基于DSSEM的核电厂房结构楼层反应谱分析

核电厂房的楼层反应谱在地基适应性分析以及设备的抗震设计中具有重要的意义,伴随着我国核电厂址条件的日趋复杂化,合理有效的无限地基模型成为需要解决的关键技术问题。为解决此问题,发展了基于阻尼溶剂逐步抽取法无限地基时域模型,进而耦合核电厂厂房结构,在有限元框架内建立了适用于非均质场地条件的核岛厂房-地基动力相互作用分析模型,并给出了该模型在通用有限元软件ANSYS嵌入的开发流程,以推进动力相互作用时域数值分析的实用化。以三维全空间中的球形空腔动力变形为例,针对上述开发模型进行了验证,并就不同无限地基模型对核电厂楼层加速度反应谱的影响进行了探讨。计算结果表明,该模型在求解复杂非均质地基条件下的核岛-地基相互作用问题具有良好的可靠性和工程适用性。     

无限元法在深覆盖层土石坝动力分析中的应用

以复杂地质条件的西藏高原地区旁多水电站实际工程为背景,探讨了有限元法与无限元法在深覆盖层悬挂式防渗墙土石坝结构非线性动力分析中的差异,分析和比较了无限元法和有限元法在西藏高原旁多水电站土石坝结构三维模型地震动响应的计算结果,验证了引入无限元法模拟西藏高原地区地基中复杂地质条件下的无限域或半无限域问题的可靠性和精确性。结果表明:在西藏高原地区复杂地质条件下,无限元法相比有限元法能量弥散现象较为明显。通过分析得到了西藏高原具有深覆盖层坝体结构地震动响应的规律性分析结果,为无限元法在西藏高原地区此类工程中的应用提供参考。     

考虑桩-土-结构动力相互作用的土质地基条件下核岛厂房地震响应分析

在有限元框架内以全耦合方式考虑群桩效应的影响,引入粘性人工边界模拟无限地基辐射阻尼效应,并采用等效线性法模拟地基非线性特征,建立了嵌岩桩-土-结构动力相互作用计算模型;基于此模型,以CPR1000核岛厂房结构为研究对象,综合对比分析原状土质地基条件下和嵌岩桩处理地基条件下核电厂房地震响应。研究结果可为类似地基条件下核岛厂房的抗震设计提供参考。     

核岛近区域复杂场地的波动场动力特性研究

核岛场地动力特性对核电站结构的地震响应有重要影响。输入波动场构成了结构-地基动力相互作用分析的完整的地震动输入条件,核岛近区域的复杂场地改变了输入波动场的动力特性。本文从工程抗震角度,以现有大型通用有限元软件ANSYS为基础,进行二次开发,建立全三维(3D)地基模型,并引入人工透射边界条件,模拟地基的辐射效应。采用传递函数的分析方法,输入位移脉冲函数,输出关注位置的位移响应。本文探讨了核电场地近区域存在水平软弱层、夹杂体以及开挖场地的输入波动场的动力特性。结果显示水平软弱层具有明显的放大低频、过滤高频的作用;夹杂体的位置和开挖深度对输入波动场的动力特性也有不同程度的改变。本文方法可为核电厂工程结构的抗震设计提供一定的技术依据。     

深圳老街地铁车站结构完全相互作用体系三维地震动力响应分析

为更深入认识复杂高层建筑相互作用体系的动力响应特性,结合具体工程背景分别采用罚函数算法和无限单元描述界面接触特性和动力边界,并在此基础上建立大规模深圳老街地铁车站上部结构-地下结构-地基完全相互作用体系三维有限元模型,针对场地土层对基岩输入地震动的影响,对地下连续墙动土压力变化规律以及结构动力响应特性进行了分析,对深圳老街地铁车站结构完全相互作用体系抗震性能进行了评价,可为相关工程设计和具体实践提供参考。     

基础动力刚度的精确数值解及集中参数模型

土－结构相互作用分析的关键是建立以土－结构界面定义的无限半空间的动力刚度矩阵。本文介绍了一种求解半无限地基动力刚度的新方法，通过两个算例验证了该方法的精度，并给出了一种利用频域刚性基础动力刚度计算基础时域荷载响应的实用方法，该研究为刚性基础设计提供了一种新的，可靠的理论方法。     

