Ore-forming elements diffusion and distribution in the altered host rock surrounding the Koktokay No.3 pegmatite in the Chinese Altay

Petrography and geochemistry of the altered and unaltered host rocks surrounding the Koktokay No.3 pegmatite revealed that the unaltered amphibolite is mainly composed of hornblende, plagioclase, and ilmenite.Beyond these primary components, the altered host rocks contain a few newly formed minerals, including biotite,tourmaline, chlorine, and muscovite. The alteration zone surrounding the Koktokay No.3 pegmatite is limited to 2.0 m, characterized by biotitization, tourmalization, and chloritization. In the altered host rocks, the contents of SiO_2, MgO, MnO, Na_2O, and TiO_2 did not vary greatly.However, Al_2O_3 showed a weak decreasing trend with the increasing distance from the pegmatite contact zone, while Fe_2O_3 and CaO showed an increasing trend. The contents of Li, Rb, and Cs in the altered host rocks were much higher than those in the unaltered host rocks, decreasing with distance from the contact. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element(REE) pattern of the altered and unaltered host rock was right-inclined from La to Lu, but enriched in light REEs over heavy REEs after hydrothermal alteration. An isocon plot shows that some oxides migrated in with an order of P_2O_5K_2O TiO_2Al_2O_3SiO_2MnO≥MgO, while others migrated out with an order of Na_2O CaO Fe_2O_3. For REEs, the migration ratios are positive values withCs Rb Li Nb Ta Be, signifying that all REEs migrated from the exsolved magmatic fluid into the altered host rocks. It was concluded that diffusion was the only mechanism for migration of ore-forming elements in the alteration zone. The effective diffusion coefficients(Deff)of LiF, RbF, and CsF were estimated under a fluid temperature of 500–550 °C. Using a function of concentration(C(x,t)) and distance(x), the order of migration distance was determined to be LiF CsF RbF, with diffusion times of (3.39 ± 0.35)× 10~6,(3.19 ± 0.28) × 10~5 and(6.33 ± 0.05) × 10~5 years, respectively.     

皖南中生代早期成矿和晚期非成矿花岗岩成因对比

皖南地区燕山期岩浆作用强烈,可划分为早阶段(152~137Ma)和晚阶段(136~122Ma).野外调查发现,屯溪地区沿青山-长陔发育一条燕山期花岗岩带,与钼多金属矿床具有密切的成因关系.黄山岩体是皖南地区代表性的正长花岗岩体,目前尚未发现与成矿有关.锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果表明,青山-长陔带4个花岗岩体的形成时代一致,介于(140±4)~(141±2)Ma,属于燕山期早阶段岩浆作用.黄山花岗岩体的形成时代为(129±2)Ma,属于晚阶段岩浆作用,青山-长陔带花岗岩具有较高的SiO_2含量,相对富K_2O、低P_2O_5以及中等程度的Al_2O_3含量,属于高钾钙碱性系列准铝质Ⅰ型花岗岩.这些岩石均表现出富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素,中等程度的Eu负异常,为岛弧或大陆壳源岩浆地球化学特征.样品的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(t)介于0.7120~0.7125,ε_(Nd)(t)值为-7.24~-4.38,锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为-4.4~6.7,类似于同时期皖南成矿花岗闪长岩.综合地球化学研究表明,皖南燕山期成矿花岗闪长岩为中-新元古代增生加厚下地壳部分熔融的产物,而青山-长陔带花岗岩为这种岩浆经过斜长石+角闪石+上溪群的结晶分异同化混染(AFC)过程形成.黄山花岗岩富SiO_2和K_2O,Al_2O_3含量中等,具有海鸥式稀土元素配分型式和显著的Eu负异常.相比青山-长陔带花岗岩,黄山岩体具有更加显著的Ba、Sr、P和Ti的负异常,没有Nb和Ta的亏损,为高钾钙碱性准铝质A型花岗岩,其ε_(Hf)(t)值介于-6.6~-1.2,类似于早阶段成矿花岗闪长岩.黄山花岗岩同样起源于中-新元古代增生地壳的深熔作用,但岩浆源区为经过了燕山期早阶段Ⅰ型中酸性岩浆抽取后的残留麻粒岩质地壳.两期花岗岩的比较研究表明,早阶段花岗岩形成于相对厚的下地壳环境,温度较低,源区为中-新元古代增生地壳,富含成矿物质,岩浆AFC演化过程进一步加强了成矿物质的富集;而晚阶段A型花岗岩起源深度较浅,形成温度更高,源区由于早期的岩浆抽取作用而亏损成矿物质,从而成矿能力较弱,指示从早至晚,岩浆作用阶段从后造山转变为非造山.后者对应着古太平洋板块俯冲角度加大背景下的弧后拉张环境.     

