用震源机制解确定东北地区地壳应力场

利用中、强震震源机制资料和区域小震平均解给出了中国东北地区地壳应力场的分布。由多个震源机制的平均结果得到,东北南部地区(42°30’以南)主压应力方向为NE70°。东北中部地区(吉林省和黑龙江省东南部)主压应力方向近似NE100°,它与深源地震震源机制解P轴一致,可能该区应力场分布受深源地震影响,东北北部地区(黑龙江省和内蒙北部)主压应力方向为NE58°。东北地区浅源地震震源机制解P轴仰角大多数小于30°,表明该区以水平应力为主。由震源机制结果也讨论了中国东北地区地震断层活动状况。     

燕山-渤海地震带的现今构造应力环境

应用中小地震的震源机制解资料,分析了燕山-渤海地震带现今构造应力场总体与分区特征.分析发现,该带现今构造应力场总体方向为:主压应力轴方位大约为70～80°,主张应力轴方位大约为340～350°;该带现今以水平、近于水平兼有一定斜向作用的主压应力为主.同时,结合有关资料分析了该带的地震活动.     

1976年龙陵震群的小震震源机制

本由区域台网地震波资料，反演得到１９７６年运动龙陵地震群６０２个中小地震的震源机制解，中对机制解的各参数进行了分析和系统聚类。结果表明：小震机制解的优势取向和主要类型与序列中的大地震震源机制一致。反演得到震源区应力场方向为：最大压应力主轴方位１９５°，仰角５°；中等压应力主轴方位３１４°，仰角７９°；最小压应力主轴方位１０４°，仰角１０°。这与其它资料给出的结果相符，虽然区域应力场的平均方向比     

首都圈地区震源机制解综合研究

对首都圈地区2002年1月～2010年6月619个ML≥2.0地震的震源机制解的基本特征进行了统计分析,并且依据区域构造特征将首都圈划分为3个区域,用聚类统计方法中的最长距离法对各分区的机制解进行了聚类分析,研究了各分区的构造应力张量特征。研究结果表明,首都圈地区震源机制解P轴方位的优势分布为NNE-NEE向,T轴方位的优势分布为NNW-NWW向,绝大多数地震震源处的应力场以水平作用为主,破裂以水平走滑为主。首都圈西部最大主压应力方位为NE75°,中部最大主压应力方位为NE62°,东部最大主压应力方位近EW向,区域构造应力场以水平向挤压为主要特征。     

根据水系格局探讨海南岛第四纪构造应力场

利用水系格局分析方法,对海南岛河谷走向进行统计的结果表明,本区第四纪构造应力场的主压应力轴方位为NW294.3±4.3°。这与地震影响场构造效应或震源机制解方法得出本区现代构造应力场的主压应力轴方位为NW300°的数据基本吻合。说明海南岛现代构造应力场与第四纪构造应力场之间具有明显的继承性。     

宁夏地区的震源机制与应力场

本文利用宁夏地震台网观测资料,讨论了宁夏区内七个地区的区域应力场,并且给出了16次中强地震的震源机制解。结合大地形变测量资料分析认为,宁夏北部银川平原的区域应力场以北北东方向的主压应力占优势。宁夏南部西(吉)、海(原)、固(原)地区的区域应力场以北东方向的主压应力占优势。南部和北部两区域的分界带在中卫、中宁一线。中卫附近的主压应力方位为165°,与其南部、北部地区都不相同。本文研究结果认为,现今宁夏构造应力场的格局与印度板块和太平洋板块的共同作用有关,其中印度板块的推挤起主导作用。     

利用小震与强震震源机制解反演首都圈现今构造应力场

由于首都圈地区近年来布设了较为密集的地震台网,使得较小地震震源机制的求解成为可能。本文收集了首都圈地区近５０年来大震震源机制以及2002—2004年中小震震源机制解,采用对不同震级地震进行加权处理的网格搜索法将强震与小震结合对首都圈地区的现今地壳应力场进行反演。得到了较为精确的首都圈地区各区域的构造应力场。结果表明：北京张家口区,主压应力轴 Ｎ（４３°～８６°）Ｅ向;唐山及邻区,主压应力轴 Ｎ（３８°～８６°）Ｅ向;邢台区,主压应力轴 Ｎ（７９°～８１°）Ｅ向;本文反演结果与前人结果相似,表明了研究方法的正确性,并 揭 示 了现今首都圈地区应力场的整体一致性和分区差异,对解释首都圈地区的发震背景和地球动力学研究有一定的参考意义。     

