基于Clenshaw技术计算大地水准面差距的快速算法

随着超高阶重力场位模型的建立与精化,其计算效率也逐渐凸显起来.本文比较了Clenshaw算法和标准向前列递推算法的适用性,并分析了Clenshaw求和计算全球大地水准面差距的适用范围.在Clenshaw求和技术基础上,进行如下算法改进:将球谐函数级数和的形式以矩阵形式替代,算法运算过程中以向量化计算代替循环计算.在计算前360阶、420阶、480阶、……、直至前1500阶的大地水准面差距时,改进后的Clenshaw算法要比改进前算法的运算耗时减少了三分之一左右,也就是运算效率至少提升了33%.     

基于旋转交错网格伪谱法和L-S理论的热弹性介质波场模拟与特征分析

基于L-S热弹性理论,采用旋转交错网格伪谱法,实现了均匀各向同性介质的一阶速度-应力-温度微分方程组的数值求解和波场模拟.其中,用时间分裂法解决方程组的刚性问题,用旋转交错伪谱算子计算空间一阶导数,用中心伪谱算子计算空间二阶导数;对于热导率变化比较大的双层介质模型和参考温度随深度按梯度分布的模型,用Crank-Nicolson显式方法取代旋转交错网格伪谱法进行计算;讨论了热耦合波场性质和传播规律,对比了常规伪谱法、交错网格伪谱法和旋转交错网格伪谱法热耦合波场模拟效果.数值模拟结果表明:基于L-S热弹性理论,用时间分裂法结合旋转交错网格伪谱法对均匀各向同性介质的波场计算,能够得到稳定的、高精度的模拟结果,但是在热导率变化剧烈的情况下不能用大时间步长进行求解,而且在参考温度不均匀分布的情况下算法不稳定.本文在网格剖分方式与数值算法的优化组合应用方面进行了探索,为将这些方法推广到孔隙热弹性、热黏弹性和各向异性研究奠定了基础.     

基于高阶统计量的相干体算法在地震中深层构造解释中应用

利用高阶统计量所具有的可抑制高斯噪声和比常规的自相关函数包含更多信息的优点,并结合地震解释的实际问题,本文采用四阶矩函数代替互相关函数进行相干计算,对第一代相干体算法进行了改进,发展了基于高阶统计量的相干体算法.该方法不仅计算速度快,而且抑制噪声能力强.通过与传统相干算法实际应用对比,该算法有效地突出了地层的高连续性特征,有利于层位追踪和断层解释,尤其利于中深层构造解释.     

基于改进模态参数灵敏度法的结构损伤识别研究

推导了模态参数对于损伤构件的一阶和二阶灵敏度矩阵,并对在推导一阶和二阶振型灵敏度的过程中产生的模态截尾误差进行了改进。根据泰勒级数展开的原理分别建立了一阶和二阶的灵敏度方程。考虑到一阶灵敏度方程求解速度快和二阶灵敏度方程求解精度高的特点,本文提出了一种用于结构损伤识别的混合迭代算法,该算法用二阶非线性的解析解作为算法的第一次迭代值,用一阶灵敏度方程的求解值对该算法的第一次迭代值进行关于泰勒级数截尾误差的修正。研究表明,本文提出的混合迭代算法由于采用了精确度较高的二阶非线性解析解作为迭代修正的初值,因此,迭代修正精度更高,收敛性更好。     

Sentinel-3测高数据在湖库区域的波形重跟踪方法——以东平湖和峡山水库为例

卫星测高技术是监测内陆水体水位变化的一项重要手段,而利用该技术提取的水位与实测水位相比仍有一定差距.波形重跟踪是提高卫星测高精度的一项关键技术.现有重跟踪算法中,改进阈值重跟踪算法(Improved Threshold Retracker, ITR)因其计算简便、精度高得到了广泛应用.但该算法需要外部信息作为参考,因此具有一定的局限性.基于此,本文对ITR进行了优化,根据湖库水面近似水平的特点,不依赖外部信息可以自动从多个子波对应的水位中确定正确的水位.选择东平湖和峡山水库为试验区,基于Sentinel-3A/B合成孔径雷达高度计观测数据,对比了优化后的ITR、多回波波峰一致重跟踪算法(Multiple Waveform Persistent Peak retracker, MWaPP)和重心偏移重跟踪算法(Offset Centre of Gravity retracker, OCOG)提取水位的精度.结果表明,优化后的ITR精度最高,平均均方根误差为6.5 cm,与MWaPP和OCOG相比,精度分别提高了2.7 cm和24.2 cm.同时,该算法进行重跟踪时成功率较高,性能稳定,受...     