风尘堆积中SiO_2/Al_2O_3值与粒度的关系及其对东亚冬季风的指示意义

在渭南及洛川剖面将基本未经历风化的黄土样品分离成8个粒级后进行化学分析,结果表明,<50 μm的各粒级样品中SiO_2/Al_2O_3分子比与粒度φ值呈明显线性负相关,即在<50 μm粒级范围内颗粒越粗,黄土的SiO_2/Al_2O_3值越大;而<50 μm各粒级的含量之和占全岩的98％以上.在黄土层中,SiO_2/Al_2O_3与全岩粒度变化有较好的可对比性,而在古土壤中SiO_2/Al_2O_3值反映出一系列全岩粒度无法揭示的信息.     

华北克拉通北缘包头东正长岩的成因:来自岩石矿物学和地球化学的证据

包头东正长岩位于内蒙古包头市东,阴山南麓,是华北克拉通北缘三叠纪碱性岩带最西端的岩体.本文对此岩体进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、矿物化学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素的研究,讨论了其成因及源区地幔性质.岩体由霞石辉石正长岩和碱性长石正长岩组成,锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄为(214.7±1.1)Ma,为晚三叠世岩浆活动的产物.单斜辉石(从核部到边部,成分由透辉石向霓石-普通辉石演化),黑云母,正长石和霞石是岩体主要组成矿物.岩体稀土总量较高,稀土配分模式为右倾,无明显铕异常;相对富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Ba、Sr和Pb),亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素(如Nb、Ta和Ti);具有富集的Sr-Nd同位素组成,初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr为0.7061~0.7067,εNd(t)值为–9.0~–11.2.矿物学和地球化学数据揭示包头东正长岩属于硅不饱和钾质-超钾质碱性岩岩浆系列,高CaO、Fe_2O_3、K_2O、Na_2O含量,低SiO_2含量,富水,高温,高氧逸度;岩体起源于位于石榴石稳定区富含金云母的古老,富集岩石圈地幔.包括包头东正长岩在内的华北克拉通北缘三叠纪钾质碱性岩带的发育,揭示华北克拉通北缘下覆岩石圈地幔受到了来自古亚洲洋俯冲板片(及上覆沉积物)流体/熔体的交代改造;晚三叠世,华北克拉通北缘已经进入了被破坏大陆边缘的强烈伸展演化阶段.     