基于CAP方法的2013湖北巴东5.1级地震震源机制与发震构造研究

利用湖北与重庆区域台网共9个台的宽频带数字地震记录,采用CAP法(Cut and Paste Method)反演了湖北巴东2013年12月16日MS5.1地震震源机制解,其最佳双力偶解为节面I：走向166°,倾角82°,滑动角41 °;节面Ⅱ：走向69°,倾角49°,滑动角169°;最佳震源深度主要集中分布在5.5 km附近。分析认为此次地震的发震断层为带有逆冲成分的走滑性质断层,主压应力P轴近EW向,主张应力轴近NS向。余震序列主要呈EW分布,少部分呈NS方向分布,较大余震的发震破裂滑动类型以正走滑型的居多,其次为逆倾滑型及逆走滑型。结合7次较大余震的机制解判断,近EW向节面为发震断层。     

2002年5月15日台湾6.5级地震震源参数

据中国地震台网测定 ,2 0 0 2年 5月 1 5日北京时间 1 1时 46分在台湾苏澳以东海域( 2 4.5°N,1 2 2 .1°E)发生 MS6.5地震。震中距苏澳约 2 5km,距台北约 80 km。据报道 ,福建、浙江部分沿海地区有震感。我们利用 CDSN的 6个台站的数字波形资料初步反演了该震的震源参数 ,结果如下 :最佳双力偶解节面 :走向 1 0 9°,倾角 84°,滑动角 3°;节面 :走向 1 9°,倾角 87°,滑动角 1 74°。应力轴T轴 :本征值 4.8,方位 3 3 4°;仰角 7°;N轴 :本征值 -0 .4,方位 1 68°;仰角 83°;P轴 :本征值 -2 .9,方位 64°;仰角 2°。标准地震矩 :M0 =…     

丽江地震序列的震源机制,发震应力场和破裂特征

丽江７．０级地震震区位于我国西南地区现代构造应力场空间分布的复杂地区，区域应力场主压应力优势方位为南南东。震区位于可能受到多种构造动力源作用的特定构造运动环境中。获得了主震和２２个ＭＬ≥４．０级余震的震源机制Ｐ波初动解，分析表明，主震发震应力场为北３°东，与震区区域应力场主压应力优势方位有一个小角度的偏差。主震的发震应力不仅有水平应力的作用，同时还有显的垂直应力的作用。在余震序列发展中震区呈现出     

甘肃及邻近地区的地壳应力场

本文利用40个地震震源机制解和3个小震综合解研究了甘肃及邻近地区的地壳应力场。结果表明,由甘肃西部到东南部,主压应力方向由北40°东逐渐变为北90°东,P轴仰角大多小于30°,其水平方向垂直于青藏高原东北边缘。反映了该区的力源主要来自于印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞。一些地区局部应力场的变化对研究断层活动有重要意义。     

Spatial variations of precursory seismic quiescence observed in recent years in the eastern part of Turkey

A statistical analysis is made for the eastern part of Turkey in the beginning of 2009 by studying the phenomenon of seismic quiescence as a potential precursor of the main shocks. The results produced four areas having seismic quiescence in the beginning of 2009. These areas are observed to be centered at 39.96°N–40.69°E (around A?kale, Erzurum), 39.36°N–39.74°E (around Ovac?k, Tunceli), 39.02°N–40.52°E (including Elaz?? and Bingöl), and 38.45°N–42.94°E (Van Lake). Based on the recent results showing 5 ± 1.5 years quiescence before the occurrence of an earthquake in this region, the future earthquake would be expected between 2009.5 and 2010.5. The future earthquake occurrence may reach 2012 if we consider the standard deviation of average seismic quiescence as ±1.5 years. We have found that the M _W = 6.0 Elaz?? earthquake on 8 March 2010, followed a seismic quiescence starting about 5 years before the main shock. Thus, special interest should be given to the other regions where the seismic quiescence is observed.     