基于卫－卫跟踪观测技术利用能量守恒法恢复地球重力场的数值模拟研究

根据卫－卫跟踪观测技术的测量原理，基于能量守恒法建立了一种新的双星相互跟踪和三星相互跟踪的卫星观测方程. 通过数值模拟，采用预处理共轭梯度法恢复120阶地球重力场. 模拟结果表明：第一，双星相互跟踪恢复地球重力场的精度和美国喷气动力实验室公布的EIGEN GRACE02S的结果相符合；第二，三星相互跟踪恢复地球重力场的精度较双星提高约2倍.     

结构动力分析高阶时域积分算法的研究进展

本文简要综述了时域连续Galerkin(TCG),改进TCG,以及时域间断Galerkin(TDG)以及高阶单步法等几种典型的高阶时域积分算法。若采用p阶多项式对基本未知量进行插值近似,采用单场格式的常规TCG算法、改进TCG算法、两场格式的TDG算法求得的位移和速度分别具有p、2p、2p+1阶收敛精度,在计算成本相当的情况下,改进TCG算法具有最高收敛精度。高阶单步法多为后处理的算法,大多具有4阶精度。相比最常用的二阶算法,高阶单步法操作简单,易于实施,保留二阶算法无条件稳定、计算效率高等优点,可对二阶算法进行误差估计,并可根据精度需求,指导时间步长自适应调整。     

空间跟踪技术的发展对月球重力场模型的改进

本文基于绕月卫星跟踪技术的三种模式,即地面跟踪模式、高低跟踪模式和低低跟踪模式,将月球重力场的发展历程分为四个阶段.分别介绍了各阶段跟踪模式的主要原理、技术特点以及所获取的具有代表性的重力场模型,并对这些模型的精度特征进行了评述.进而,通过分析不同阶段重力场模型所获取的月球重力异常特征和精度、不同阶段重力场模型的定轨精度,阐明了:空间跟踪技术的进步,极大地提高了月球重力场模型的精度,并且,有效地促进了对月球物质结构特征的认识和绕月卫星定轨的可靠性.最后对月球重力场模型中尚存在的问题以及探测技术的发展前景进行了分析和展望.     

旋转变径管内螺旋流相干结构的大涡模拟研究

旋转管式分离设备的主分离段一般为变径管结构,针对其内部螺旋流的研究主要集中在平均统计量的分布规律上,缺乏从流动结构角度的描述。本文采用大涡模拟方法对不同旋转条件下变径管内螺旋流开展数值模拟研究,分别以Q准则与基于SVD方法的POD分解法,对数值计算的速度场进行了分析。Q准则等值面显示,螺旋涡从大锥段开始发生破碎,旋转效应能够减弱外涡流区的漩涡强度;POD分解重构后脉动速度场显示,脉动速度场的1阶模态为主模态,包含了湍流的大部分能量,5阶模态之后的流动为由小尺度涡构成的复杂湍动结构。旋转效应抑制了径向涡,促进了轴向涡。从流场结构的角度而言,旋转效应对分离起到了积极的作用。     

声衍射层析成像中吸收型散射体的Rytov二阶近似重建

文中详细讨论了Rytov二阶近似下的声逆散射微扰论公式，并考察了它的适用范围. 介 绍了吸收型散射体的Rytov二阶近似重建算法，重建了散射体内部的波数和吸收系数. 这种 散射体的重建与纯位相型散射体的重建一样，不同的只是在计算正散射时考虑了吸收的影响 . 数值模拟给出了Born一阶、二阶和Rytov一阶、二阶近似重建的例子，说明Rytov二阶近似 在一定范围内比其他三种近似算法好.     

统计重建算法综述

本文主要综述应用于PET/SPECT领域的统计重建算法,介绍统计重建算法发展的历史,最新的研究成果及研究方向,总结统计重建算法发展的三个概念:有序子集加速、增量方法和优化变换.对现有算法进行归纳总结,关注统计重建的发展带来变革的概念和方法,重点论述算法的思想,勾勒统计重建方法发展的主线.     

Distribution,features, and influence factors of the submarine topographic boundaries of the Okinawa Trough

Based on multiple types of data, the topographical features of the Okinawa Trough (OT) have been characterized and a computation method has been proposed to determine the break point of continental shelf (BOS), foot point of the continental slope (FOS), the central axial point, and the maximum depth point. A total of 48 topographical profiles that crosscut the continental slope have been used to determine the trends of the BOS and FOS (the BOS and FOS lines) in the East China Sea (ECS). The trend of central axial points in the OT has been similarly determined by analyzing 39 topographical profiles across the axis of the trough. The BOS line forms the boundary between the continental shelf and slope. In the ECS, the BOS line roughly follows the 200 m isobath, continuously in the northern and middle parts of the OT, but jumping about somewhat in the south. The FOS line is the boundary between the continental slope and the bottom of the trough. The depth of the FOS increases gradually from north to south in the OT. Intense incisions by canyons into the slope in the southern part of the trough have led to the complex distribution of FOS. Topographical profiles crosscutting the northern, middle, and southern parts of the OT exhibit features that include: a single W-shape, a composite W-shape, and a U-shape, respectively, which suggests that in the middle and northern parts of the trough the central axial points are always located on seamount peaks or ridges associated with linear seamounts, whereas in the south they are found in the center of en echelon depressions. The line formed by the central axial points is the east-west dividing line of the OT, which indicates that the trough is a natural gap that prevents the extension of ECS continental shelf to the east. The distributions of the BOS and FOS lines are influenced by fluctuation of sea levels and submarine canyons, whereas the distribution of axis lines is controlled by tectonics and deposition.     

