地震信息安全管理现状及策略研究

随着网络和信息技术的发展,信息安全建设已经成为信息化建设的重要组成部分。网络信息安全问题已经上升为一个关系到国家前途的战略高度的问题。信息安全这门处于蓬勃发展中的科学,将会越来越密切地关系到社会的各行各业。本文分析了地震信息安全管理的现状,并着重讨论了加强地震信息安全管理的策略。     

内蒙古地震信息网络系统信息安全策略

以内蒙古自治区地震信息网络系统为例,分析该系统信息安全现状及风险,发现主要存在恶意入侵、病毒感染、用户信息安全意识薄弱、安全设备防护能力不足、地震行业内安全制度不健全等问题。为此提出加强信息安全体系建设、软硬件设备投入与信息技术有效融合等适合该区域地震信息网络系统的信息安全管理和防护策略,为国家地震烈度速报与预警工程项目建设提供参考依据。     

建立地震信息服务系统的网络安全管理体系的探索

以国际信息安全标准BS7799/ISO17799为信息安全管理体系的准则,根据《中国地震局信息安全等级保护建设方案》的相关要求和规定,通过分析信息网络的层次关系,在科学的安全框架之上,探讨建立以防火墙系统、VPN应用系统、网络反病毒软件,以及入侵检测系统(IDS)安全策略为核心的地震信息服务系统网络安全管理体系构。     

地震行业信息安全体系建设

分析地震行业信息系统的现状和需求,以及在当前环境下如何结合等级保护做好信息安全工作.以山东省地震局为例,通过对安全技术体系、安全管理体系的研究和利用IPsecVPN、UTM等技术构建自防御体系及该体系的整体部署、实施最终建立起一套信息安全体系.通过作者在该方面所做的工作,发现将该安全体系的研究成果应用到整个地震行业信息业务中具有很重要的实际意义.     

中国地震预警技术测试平台建设与应用

为解决国内地震预警专业软硬件稳定性和可靠性不足、列装测试不充分的技术难题,尽可能降低地震预警系统运行的风险,建设了专业化的中国地震预警技术测试平台。该平台构建了软件和硬件两大测试系统,明确了测试方法、测试用例、测试流程和评价指标,具备在线功能测试、离线回溯测试、预警信息测试和信息安全测试等功能模块。通过系统性测试和综合评估测试结果,为地震预警专业软硬件完善和升级提供科学依据,筑牢地震预警系统的安全防线。     

一个指挥系统的信息网络地震安全计划与实施

根据收集的美国FEMA等机构有关地震中信息网络运行的经验教训资料,综述了自然灾害和人为事件对信息网络系统冲击的对策研究。介绍了对一个灾难中指挥系统地震信息安全计划的自我风险评估。通过制定地震信息安全收集和传播计划,有效降低信息网络管理的风险。详细介绍了指挥系统信息网络的地震信息安全计划、突发事件响应计划和灾难恢复计划的编制程序。     

地震行业骨干网“一网双平面”架构

通过对地震行业现有骨干网络架构的优缺点进行分析,阐述"一网双平面"骨干网架构在地震行业骨干网的通信质量、可靠性、资源有效利用等优势,从建设成本、组网策略、业务分流、网络与信息安全等方面提供建议,为地震行业骨干网进一步优化、实现承载业务系统的安全高效运行提供参考。     

网络信息安全的模糊综合评判

通过分析网络信息安全的现状,提出了物理安全、逻辑安全和安全管理三个一级评判指标和26个二级评判指标,利用模糊综合评判方法对某单位局域网信息安全实例进行了评判,提出了一种基于圆形分布的隶属度分布函数,并进行了使用和验证。     

DCOM分布式软件技术在EIS中的研究和应用

在如今的网络和分布式计算时代,资源共享和信息安全越来越成为被关注的焦点。本文以胜利油田勘探数据库应用（EIS软件）作为切人点,探讨了如何利用COM＋技术构建可伸缩、可扩展的DCOM分布式软件系统。EIS软件用COM组件封装业务规则或通用的非功能性需求,并用COM＋环境承载COM组件;通过DCOM,这些COM组件可以通过网络被透明地访问。     

网络流量特征在新疆地震信息网应用的初步研究

目前网络攻击手段隐蔽而复杂,仅依赖于特征库检测技术已经无法阻止来自未知网络威胁。为解决此类问题,在网络管理运维中应用网络流量特征,对新疆地震信息网内部署网络进行全流量分析,探寻出正常网络流量网络特征,为识别网络攻击建立比对依据,以便快速感知可能存在的网络威胁,达到保障信息安全和业务平稳运行。     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

On the use of the autocorrelation method for estimating the depth to the magnetic basement

The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4.     

固体潮的地震预测研究与地球动力学研究之分析比较

本文分析了现行固体潮地震研究中的历史影响,对比研究了固体潮地震预测研究和固体潮地球动力学研究二者在振动频率、振动源体积、传输距离与介质等方面的地球物理特点与本质区别,强调了固体潮地震预测研究中最根本的工作是建立地震预测的目标和基本概念.     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise     

Macrobenthic communities of the Pechora Sea: the past and the present on the threshhold of the prirazlomnoye oil-field exploitation

On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors.     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

环太平洋俯冲带内双地震带及其成因机制研究进展

俯冲带作为地球最为庞大的循环系统的重要组成部分,已成为地球科学的研究热点之一.很多俯冲带,特别是环太平洋俯冲带内的中深源地震,在空间上呈明显的分层分布,并且各层地震具有不同的震源机制,即所谓的双地震带现象.本文简要介绍了环太平洋双地震带形态特征与震源机制的空间分布,并回顾了双地震带的几种成因模型.根据形态特征和震源机制的差异,中源深度的双地震带可以分为两类,其中,一类双地震带对应上、下二层分别为压缩和张性的地震分布;另一类双地震带的震源分布较浅,且其浅部地震以横向压缩为主.此外,日本本州东北俯冲带的地震分布可能是由三层地震带组成的,而且汤加、伊豆-小笠原地区还发现深源深度的双地震带.通过对双地震带的形态特征以及其热力学条件的研究,人们从抗弯作用、脱水脆化、相变断层等多方面,尝试建立解释双地震带成因的模型.目前,大多数研究利用数值计算结果,结合蛇纹石脱水脆化、相变断层模型,能够不同程度地分别解释中源和深源双地震带成因.不过,这些模型几乎相互独立,并不能同时解释中源和深源双地震带.有人试图尝试用统一模型解释中深源地震成因,例如,先前存在的断层模型,不过该模型还不很具有说服力.也可能是多种因素的联合作用,共同影响着俯冲板内的温度场、应力场分布.