天津测震台网综合管理系统的设计与实现

介绍了天津市测震台网综合管理系统开发的背景,分析了系统的架构与设计方案,并对各功能模块进行了详细的描述,同时就软件开发过程中遇到的问题给予了解决方案,阐述了该系统的实现过程并将其加以应用,实际应用表明该系统提高了工作效率,达到了预期目标.     

新疆地震台网测震资费管理信息系统的研究与应用

介绍了新疆地震台网测震资费管理信息系统开发的背景,分析了系统的架构与设计方案,及对各功能模块进行了详细的描述,然后阐述了该系统的实现方案并将其加以应用。实践表明,该系统提高了工作效率,达到了预期目标。     

交通系统地震应急决策模型与方法

为了提高震后应急救援工作的效率,开展交通系统地震应急决策模型与方法研究,建立一套反映地震灾害情况下交通系统应急决策问题特点的方法和模型体系,为开发交通系统地震应急决策辅助支持系统提供模型支持,以实现震后交通调配决策的智能化。把双层规划方法、随机模拟方法以及模糊决策方法引入到震后交通应急调配决策的分析中,重点研究了基于交通系统畅通可靠性分析的应急决策优化问题。论文的主要研究内容概述如下:(1)介绍了四阶段交通需求预测方法及震后修正四阶段法,对震后应急交通需求的特征进行分析,建立了震后应急交通需求预测模型,提出了三阶段震后应急交通需求预测方法;分析了路桥单元的地震易损性,给出了路桥单元的震害等级,推导了路桥单元震害指数的临界区间,提出了路桥单元的地震影响修正系数区间,进而建立了震后路桥可能通行能力的评估模型;对路网容量及其计算方法进行了分析,给出了震后路网容量的计算过程。(2)介绍了单元可靠性和交通系统可靠性的基本概念,阐述了道路网络的布局形式及其性能,分析了交通系统抗震性能影响因素;利用不交化最小路集法对震后交通系统连通可靠性进行分析;依据公路服务水平分级标准,定义了震后公路服务水平阀值,引入了蒙特卡罗法,分析了交通系统的畅通可靠性,进而提出了基于服务水平的交通系统畅通可靠性评估方法,给出了评估标准,并构建了交通系统的畅通可靠性评估优化流程;为震后交通系统应急决策方法的研究提供理论依据。(3)科学的应急决策是震后救灾工作高效开展的有力保证,本文介绍了决策的基本概念、模糊决策分析方法以及数据标准化的处理方法;地震应急服务点选址决策是地震应急救援决策工作的重要基础,本文分析了地震应急服务点选址问题的不确定性,介绍了直觉模糊数和区间直觉模糊数的概念,在分析两者之间关系的基础上,定义了区间直觉模糊数的得分函数和精确函数,提出了它的排序规则;构建了约束中含有区间直觉模糊参数的地震应急服务点选址模型,提出了一种基于区间直觉模糊数排序规则的模型算法。(4)建立了基于模糊聚类分析的单服务点多需求点应急调配优化模型,并给出了模型的解法;论述了用区间数形式描述地震应急物资调配决策信息的可行性,推导了区间数可能度的算法,改进了区间数可能度矩阵,定义了基于区间数可能度的最优调配系数,构建了基于区间数可能度的单服务点多需求点应急调配优化模型,给出了模型的求解过程;考虑到震后应急物资调配是基于时间链的动态过程,假设调配至应急需求点的物资是被连续消耗的,进而建立了基于双层规划的多服务点多需求点应急调配优化模型,给出了双层规划问题的动态优化算法;构建了基于交通系统畅通可靠性分析的配流优化决策方法及体系。(5)引入设定地震法,对交通系统地震应急决策模型与方法进行理论集成研究,提出了基于不确定性分析的地震应急物资服务点选址决策优化方法、基于畅通可靠性分析的震后交通应急调配决策优化方法,并进而构建了基于设定地震的交通系统地震应急决策优化方法及体系,实现了交通系统地震应急决策理论的集成;并以宿城区县乡道路网为研究对象,引入设定地震法,对模型、方法及决策优化理论进行了模拟应用。     