Bacterial community and some physico-chemical characteristics in a subtropical mangrove environment in Bahrain

A study of bacterial communities and some physico-chemical parameters of a subtropical mangrove habitat in the Arabian Gulf (Bahrain) was carried out in 1993-1994. Six stations at different parts of the tidal channel were selected for sampling. The mangrove habitat was found to harbor diverse bacterial communities, included among them anoxygenic phototrophs (AP), oxygenic phototrophs (OP), organotrophs (OT), total coliforms (TC), faecal coliforms (FC) and haloalkaliphiles (HA). Spatial and temporal variations in bacterial communities and environmental parameters were found. Each of the OT, AP, TC, and FC were dominant in the innermost stations (S1&S2) and gradually decreased seaward. The HA community on the other hand, was dominant at the seaward stations (S5&S6) and was most likely to have originated from the sea through the tidal flows. Both AP and OT were considered as part of the mangrove native flora, whereas TC and FC were alien and believed to have been introduced through partially treated sewage released at the upstream of the tidal channel. Closely monitoring of the mangrove water revealed succession pattern in bacterial communities. The AP community was predominant from November 1993 to March 1994, succeeded by dominance of OP from June 1994 to October 1994. Both bacterial blooms gave water a pinkish, purple, or green color, respectively. Although OT prevailed during Transitional period between AP and OP eutrophication, it remained comparatively constant (not less than 2 x 10(5)cfu/ml) through other periods. Frequent eutrophication phenomena of OP, which took place in summer and autumn, coincided with increases in water temperature, chlorophyll a, and nutrients (NO(3)(-) and PO(4)(-)). On the other hand, OT and AP were negatively correlated with temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a, but no specific pattern was observed in relation to NO(3)(-) and PO(4)(-). In comparison with seawater, nutrients such as NO(3)(-) and PO(4)(-) were consistently higher in the mangrove habitat. Partially treated sewage and farm drainage canals are proposed to form additional sources of nutrients. Although, the mangrove habitat has been demonstrated to possess self-cleaning properties, data obtained suggest that anthropogenic pollution has a deleterious effect.     

Differences in organotin accumulation in relation to life history in the white-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis

To examine the accumulation pattern of organotins (OTs) in relation to the migration of diadromous fish, tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) and their derivatives were determined in the muscle tissue of both sea-run (anadromous) and freshwater-resident (nonanadromous) types of the white-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis. Ontogenic changes in otolith strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations were examined along life history transect to discriminate migration type. Mean Sr:Ca ratio from the core to the edge of the otolith in sea-run individuals was significantly higher than those in freshwater-resident one. There were no significant correlations in S. leucomaenis between OT accumulation and various biological characteristics. It is noteworthy that TBT and TPT concentrations in sea-run type were significantly higher than those in freshwater-resident individuals, although they are both of the same species. These results suggest that sea-run S. leucomaenis have a higher ecological risk of OT exposure than freshwater-residents during their life histories.     

Integrative assessment of organotin contamination in a southern European estuarine system (Ria de Aveiro, NW Portugal): tracking temporal trends in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the EU ban

Organotin (OT) compounds have been used as biocide agents in antifouling paints since the mid 1960s and are now ubiquitous in the marine environment. Due to their high toxicity to non-target species they were banned from antifouling paints in the European Union in 2003 (2002/62/EC directive). The aim of the present work is to assess any obvious decline of the OT environmental levels at Ria de Aveiro (NW Portugal) after the ban. The organotins - monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT), tributyltin (TBT), monophenyltin (MPT), diphenyltin (DPT), triphenyltin (TPT), monoctyltin (MOT), dioctyltin (DOT) and trioctyltin (TOT) - were quantified in the gastropod Nassarius reticulatus, in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and in sediments. Imposex (imposition of male characters on females of gonochorist gastropods) in N. reticulatus was additionally used as a biomarker of TBT pollution. Time comparisons show a slight decrease of imposex between 2003 and 2005 probably as a consequence of the EU ban, though in some cases this trend seems to have started earlier since 2000. The fraction of TBT relatively to its metabolites has been decreasing over the last years but still remains high suggesting that there are still recent inputs of this compound into the study area.     

