结构动力反应分析中的一种显式输入反演方法

本文简要总结，评述了结构动力反应分析中两类输入反演方法（脉动函数法和直接时域法）的优缺点，在此基础上通过应用文献[1]中提出的3阶显式方法，获得了一个关于结构输入反演问题的新解法－显式直接时域法，新方法集合了脉冲函数法和直接时域法的优点，既可按显式求解动力微方程，又适用于非线性系统的动力反演问题，最后，通过算例对该方法进行了数值验证。     

粘弹性层状地基动力柔度系数的半解析解

本文以三次样条函数和傅氏级数作为求解空间的基函数,应用基于复阻尼理论的Lagrange方程求计算粘弹性层状半无限地基在表面单位简谐力作用下的动力柔度阵。这种半解析半离散方法,将二维问题降为一维数值问题处理,同时利用了样条函数良好的插值性能和傅氏级数的正交性,大幅度节省计算工作量和内存要求,便于利用微机实现,并具有较高的计算精度,从而为进一步建立复杂地基的动力刚度阵和研究结构与地基相互作用问题提供一个简便有效的数值计算工具。     

脉冲型地震动作用下隔震结构动力响应的影响参数研究

通过对隔震结构进行非线性动力响应分析,分别研究地震动参数和支座参数对结构地震响应的影响。首先,建立铅芯橡胶支座基础隔震结构的非线性运动方程;然后,以人工合成脉冲型地震动作为输入,运用MATLAB进行编程并求解结构在脉冲型地震动作用下的地震响应;最后,分别研究速度脉冲周期、支座屈服力、屈服后与屈服前的刚度比对隔震支座最大位移和上部结构层间位移的影响。研究结果表明,脉冲周期对结构地震响应影响很大,在进行隔震设计时应使结构自振周期远离脉冲周期;支座刚度比对结构地震响应影响较大,在进行支座选型时应重点关注;支座屈服力对支座位移的影响显著,屈服力越大,支座位移越小。     

冲击环境下非线性岩土与相邻多个结构的相互作用

本文讨论了冲击波作用下非线性弹性岩土与相邻多个结构的相互作用问题。从文[1]给出的各阶渐近方程出发,利用复变函数构造了逼近这个问题的渐近解的完备的函数序列,将问题归结为对一组线性代数方程的求解。作为例子,文中计算了相邻双圆柱结构在冲击波作用下动力响应的位移和应力的结果。     

结构动力分析的非线性拟动力方程法

本文在时间步长△t内用二次曲线来拟合动力反应的速度和加速度时程曲线，并且得到了求解结构动力响应的拟动力方程。由于可直接由动力方程求解动力反应，因而物理概念明确，可克服计算中误差积累问题，并且与线性法相比，在保证计算精度的条件下，可减少时间步长的划分，提高运算速度。     

结合动量方程及显式γ函数法的拟动力试验方法

研究了一种适合实时或快速拟动力试验的数值积分方法--动量方程方法,阐述了动量方程方法的原理,结合显式γ函数法求解隐式方程,得到了拟动力试验实用的显式位移表达式.选用合适的参数,对一根悬臂钢柱进行了拟动力试验.试验结果与中心差分法得到的试验结果吻合较好,从而验证了积分方法的可行性和有效性,可以作为速度相关型结构或构件拟动力试验的数值积分方法.     

两相饱和介质中的集中力点源Green函数

通过对两相饱和介质 Ｂｉｏｔ 方程的变换,利用 Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ 方程和 Ｈｅｌｍ ｈｏｌｔｚ 方程性质,求解得到两相饱和介质在集中力点源作用下的位移场 Ｇｒｅｅｎ 函数     

摩擦耗能框架体系动力分析

采用粘性屈服模型来模拟摩擦耗能器的力－速度关系。建立了带有摩擦耗能器体系的动力分析8方法，采用增量型Rosenbrock二阶三阶半隐式Runge-Kutta法求解动力方程，得到了带有摩擦耗能器单层框架在正弦波激励下反应的解析解，并据此验证粘性屈服模型及求解动力方程算法的正确性，分析了摩擦耗能器的起滑力和支撑刚度对耗能减振效果的影响。     

桥塔涡激共振可靠性简化计算方法

针对桥塔在风载荷下的涡激共振可靠性问题,在涡激振动机理与频率锁定现象研究基础上,提出一种计算桥塔涡激振动可靠性的简化方法.将临界风速结合Re数和Strouhal数建立涡激共振下桥塔安全裕度方程,并引入AFOSM求解方法解决非线性问题,利用MATLAB进行可靠性求解程序编制,在保证计算精度的同时大大降低了桥塔涡激振动可靠...     

二维波动方程约束反演的大范围收敛广义脉冲谱方法

针对二维波动方程，将大范围收敛的同伦 方法引入算子参数识别反演的过程，并结合求解不适定问题的Tikhonov正则化方法，设计了二维波动方程反演的大范围收敛广义脉冲谱方法，并利用测井资料进行了约束反演. 大量 的数值模拟结果以及抗噪实验均表明了方法的有效性.     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.