邢台地震与我国地震预报的发展

详细叙述了自1966年邢台地震以来,我国地震预报研究与实践的主要进展:建设成了多学科的地震观测系统,为地震预报打下了良好基础;进行了大量震例研究,初步建立了地震预报的判据和指标体系;进行了地震预报理论的实验和研究,提出了多种地震孕育发生模型及前兆机理;通过20多年的5次地震预报攻关研究,形成了数十种地震预报方法;边研究,边预报,几十年来成功地预报了20多次破坏性地震,并取得了减灾实效,使我国地震预报的科学水平居于世界前列。本文还对地震预报尚需解决的科学难题进行探讨。     

大庆油田地震应急预案情景分析

建立了大庆油田地震应急预案情景分析模型,着重分析了大庆油田重要建筑物和特殊结构的分布和危险性,模拟了生命线工程、生产系统受损及次生灾害引发的灾害场景,并对灾害损失状况进行了情景模拟。在GIS平台上可视化表达了地震应急预案的实施效果,展示了地震应急预案实施的情景,检验了预案的可行性。     

考虑刚度及边界条件的短索索力求解与试验研究

建立了一个非齐次边界拉索力学模型,基于拉索线性振动理论,推导了考虑拉索抗弯刚度及边界条件的拉索频率方程;根据双曲函数的数理特性对频率方程进行了合理简化,得到了实用的频率简化方程,提出了逆过程求解索力的方法和步骤,并探讨了不同支承刚度对索力的影响。设计了室内拉索试验模型并进行了27种工况索力试验,比较了不同工况下的计算索力与实际索力,验证了本文提出的频率简化方程和逆过程求解方法的实用可靠性。     

防震减灾公益广告宣传模式及思考

公益广告有效地引导了公益事业的发展,发挥了积极作用,在社会上引起了极大的反响,得到了全社会的支持和参与。但防震减灾公益广告宣传模式研究相对缺失,本文根据防震减灾公益广告的发展现状,调查分析了防震减灾公益广告现阶段存在的问题,给出了防震减灾公益广告宣传模式和对策建议。     

滩浅海两栖地区油气地震勘探激发接收技术研究

针对海陆两栖地区地震勘探激发、接收中存在的问题,通过改造炸药震源的装药结构和起爆方式,研制出了一种新型激发震源,提高了激发信号的品质,减小了与气枪震源之闻的信号差异;在接收技术上,研制了新型压电检波器以代替常规的沼泽机电检波器,提高了接收地震信号的频率,实现了水陆相同感应机理的检波器同时接收地震信号,消除了两种不同检波器造成的信号差异;通过对两种新技术的试验分析,认为明显提高了地震资料的分辨率和信噪比,促进了海陆两栖地区地震勘探技术的发展．     

省地震队和忻县地区联合召开晋东北地区地震工作会议

今年二月份以来,晋东北地区的防震抗震做了大量的工作。为了进一步统一思想,推动工作,省地震队与忻县地区最近联合召开了晋东北地区地震工作会议。 会议于四月十日开始,十二日结束,时间虽短,但是与会同志普遍反映这次会议内容丰富,开的必要,开的及时。通过这次会议进一步认清了地震形势,提高了认识,交流了经验,鼓舞了斗志,增强了信心。     

基于质心频移的无线电波透视层析成像

介绍了质心频移的基本理论,在频域内对信号质心频移进行了数值模拟,数值模拟表明,接收信号的质心频率向零点发生了明显的漂移,验证了质心频移理论的正确性.对正方形异常体模型进行了频谱分析,可以看出穿过异常体的信号的振幅发生了明显的变化.根据正演模拟得到的数据,利用质心频移法对模型进行了层析成像,成像结果基本反映了异常体在模型中的位置,验证了质心频移法探测工作面异常体的有效性和可行性.     