Zircon saturation model in silicate melts:a review and update

Zircon stability in silicate melts—which can be quantitatively constrained by laboratory measurements of zircon saturation—is important for understanding the evolution of magma.Although the original zircon saturation model proposed by Watson and Harrison(Earth Planet Sci Lett 64(2):295-304,1983) is widely cited and has been updated recently,the three main models currently in use may generate large uncertainties due to extrapolation beyond their respective calibrated ranges.This paper reviews and updates zircon saturation models developed with temperature and compositional parameters.All available data on zircon saturation ranging in composition from mafic to silicic(and/or peralkaline to peraluminous)at temperatures from 750 to 1400℃ were collected to develop two refined models(1 and 2) that may be applied to the wider range of compositions.Model 1 is given by lnC_(Zr)(melt)=(14.297±0.308)+(0.964 ± 0.066).M-(11113±374)/r,and model 2 given by lnC_(Zr)(melt)=(18.99±0.423)-(1.069±0.102)·lnG-(12288±593)/T,where C_(Zr)(melt) is the Zr concentration of the melt in ppm and parameters M [=(Na+K+2 Ca)/(Al·Si)](cation ratios) and G [=(3·Al_2 O_3+SiO_2)/(Na_(2-)O+K_2 O+CaO+MgO+FeO)](molar proportions)represent the melt composition.The errors are at one sigma,and T is the temperature in Kelvin.Before applying these models to natural rocks,it is necessary to ensure that the zircon used to date is crystallized from the host magmatic rock.Assessment of the application of both new and old models to natural rocks suggests that model 1 may be the best for magmatic temperature estimates of metaluminous to peraluminous rocks and that model 2 may be the best for estimating magmatic temperatures of alkaline to peralkaline rocks.     

Neoproterozoic highly fractionated Ⅰ-type granitoids of Shillong Plateau,Meghalaya, Northeast India: geochemical constraints on their petrogenesis

There are several Pan-African granitoid plutons widely distributed in Shillong Plateau,NE India.Nongpoh(506.7 ± 7 Ma) and Mylliem(480-430 Ma) plutons were chosen for the petrological and geochemical study to constrain their petrogenesis.Nongpoh pluton consists of coarse-grained porphyritic quartz-monzogranite(NQM)and Mylliem pluton consists of medium to coarse-grained porphyritic granite(MG).The constituent minerals are K-feldspar,plagioclase,quartz,and biotite in both granitoids with accessory minerals of hornblende,zircon,sphene,and ilmenite.Both NQM and MG are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous(A/CNK=0.82-1.06),exhibit varied ranges of SiO_2(NQM:58.4-64.9 wt%;MG:66.9-69.9 wt%),and display a clear compositional gap in the Harker variation diagram.NQM contains higher abundances of CaO,MgO and Fe2O_3~t and similar K_2O and total alkali contents compared to MG.They have distinctive geochemical features typical of highly fractionated I-type granitoids such as higher abundances of K_2O,Al_2O_3,MgO,CaO,Al_2O_3+ CaO 15 wt% and A/CNK 1.1,low P_2O_5 content,enrichment in LILE,depletion in HFSE and HREE and highly fractionated REE patterns with moderate Eu anomalies,implying magma generation in a post-collisional extension setting and thinning induced asthenosphere upwelling,accompanied by the partial melting of the overlying enriched lithospheric mantle.The multi-element diagram of both NQM and MG shows pronounced negative anomalies at Ba,Nb,Sr,P,Zr,and Ti which implies a major role of crystal fractionation in their petrogenesis.High concentrations of Th,U,and Pb in the granitoid types point to additional involvement of crustal components in their generation.However,MGs with more pronounced positive spikes at U,Th,and Pb compared to NQM in multi-element diagram suggests the involvement of more felsic crustal material.The observed geochemical features of the granitoid types thus suggest that they are genetically unrelated to each other and their parental magmas were modified during magmatic differentiation processes.We suggest that the NQM and MG were formed as a result of fractional crystallization of compositionally diverse hybrid magmas produced due to mingling and mixing of an enriched lithospheric mantle-derived melts with lower crust-and middle crust-derived melts respectively during a period of extension late in the cycle of PanAfrican orogeny.     