结构控制的前馈-反馈算法对比与分析

基于瞬时最优控制算法和经典的线性二次型高斯（Gauss）控制算法．推导了三种前馈-反馈算法．其控制器的设计包含两个部分：基于传统控制算法的反馈部分和在采样时间内对地震动信息的前馈部分。以在建的某电视塔（610m）为例。通过跟常用的线性二次型高斯（Gauss）闭环反馈控制算法相比较,对比分析了这三种前馈-反馈算法在地震作用下．对结构反应的控制效果;针对规范中对层间位移角和舒适度的要求．深入研究了在三种不同的控制目标下,基于LQG前馈-反馈算法（FFLQG）对结构反应控制的有效性：最后。通过一种新的权系数选择方法,研究了不同的输出反馈对基于LQG前馈-反馈算法控制效果的影响。     

Rosenbrock‐based algorithms and subcycling strategies for real‐time nonlinear substructure testing

In this paper, Rosenbrock‐based algorithms originally developed for real‐time testing of linear systems with dynamic substructuring are extended for use on nonlinear systems. With this objective in mind and for minimal overhead, both two‐ and three‐stages linearly implicit real‐time compatible algorithms were endowed with the Jacobian matrices requiring only one evaluation at the beginning of each time step. Moreover, these algorithms were improved with subcycling strategies. In detail, the paper briefly introduces Rosenbrock‐based L‐Stable Real‐Time (LSRT) algorithms together with linearly implicit and explicit structural integrators, which are now commonly used to perform real‐time tests. Then, the LSRT algorithms are analysed in terms of linearized stability with reference to an emulated spring pendulum, which was chosen as a nonlinear test problem, because it is able to exhibit a large and relatively slow nonlinear circular motion coupled to an axial motion that can be set to be stiff. The accuracy analysis on this system was performed for all the algorithms described. Following this, a coupled spring‐pendulum example typical of real‐time testing is analysed with respect to both stability and accuracy issues. Finally, the results of representative numerical simulations and real‐time substructure tests, considering nonlinearities both in the numerical and the physical substructure, are explored. These tests were used to demonstrate how the LSRT algorithms can be used for substructuring tests with strongly nonlinear components. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inshore/offshore gradients of imposex and organotin contamination in Nassarius reticulatus (L.) along the Portuguese coast

Imposex and organotin (OT) tissue contamination of the netted whelk Nassarius reticulatus (L.) were assessed in the continental shelves around the main estuaries of the central coast of Portugal (Lisbon: Tagus estuary; Setúbal: Sado estuary) and the main coastal lagoon in the Southern of Portugal (Faro: Ria Formosa). Pollution levels were higher in areas of more intense boat traffic and shipyard activities and imposex showed a clear decreasing gradient from the estuaries to the offshore, in relation to a similar gradient of tissue contamination by tributyltin. Remarkably, imposex was extensively spread over the adjacent continental shelves of Tagus and Sado estuaries. The current work shows that TBT pollution is undoubtedly a matter of concern not only for the above estuaries where harbours are implanted but also for the adjacent continental shelves, regardless the massive dilution of contaminants that may occur in these deeper areas.     

Multivariate stationary non-Gaussian process simulation for wind pressure fields

Stochastic simulation is an important means of acquiring fluctuating wind pressures for wind induced response analyses in structural engineering. The wind pressure acting on a large-span space structure can be characterized as a stationary non-Gaussian field. This paper reviews several simulation algorithms related to the Spectral Representation Method (SRM) and the Static Transformation Method (STM). Polynomial and Exponential transformation functions (PSTM and ESTM) are discussed. Deficiencies in current algorithms, with respect to accuracy, stability and efficiency, are analyzed, and the algorithms are improved for better practical application. In order to verify the improved algorithm, wind pressure fields on a large-span roof are simulated and compared with wind tunnel data. The simulation results fit well with the wind tunnel data, and the algorithm accuracy, stability and efficiency are shown to be better than those of current algorithms.     

Parameter identification of inelastic structures under dynamic loads

The generalized model of differential hysteresis contains 13 control parameters with which it can curve‐fit practically any hysteretic trace. Three identification algorithms are developed to estimate the control parameters of hysteresis for different classes of inelastic structures. These algorithms are based upon the simplex, extended Kalman filter, and generalized reduced gradient methods. Novel techniques such as global search and internal constraints are incorporated to facilitate convergence and stability. Effectiveness of the devised algorithms is demonstrated through simulations of two inelastic systems with both pinching and degradation characteristics in their hysteretic traces. Owing to very modest computing requirements, these identification algorithms may become acceptable as a design tool for mapping the hysteretic traces of inelastic structures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.