SIMPLE PUSH-OVER ANALYSIS OF ASYMMETRIC BUILDINGS

A simple method for the non-linear static analysis of complex building structures subjected to monotonically increasing horizontal loading (push-over analysis) is presented. The method is designed to be a part of new methodologies for the seismic design and evaluation of structures. It is based on the extension of a pseudo-three-dimensional mathematical model of a building structure into the non-linear range. The structure consists of planar macroelements. For each planar macroelement, a simple bilinear or multilinear base shear–top displacement relationship is assumed. By a step-by-step analysis an approximate relationship between the global base shear and top displacement is computed. During the analysis the development of plastic hinges throughout the building can be monitored. The method has been implemented into a prototype computer program. In the paper the mathematical model, the base shear–top displacement relationships for different types of macroelements, and the step-by-step computational procedure are described. The method has been applied for the analysis of a symmetric and an asymmetric variant of a seven-storey reinforced concrete frame–wall building, as well as for the analysis of a complex asymmetric 21-storey reinforced concrete wall building. The influence of torsion on structural behaviour is discussed. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Kalman滤波在沉降监测数据处理中的应用

将卡尔曼滤波应用于建筑物变形监测数据分析,给出了离散卡尔曼滤波模型的建立思路及相应的精度评定公式,结合西安市某建筑物沉降观测数据,建立了相应的离散卡尔曼滤波数学模型,通过Matlab编程对观测数据进行处理,成果图像显示滤波值曲线与原始观测数据曲线的变化趋势基本一致。该模型较好地模拟了建筑物沉降的变化规律,对于改善沉降监测数据处理的精度效果非常理想。     

波前法在高层结构计算中的应用

概述了高层结构的分析方法，给出了高层结构计算的两种波前法计算过程。文末还给出了广东国际大厦（６３层）模型结构的计算结果，其实测值非常吻合。     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE METHOD OF SEISMIC INTENSITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DATA AND HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES

After destructive earthquakes, the assessment result of seismic intensity is an important decision-making basis for emergency rescue, recovery and reconstruction. This job requires higher timeliness by government and society. Because remote sensing technology is not affected by the terrible traffic conditions on the ground after the earthquake, large-scale seismic damage information in the earthquake area can be collected in a short time by the remote sensing image. The remote sensing technique plays a more and more important role in rapid acquisition of seismic damage information, emergency rescue decision-making, seismic intensity assessment and other work. On the basis of previous studies, this paper proposes a new method to assess seismic intensity by using remote sensing image, i.e. to interpret the building collapse rate of a residential quarter after an earthquake by high-resolution remote sensing images. If there already are detailed building data and building structure vulnerability matrix data of a residential area, we can calculate the building collapse rate under any intensity values in this residential area by using the theory of earthquake damage prediction. Assuming that the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing is equal to the building collapse rate predicted by using the existing data, it will be easy to calculate the actual seismic intensity of the residential area in this earthquake event. Based on this idea, according to the relevant standard specifications issued by China Earthquake Administration, this paper puts forward some functional models, such as the calculation model of building collapse rate based on remote sensing, the data matrix model of residential building structure, the prediction function matrix model of residential building collapse rate and the prediction model of residential building collapse rate. A formula for calculating seismic intensity by using remote sensing interpretation of collapse rate is also proposed. To test and verify the proposed method, this paper takes two neighboring blocks of Jiegu Town after the Yushu M7.1 earthquake in Qinghai Province as an example. The building structure matrix of the study block was constructed by using pre-earthquake 0.6m resolution satellite remote sensing image(QuickBird, acquired on November 6, 2004), post-earthquake 0.2m aerial remote sensing image(acquired by National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, April 15, 2010) and some field investigation data. The building collapse rate in the two blocks was calculated by using the interpretation results of seismic damage from the Remote Sensing Technology Coordinating Group of China Seismological Bureau. The seismic damage matrix of building structures in Yushu area is constructed by using the abundant scientific data of the scientific investigation team of the project “Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of the Yushu M7.1 Earthquake in Qinghai Province” of China Seismological Bureau. On this basis, the collapse rate prediction function of different structures in Yushu area is constructed. According to the prediction function of collapse rate and the building structure matrix of the two blocks, the building collapse rate under different intensity values is predicted, and the curve of intensity-collapse rate function is drawn. By comparing the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing and the intensity-collapse rate function curve of this two blocks, the seismic intensity of both blocks are calculated to be the same value: Ⅸ degree, which is consistent with the results of the field scientific investigation of the earthquake. The validation shows that the method proposed in this paper can effectively avoid the influence caused by the difference of seismic performance of buildings and accurately evaluate seismic intensity when using remote sensing technique. The method has certain application value for earthquake emergency work.     