南岭中-晚侏罗世含铜铅锌与含钨花岗岩的成因差异:以湘南铜山岭和魏家矿床为例

南岭地区中-晚侏罗世含铜铅锌与含钨花岗岩的矿物学和地球化学特征截然不同.含铜铅锌花岗岩主要为准铝质含角闪石的花岗闪长岩,具有较高的CaO/(Na_2O+K_2O)比值、LREE/HREE比值和δEu值,较低的Rb/Sr比值,Ba、Sr、P、Ti轻微亏损,分异演化程度较低.含钨花岗岩为高分异演化的过铝质花岗岩,其CaO/(Na_2O+K_2O)比值、LREE/HREE比值和δEu值较低,Rb/Sr比值较高,Ba、Sr、P、Ti强烈亏损.含铜铅锌花岗岩主要形成于155.2~167.0Ma,峰值为160.6Ma,含钨花岗岩主要形成于151.1~161.8Ma,峰值为155.5Ma,两者存在约5Ma的时差.在湘南铜山岭含铜铅锌和魏家含钨花岗岩系统研究基础上,结合南岭地区中-晚侏罗世含铜铅锌与含钨花岗岩的对比,提出了两类含矿花岗岩的成因模式.古太平洋板块俯冲导致软流圈上涌和玄武质岩浆底侵.底侵玄武质岩浆加热促使下地壳镁铁质角闪岩相基底首先发生部分熔融,形成与铜铅锌矿化有关的花岗闪长质岩浆.随着玄武质岩浆底侵,中-上地壳富白云母变质沉积基底发生部分熔融,形成与钨矿化有关的花岗质岩浆.花岗岩源区成分的差异导致花岗岩成矿专属性不同,源区部分熔融的时间先后导致了含铜铅锌与含钨花岗岩之间存在5Ma左右的时差.     

中国源区粉尘的元素示踪

中国北方沙漠12个地点大气气溶胶粒子中10种粉尘元素的浓度-粒度分布显示,沙漠粉尘是黄土高原风成黄土的源物质,粉尘在间冰期气候条件下的传输受控于正常的大气搬运过程,冰期黄土的堆积过程中尘暴的影响明显增强。基于4种粉尘元素(Al,Fe,Mg,Sc)的组配特征,发现中国粉尘的主要源区-中国北方沙漠存在3个可统计分辨的区域,即西北部沙漠、北部沙漠高粉尘区和北部沙漠低粉尘区。应用化学平衡模式,建立了中国源区粉尘的元素示踪系统。     

U–Pb dating and geochemistry of granite porphyry dykes in the Xicha gold–(silver) deposit,southern Jilin Province,China,and their metallogenic significance

We report U–Pb dating of zircon,as well as geochemical and Hf isotope data,in order to constrain the formation time,magma source,and tectonic setting of granite porphyry dykes in the Xicha gold–(silver) district in southern Jilin Province,Northeast China.The zircon grains are euhedral–subhedral,display oscillatory growth zoning and have Th/U ratios varying between 0.11 and 0.78,which together imply a magmatic origin.The dating results indicate the porphyry formed in the Early Cretaceous (122±1 Ma)and it contains SiO_2=70.64–72.31 wt%,Al_2O_(3-)=13.99–14.64 wt%,K_2O+Na_2O=6.96–7.81 wt%K_2O/Na_2O=1.24–2.10,and A/CNK=1.11–1.41.Chemically,the porphyry belongs to a high-K calc-alkaline S-type granite.Chondrite-normalized rare earth elements (REE)patterns show LREE enrichment,light rare earth elements(LREE)/heavy rare earth elements (HREE)=9.93–11.97(La/Yb)_N=11.08–15.16,and d Eu=0.69–0.95.On the trace element spider diagram,large ion lithophile elements such as Rb,Ba,K,Th,and U are enriched,whereas the high field strength elements Ti and P are depleted.The e Hf(t) values of zircon from the granite porphyry vary between-17.1 and-13.2,and their Hf two-stage model ages vary from 2.01 to 2.26 Ga,implying that the magma was derived from partial melting of old lower crust.The granite porphyry dykes and many A-type granites in the region formed at the same time,suggesting an extensiona environment.The combination of the occurrence of strong magmatism,large-scale mineralization,and extensiona tectonics throughout much of Eastern China indicate that the Early Cretaceous was a period of significant lithospheric thinning.The southern Jilin Province,therefore,experienced lithospheric thinning during the Early Cretaceous.     