考虑强震激励的某核岛厂房非岩性地基不同处理方案的对比研究

如何选取非岩性地基的处理方案对于不满足抗震适应性要求的核岛厂房地基而言具有重要的工程实用价值。结合国内某内陆核电不符合抗震适应性要求的实际厂址条件,给出地基处理方案评价的数值计算模型及分析过程。首先针对该核电工程实际项目,提出嵌岩桩、CFG桩及水泥土搅拌桩三种地基预处理方案,并以规范法验证处理后地基的承载力要求;进而通过建立非岩性地基条件下的桩-土-结构动力相互作用计算模型来综合考虑各方案对核岛厂房的地震响应影响,其中通过引入黏性人工边界和能量传递边界模拟无限地基辐射阻尼效应,采用等效线性法描述近场地基非线性特征,并基于上述有限元模型以全耦合方式考虑群桩效应的影响;最后从满足厂址地基适应性和经济效益两方面进行综合评价,给出针对本工程的最佳设计方案。该分析方法及研究成果可为类似条件下的核岛厂房非岩性地基处理方案的比选问题提供借鉴与参考。     

动力相互作用分析中无质量地基的应用研究

关于结构-地基的动力相互作用分析已经提出了很多方法，但由于方法复杂而没有得到广泛应用，无质量地基模型仍然是应用最为广泛的近似方法。本文通过结构-地基的动力相互作用分析公式的推导，详细阐明了考虑无限地基影响的动力相互作用分析中无质量地基的概念和应用范围，并通过算例进行了说明。     

复杂地基条件下桩-土-核岛结构相互作用模型研究

合理有效地模拟桩-土-结构动力相互作用是软土地基条件下核岛厂房结构抗震适应性分析及地基处理的关键环节。以某拟建核岛厂房实际工程为研究背景,结合SuperFLUSH软件平台,以Goodman单元模拟桩与桩周土间的接触效应,采用等价线性法描述近场软土地基非线性特性,并在模型底部和侧面引入黏性边界模拟半无限地基辐射阻尼效应,从而建立土质地基条件下桩-土-核岛结构相互作用分析模型。进而,通过对原状地基和嵌岩桩处理地基条件下核岛厂房的楼层反应谱、结构节点相对位移（绝对值）的对比分析,探讨考虑桩-土间接触效应的嵌岩桩基对核岛厂房结构的影响规律。研究成果可为实际工程中类似土质地基条件下核岛厂房结构的地基处理提供参考。     

Static-dynamic Response Analysis of Upright Wing Wall and Drainage Immersed Tube Cross System of NPP Considering SSI Effect

某核电厂的联合泵房两侧直立翼墙以及排水沉管为交叉设计,且属抗震I类物项,因此,考虑土-交叉体系结构动力相互作用是抗震安全性评价的关键技术问题。以实际核电厂条件为背景,基于ANSYS分析平台建立了翼墙-沉管交叉体系-地基静动力分析模型,运用UPFs创建的粘弹性边界单元考虑无限地基辐射阻尼影响及地震动的输入,并精细化模拟地基材料的力学特性及交叉体系的空间分布形态,开展了静动力荷载联合作用下翼墙-沉管交叉体系的响应分析,探究交叉体系结构的应力、变形及加速度峰值等响应的变化规律。计算结果表明:直立翼墙与排水沉管交叉部位出现了应力集中现象,翼墙结构的竖向加速度响应与竖向及顺沉管水平向位移变形有较大变化,沉管在交叉部位的响应也有显著增加。研究成果可为核电厂取水工程构筑物的类似交叉体系设计提供技术参考。     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

On the variation in the geomagnetic dipole over the geological history of the Earth

The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data.     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

Evolutionary Changes in the Configuration of the Magnetic Field of the Solar Corona in the Epoch of the Minimum

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The evolution of the magnetic configuration in the solar corona is studied. The curvature of the K-corona helmets obtained from an analytical approximation of the...