克拉玛依市通讯新村12号住宅楼风振原因及减振效果评价

从克拉玛依市通讯新村12号住宅楼所处的自然环境条件、风振测试、楼房风荷载计算等方面,分析了12号楼房动力特性、楼房风振影响程度以及引起楼房风振原因。造成克拉玛依市通讯新村12号楼风振的原因是,该楼楼房基础互不相连,整体性差,而且楼房楼层高,基础浅,抗风能力差;其次是结构突出的0.5 m纵墙外挑墙垛,增强了风振响应。对该楼房采取减振措施后取得显著的减振效果,减振率达82%。     

地震作用下框架结构考虑累积损伤的算法及应用

将框架结构等效为剪切型模型,采用三线型刚度退化模型,考虑累积损伤效应对结构刚度产生的影响进行结构时程分析,并利用改进的Park-Ang损伤模型计算得到结构的损伤情况。表明结构的第一层损伤最为严重;地震序列不同,引起结构的损伤值也不相同。建议在结构设计的第二个阶段,考虑材料的累积损伤和地震能量吸收与耗散,更能体现出结构的最不利反应状态,有利于制定合理的结构抗震措施。     

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF BASE-ISOLATED SHEAR BEAMS BUMPING AGAINST STOPS

Base isolation requires a gap between the base-isolated building and its surroundings to provide space for the deformation of isolation system. Bumping against the surroundings may change the performance of the base-isolated building. In this study, the building is modelled as an elastic or inelastic shear beam and the surroundings is simplified as elastic or inelastic stops. The influence of stop stiffness, gap size and stop strength on the seismic response is studied. Numerical results indicate that the impact wave induced by the bumping can create an extremely high acceleration response in the shear beam, if the shear beam remains elastic. A non-linearly elastic stop model is observed to reduce the acceleration response. If the shear beam yields, the impact wave cannot propagate through the shear beam and the shear beam remains in the low acceleration response except for the base. Changing the stop stiffness or stop strength has little effect on the distribution of ductility demand along the shear beam. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

液压质量控制系统(HMS)的分析模型及其对底层柔性建筑抗震控制的分析

本文着重阐述HMS系统的振动控制机理及其分析模型。在对试验结果分析的基础上,建立了HMS系统考虑其油液压缩性的“可压缩弹性”分析模型(简称“弹性”模型)。试验与分析证明,以该模型描述HMS的系统的工作状态是符合实际的。本文以所建立的“弹性”分析模型,对HMS系统各参数对底层柔性建筑抗震控制体系减震效果影响的规律性进行了详细的计算分析,得出了一些结论,这些结论对实际工程抗震控制设计是非常有意义的。     

地震模拟振动台振动对建筑物中人体的舒适感的影响分析

本文给出了一种地震模拟振劝台振运对建筑物中人体的舒适感影响的分析方法，并结合实例进行了具体分析。文中给出的分析方法和实例计算结果对于地震馆的设计有一定参考价值。     

震后经济损失及人员伤亡快速预估方法

为快速了解破坏性地震发生后建筑物破坏所造成的人员伤亡和经济损失,合理投入救灾所需人、财、物,便于领导决策和指挥,提出震后经济损失和人员伤亡快速预估方法。依据地震发生的基本参数、地震地质条件等预估灾害范围、建筑物破坏程度、经济损失、人员伤亡等情况,给出地震发生早期影响尺度的快速预测结果。