Geochemistry of subsurface Late Quaternary ironstones in Rajshahi and Bogra Districts,Bangladesh: implications for genetic and depositional conditions

The present study deals with the geochemistry of Late Quaternary ironstones in the subsurface in Rajshahi and Bogra districts, Bangladesh with the lithological study of the boreholes sediments. Major lithofacies of the studied boreholes are clay, silty clay, sandy clay, fine to coarse grained sand, gravels and sands with(fragmentary) ironstones. The ironstones contain major oxides, Fe_2 O_3*(*total Fe)(avg. 66.6 wt%), SiO_2(avg. 15.3 wt%), Al_2 O_3(avg. 4.0 wt%), MnO(avg. 7.7 wt%), and CaO(avg. 3.4 wt%). These geochemical data imply that the higher percentage of Fe_2 O_3* along with Al_2 O_3 and MnO indicate the ironstone as goethite and siderite, which is also validated by XRD data. A comparatively higher percentage of SiO_2 indicates the presence of relative amounts of clastic quartz and manganese-rich silicate or clay in these rocks. These ironstones also have significant amounts of MnO(avg. 7.7 wt%) suggesting their depositional environments under oxygenated condition. Chemical data of these ironstones suggest that the source rock suffered deep chemical weathering and iron was mostly carried in association with the clay fraction and organic matter. Iron concretion was mostly formed by bacterial build up in swamps and marshes, and was subsequently embedded in clayey mud.Within the coastal environments, the water table fluctuates and goethite and siderite with mud and quartz became dry and compacted to form ironstone.     

Copper partitioning between granitic silicate melt and coexisting aqueous fluid at 850 °C and 100 MPa

Experiments on the partitioning of Cu between different granitic silicate melts and the respective coexisting aqueous fluids have been performed under conditions of 850 °C, 100 MPa and oxygen fugacity(f O_2) buffered at approaching Ni–Ni O(NNO). Partition coefficients of Cu(DCu= cfluid/cmelt) were varied with different alumina/alkali mole ratios [Al_2O_3/(Na_2O·K_2O), abbreviated as Al/Alk], Na/K mole ratios, and Si O_2 mole contents. The DCu increased from 1.28 ± 0.01 to 22.18 ± 0.22 with the increase of Al/Alk mole ratios(ranging from 0.64 to 1.20)and Na/K mole ratios(ranging from 0.58 to 2.56). The experimental results also showed that DCuwas positively correlated with the HCl concentration of the starting fluid.The DCuwas independent of the Si O_2 mole content in the range of Si O_2 content considered. No DCuvalue was less than 1 in our experiments at 850 °C and 100 MPa, indicating that Cu preferred to enter the fluid phase rather than the coexisting melt phase under most conditions in the melt-fluid system, and thus a significant amount of Cu could be transported in the fluid phase in the magmatichydrothermal environment. The results indicated that Cu favored partitioning into the aqueous fluid rather than themelt phase if there was a high Na/K ratio, Na-rich, peraluminous granitic melt coexisting with the high Cl-fluid.     

中天山东段星星峡群变质泥质岩的地球化学特征及其对物源区和古风化作用的制约

中天山东段中元古代星星峡群变质泥质岩的常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素特征表明, 它们的Sr, Hf和Zr比后太古代页岩相对富集, 其他元素与NASC和PAAS特征相似. 星星峡群变质泥质岩Al₂O₃/TiO₂, Cr/Zr, Cr/Th和Th/Sc的比值和高Zr含量等表明源区物质以长英质岩石为主, 同时有少量铁镁质岩石的加入. REE配分模式表现轻、重稀土高度分馏特征, (La/Yb)_n的均值为18.6. 一些样品表现较小的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu* = 0.7~0.84), 表明物源中有不成熟的年轻弧物质的加入. 星星峡群变质泥质岩样品具有低的K₂O/Al₂O₃的比值, 表明源区物质中的碱性长石含量较低, 物源中斜长石和钾长石的比值为5:1, 在成分上相当于英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩. 低CIA值和高ICV值特征指示星星峡群变质泥质岩的物源区古风化程度较低, 沉积物的成分成熟度低. 地球化学特征也表明样品沉积在大陆岛弧体系下的弧后盆地构造背景.     

