影响灾害的主要因素,抗震能力一般由房屋抗震设防水平、结构类型、建造年代和房屋层数等因素决定,通过对房屋抗震能力的综合评定,以便采取更有针对性的地震灾害对策。本文通过遥感影像实现房屋基本信息的快速提取,提高房屋结构类型获取的便捷性,具有较高的准确度和可靠度,并利用抽样调查得到张家口万全区房屋建造年代和层数分布特点,结合当地抗震设防水平,建立房屋抗震能力指数指标体系,阐述房屋抗震能力现状,为地震灾害损失评估、风险普查、风险区划等工作提供参考。     

Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Improving Air Quality Perception

Energy‐efficient ventilation strategies relating to good indoor air quality (IAQ) are a major task for building performance according to the requirements set by the energy performance of buildings directive (EPBD) in 2010. Applying demand‐controlled ventilation (DCV) in buildings, using sensors for IAQ control that enables variable airflow rates adapted to the actual indoor load conditions is one possibility to fulfill the requirements of adequate IAQ while reducing the energy consumption at the same time. CO₂ concentrations above outdoors are generally used as an indicator for occupancy generated indoor air pollution and corresponding ventilation rates. The objective of this study is focused on a micromachined metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor module developed for IAQ control, based on volatile organic compound (VOC) detection. The sensor output was correlated with measured CO₂ concentrations and quantified VOCs in 15 field scenarios. Energy demand and IAQ, applying the sensor module for DCV in an office, were compared to natural and time‐scheduled ventilation in the office. The study accentuates the need for DCV and proves the functionality of the sensor module for IAQ control at adequate comfort levels. Compared to time‐scheduled ventilation, 15% heating energy and 70% power consumption were saved with DCV.     

基于微服务架构的分布式灾情管理系统设计

为及时获取多源异构灾情信息,以多源灾情管理系统的架构和功能模块为研究对象,针对单体系统存在灵活性差、性能低、资源消耗不均衡等问题,提出基于微服务架构设计,在分布式环境下利用Spring Cloud框架,通过业务划分,设计独立模块的微服务,同时加入熔断器、消息队列等组件,缓存处理数据。运用地理信息系统实现灾情数据实时获取、灾情编码入库、地震灾情速报产品实时发布以及灾后应急管理。实验结果表明,采用多层微服务架构,系统扩展性增强,并发性能得到提高,提升了灾情数据管理效率。     

基于物联网的大型地震区域监控系统设计

当前大型地震区域监控系统采用有线网络对人工指挥台进行数据传输,易导致灾害条件下受损无法及时有效地传通监控结果,存在地震实时监测信息准确性低、系统稳定性差的问题。因此设计基于物联网的大型地震区域监控系统。该设计系统进行数据采集交换的网络拓扑采用ZIGBEE实现通信。基于VS.NET基础设计系统架构,通过地震的现场指挥部建设支持可视化的调度指挥台,实现综合调度和集中指挥的目的。系统中智能地震救灾控制中心采用服务器进行数据存储和智能运算,实现对地震检测区的精准、高效检测和工作指导。通过数据采集交换与应急调度平台,监测地震实时监控与设备使用情况。采用地震救灾数据采集分析软件对物联网中地震区域监测数据进行全面、准确分析,系统采用多源信息融合技术实现地震救灾信息多视角的全面处理。实验结果说明,所设计系统测算结果实时性高、功耗低,具有较高的准确度和稳定性。     

小尺度网格层析速度建模方法在低幅构造区时深转换中的应用

渤海M油田区浅层多发育低幅构造,低幅构造区的地震数据对常规层析成像不够敏感,导致常规速度反演方法很难保证低幅构造速度建模的准确性,从而给时深转换工作带来较大误差.本文提出一种小尺度网格层析速度建模方法,该方法基于低幅构造的薄层信息,在有薄层信息的地层加密网格分布,从而实现根据地质条件划分网格的策略,进而通过解析矩阵方程实现速度模型的迭代更新.通过实际数据应用证明,对于渤海M油田利用本文提出的高精度网格层析速度建模方法是有效可行的,该方法能够有效提高低幅构造区速度建模的精度,利用该方法得到的速度模型能够大幅提高时深转换的精度,从而指导构造解释及成图工作.     

Effects of Rhizosphere Ventilation on Soil Enzyme Activities of Potted Tomato under Different Soil Water Stress

In order to improve the growing environment of root zone, and investigate the effects of different rhizosphere ventilation environments on soil enzyme activities, we supplied gas for potted tomato by air compressor, and set three irrigation levels (70–90% field capacity). Each irrigation level has different ventilation volume coefficient (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6) with the reference standard as 50% soil porosity. The results showed that the changing trend of soil catalase, urease, and dehydrogenase activity showed the first increase and then the decrease in the tomato growth period, and activities of soil catalase, urease, and dehydrogenase under the ventilation treatment are higher than those of the non‐ventilation. When the irrigation level was 80% the field capacity and the ventilation coefficient was 0.8, the activities of three soil enzyme reached the highest value. Their activities of soil catalase, urease, and dehydrogenase were particularly sensitive to rhizosphere ventilation in fruit expanding process. Tomato had more dry matter accumulation and output under the ventilation treatment than that of the non‐ventilation. The results prove that rhizosphere ventilation can improve the potted tomato root zone environment, increase the soil enzyme activity, and promote the nutrients uptake, thus promoting plant growth and fruit output and improving soil quality.