泌阳凹陷古近纪含碱岩系地球化学特征对成碱作用的指示意义

位于南襄盆地东部的泌阳凹陷为南断北超型断陷盆地,其古近纪核桃园组发育有世界上已知的最老沉积碱矿之一,即安棚碱矿.该含碱岩系包括细碎屑岩、泥质白云岩和层状碱矿层,其中碱矿层以重碳钠盐为主,含少量天然碱、芒硝和石盐.核桃园组三段上部-核二段含碱岩系中,白云质泥岩、泥质白云岩和碱矿层在Al2O3,TiO2,Na2O,MgO＋CaO和LOI含量上具有明显差别.Na2O/（MgO＋CaO）可用以指示Na碳酸盐相对于Mg-Ca碳酸盐的富集程度,据此可将泥质白云岩可分为〈0.6和〉0.6的两组.前者Na2O/（MgO＋CaO）与Al2O3＋TiO2含量呈正相关,随碎屑物质的减少倾向于形成纯的Mg-Ca碳酸盐岩,反映湖水蒸发量≤补给量,指示较潮湿气候;而后者中Na2O/（MgO＋CaO）与Al2O3＋TiO2含量呈反相关,随碎屑物质的减少向成碱方向发展,反映湖水蒸发量〉补给量,指示较干旱气候.以Al作为标准,从泥质白云岩到碱矿层,随Na2O/（MgO＋CaO）比值增大,Zr,Ti,La,K,Rb和Ba在碱矿层中明显相对富集,且PAAS（后太古宙平均页岩）标准化的Eu正异常也显著增强.结合碱矿层的高B含量及硅硼钠石的报道和区域伸展性构造背景的认识,该地球化学特征指示有深源热液流体通过边界深大断裂进入盆地而参与成碱过程.     

北祁连造山带老君山组沉积地球化学与物源分析

老君山组砾岩是北祁连造山带早泥盆世、中泥盆世强烈隆升阶段形成的陆相磨拉石沉积.由西到东,来自肃南、民乐、古浪和靖远的41件砂岩的岩石地球化学特征显著不同:①主量元素显示,西部(肃南、民乐)样品MgO+Fe2O3T值和Al2O3/SiO2值高于东部,而东部样品K2O/Na2O比值高于西部;②在上地壳标准化分布图中,所有样品均亏损Nb,Ta元素.其中西部样品亏损Rb元素,而富集Sc,Co,Ni,V和Cr元素.而东部样品亏损Sr元素且不富集Sc,Co,Ni,V和Cr元素;③稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分配型式均显示右倾型,而LaN/YbN比值和Eu/Eu*值西部样品较低,而东部样品较高.岩石地球化学特征表明,老君山组源岩在东西两段上存在差异.西部肃南一带源岩主要为铁镁质岩石,而东段古浪、靖远一带源岩主要为长英质岩石,民乐一带源岩兼具上述两种岩石特征.根据砾石形态以及沉积地球化学,老君山组沉积物主要以未遭受沉积分选和再循环作用的近源堆积为主,且西部源岩未遭受化学风化而东部遭受了低-中等程度的化学风化.大地构造背景判别和源岩限定,西部肃南一带沉积物可能主要来自于卷入造山带的北祁连岛弧,自民乐向东,沉积物既有来自北祁连岛弧的物...     

地幔矿物的氧同位素分馏

采用增量方法,计算了地幔矿物(特别是MgsiO_3和Mg_2SiO_4同质多相变体)的氧同位素分馏.结果表明,地幔矿物相之间存在如下~(18)O富集顺序:辉石(Mg,Fe,Ca)_2Si_2O_6>橄榄石(Mg,Fe)_2SiO_4>尖晶石型(Mg,Fe)_2SiO_4>铁铁矿型(Mg,Fe,Ca)SiO_3>钙钛矿型(Mg,Fe,Ca)SiO_3.如果地幔内部处于氧同位素完全平衡状态,由于地幔不同深度矿物相化学组成与晶体结构的差异,预计过渡带中尖晶石结构的硅酸盐矿物比下地幔钙钛矿结构的硅酸盐矿物相对富集~(18)O,但相对于上地幔中的橄榄石和辉石亏损~(18)O,从而出现地幔的氧同位素分层.如果假定全球范围同位素平衡,地球内部的化学结构可用下述~(18)O富集顺序来描述:上地壳>下地壳>上地幔>过渡带>下地幔>地核.     

中国东部沙漠/沙地全新世地层序列及其古环境

通过对比中国东部沙漠/沙地典型地层序列的年代和古环境代用指标,文章揭示了中国东部沙漠-沙地全新世以来的地表环境变化特征及其对古气候变化的响应.风沙-古土壤沉积序列中一系列的古环境代用指标和光释光测年数据显示:(1)库布齐沙漠大规模现代沙丘景观形成于全新世时期;并在4~2ka期间普遍发育古土壤,指示了该时段区域降水量或有效湿度增加并促进了植被生长,风沙活动减弱,进而导致有机质累积、土壤发育;最近2ka沙丘大规模的扩张除了受自然因素影响,还与人类活动密不可分,丰富的沙源和人类活动共同促成了该沙漠现代景观的形成.(2)浑善达克沙地现代沙丘景观可能形成于12ka左右,而在此之前浑善达克沙地西部应是一个大湖;在9.6~3ka期间,浑善达克沙地比现代明显湿润,普遍发育古土壤,然而风沙活动并未完全停止;全新世湿润期在该沙地可能具有穿时性,沙地东部气候条件的转好早于西部.(3)呼伦贝尔沙地的古土壤早在14.5ka便开始发育,可能一直延续到最近2ka.中国东部各个沙地的古土壤发育具有高度的空间异质性,甚至各个沙地内部不同地点的古土壤发育时间也不一致,但是总体上中全新世(尤其是在7.5~3.5ka)各个沙地趋于固定,风沙活动强度显著减弱.近十年来中国东部沙地的古环境记录数量迅速增长,但是已经发表的数据数量与中国东部沙地广大的空间范围仍然不匹配,要全面理解中国北方风沙活动与气候变化的关系还需对更多的风沙沉积剖面进行深入研究.     

昆明地区重力固体潮观测的初步结果

本文报道了昆明地区1975年4月12到1979年2月28日的重力固体潮观测的结果。几个主要日波(O_1,K_1)和半日波(M_2,S_2,N_2)的振幅比例系数δ和位相差α是:δ(O_1)=1.144±O.006。α(O_1)=-O.4度。δ(K_1)=1.117±0.003。α(K_1)=-0.2度。δ(O_1)-δ(K_1)=O.027。δ(N_2)=1.135±0.002。α(M_2)=O.2度。δ(S_2)=1.136±0.005。α(S_2)=0.4度。δ(N_2)=1.150±0.014。α(N_2)=O.8度。并给出了振幅比例系数δ有可能随时间变化的例子。     

云南阳宗海表层沉积物有机质组成结构对磷赋存形态特征的影响

利用连续提取分级的方法定量分析阳宗海表层沉积物磷赋存形态,阐明了沉积物C、N、H和O组成及溶解有机质(DOM)紫外-可见光谱特征,探讨沉积物元素组成及DOM组成结构对不同形态磷含量的影响.结果表明:(1)沉积物潜在可移动磷含量在68.67~124.70 mg/kg之间变化,平均占总磷含量的9.81%,表现为BD-PNa OH-nr PNH_4Cl-P;沉积物稳定磷含量在496.73~908.28 mg/kg之间变化,平均占总磷含量的60.86%.(2)沉积物C、N含量和疏水性DOM光谱参数A_(240-400)表现出北部高、南部低的变化趋势,但H/C、O/C和(N+O)/C摩尔比和亲水性DOM光谱参数A_(240-400)变化趋势则与之恰好相反.(3)沉积物NH4Cl-P含量与C、N和H含量之间呈显著正相关,但与H/C、O/C、(N+O)/C摩尔比和亲水性DOM光谱参数E_2/E_3值之间呈显著负相关;NaOH-rP和BD-P+NaOH-rP含量均与O含量及O/H摩尔比呈显著负相关;NaOH-rP、BD-P+NaOH-rP和HCl-P均与疏水性DOM光谱参数A_(240-400)值之间呈显著正相关.因此,天然有机质元素组成及官能团结构是影响沉积物磷赋存形态的重要因素.     

Boninitic geochemical characteristics of high-Mg mafic dykes from the Singhbhum Granitoid Complex,Eastern India

The high-Mg mafic dykes from the Singhbhum Granitoid Complex in East India have geochemical characteristics[e.g.,enrichment of the large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements(LREEs) relative to high field strength elements(HFSEs):high-MgO(8%),high-SiO_2(52%),low-TiO_2(0.5%),and high CaO/Al_2O_3(0.58)]similar to those found in boninitic/noritic rocks.Their high percentage of orthopyroxene as a mafic mineral and of plagioclase as a felsic mineral,and normative hypersthene content greater than diopside content are also indications of their boninitic/noritic affinity.On a triangular diagram of MgO-CaO-Al_2O_3 and on binary diagrams of Ti/V vs Ti/Sc and TiO_2 vs Zr,these samples show geochemical similarities with Phanerozoic boninites and Paleoproterozoic high-Mg norites.On major and trace element variation diagrams,these dykes show a normal crystallization trend and their Nb/La(0.5) and Nb/Ce(0.21) values lower than average bulk crust(0.69 and0.33,respectively) suggest no crustal contamination.Their low values of Rb/Sr(0.11-0.41) and Rb/Ba(0.10-0.27)also suggest little or no effect of post magmatic processes.Their TiO_2(0.27-0.50),Al_2O_3/TiO_2(19.30-42.48),CaO/TiO_2(12.96-32.52),and Ti/V(12-18) values indicate derivation from a depleted mantle source under oxidizing conditions such as a mantle wedge.Ni vs Zr modeling shows that the studied high-Mg dykes were generated by25-30%melting of a refractory mantle source.Enrichment of Rb,Th,U,Pb,Sr,and LREEs,and depletion of HFSEs—especially Nb,P,Ti,Zr—on primitive mantle—and chondrite-normalized spider diagrams,respectively,are clear signals that the slab-derived component played an important role in the formation of melts for these rocks in a supra-subduction zone setting.     

冀东太古宙奥长花岗质岩石的成因模拟

作为TTG质岩石的一个重要组成部分,一般认为奥长花岗质岩石是基性岩部分熔融的产物,但在很多TTG片麻岩地体中,如在冀东麻粒岩相区的奥长花岗岩呈较小的岩脉、侵入体,或者呈英云闪长质片麻岩中的浅色体产出,显示近原地熔融成因.本文以冀东地区英云闪长质片麻岩样品J13为基础,并结合锆石定年研究,探讨该区奥长花岗质岩石的成因,模拟在不同压力(0.7、1.0和2.0GPa)下发生的变质熔融反应以及熔体的常量、微量元素成分特征.结果表明,英云闪长质片麻岩在石榴二辉麻粒岩相条件下,如0.9~1.1GPa/800~850℃,发生角闪石脱水熔融,熔融程度为5~10wt.%,残余物中石榴石含量为5~10wt.%时,产生的熔体的成分与冀东奥长花岗质岩石有很大的相似性,如La/Yb值高,Yb含量低等,但模拟熔体的常量元素成分相对高K2O、低CaO、Mg~#偏低,表明冀东奥长花岗岩脉体和浅色体可能包含了部分残余矿物并受到结晶分异的影响.锆石定年结果表明,研究区英云闪长质片麻岩原岩结晶年龄为(2518±12)Ma,变质年龄为(2505±19)Ma,奥长花岗质岩脉的结晶年龄为(2506±6)Ma,二者之间存在密切成因联系.