Source process of the 14 November 2001 western Kunlun Mountain <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>S</Subscript>=8.1 earthquake

Based on digital teleseismic P-wave seismograms recorded by 28 long-period seismograph stations of the global seismic network, source process of the November 14, 2001 western Kunlun Mountain M _S=8.1 (M _W=7.8) earthquake is estimated by a new inversion method. The result shows that the earthquake is a very complex rupture event. The source rupture initiated at the hypocenter (35.95°N, 90.54°E, focal depth 10 km, by USGS NEIC), and propagated to the west at first. Then, in several minutes to a hundred minutes and over a large spatial range, several rupture growth points emerged in succession at the eastern end and in the central part of the finite fault. And then the source rupture propagated from these rupture growth points successively and, finally, stopped in the area within 50 km to the east of the centroid position (35.80°N, 92.91°E, focal depth 15 km, by Harvard CMT). The entire rupture lasted for 142 s, and the source process could be roughly separated into three stages: The first stage started at the 0 s and ended at the 52 s, lasting for 52 s and releasing approximately 24.4% of the total moment; The second stage started at the 55 s and ended at the 113 s, lasting for 58 s and releasing approximately 56.5% of the total moment; The third stage started at the 122 s and ended at the 142 s, lasting for 20 s and releasing approximately 19.1% of the total moment. The length of the ruptured fault plane is about 490 km. The maximum width of the ruptured fault plane is about 45 km. The rupture mainly occurred within 30 km in depth under the surface of the Earth. The average static slip in the underground rocky crust is about 1.2 m with the maximum static slip 3.6 m. The average static stress drop is about 5 MPa with the maximum static stress drop 18 MPa. The maximum static slip and the maximum stress drop occurred in an area within 50 km to the east of the centroid position.     

Source process of the 14 November 2001 western Kunlun Mountain M S=8.1 earthquake

Based on digital teleseismic P-wave seismograms recorded by 28 long-period seismograph stations of the global seismic network, source process of the November 14, 2001 western Kunlun Mountain M _S=8.1 (M _W=7.8) earthquake is estimated by a new inversion method. The result shows that the earthquake is a very complex rupture event. The source rupture initiated at the hypocenter (35.95°N, 90.54°E, focal depth 10 km, by USGS NEIC), and propagated to the west at first. Then, in several minutes to a hundred minutes and over a large spatial range, several rupture growth points emerged in succession at the eastern end and in the central part of the finite fault. And then the source rupture propagated from these rupture growth points successively and, finally, stopped in the area within 50 km to the east of the centroid position (35.80°N, 92.91°E, focal depth 15 km, by Harvard CMT). The entire rupture lasted for 142 s, and the source process could be roughly separated into three stages: The first stage started at the 0 s and ended at the 52 s, lasting for 52 s and releasing approximately 24.4% of the total moment; The second stage started at the 55 s and ended at the 113 s, lasting for 58 s and releasing approximately 56.5% of the total moment; The third stage started at the 122 s and ended at the 142 s, lasting for 20 s and releasing approximately 19.1% of the total moment. The length of the ruptured fault plane is about 490 km. The maximum width of the ruptured fault plane is about 45 km. The rupture mainly occurred within 30 km in depth under the surface of the Earth. The average static slip in the underground rocky crust is about 1.2 m with the maximum static slip 3.6 m. The average static stress drop is about 5 MPa with the maximum static stress drop 18 MPa. The maximum static slip and the maximum stress drop occurred in an area within 50 km to the east of the centroid position. Foundation item: Joint Seismological Science Foundation of China (103066) and Foundation of the Seismic Pattern and Digital Seismic Data Application Research Office of Institute of Earthquake Science of the China Earthquake Administration.     

The seismicity and tectonic stress field characteristics of the Longmenshan fault zone before the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake

The seismicity of Longmenshan fault zone and its vicinities before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake is studied. Based on the digital seismic waveform data observed from regional seismic networks and mobile stations, the focal mechanism solutions are determined. Our analysis results show that the seismicities of Longmenshan fault zone before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake were in stable state. No obvious phenomena of seismic activity intensifying appeared. According to focal mechanism solutions of some small earthquakes before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the direction of principal compressive stress P-axis is WNW-ESE. The two hypocenter fault planes are NE-striking and NW-striking. The plane of NE direction is among N50°?70°E, the dip angles of fault planes are 60°?70° and it is very steep. The faultings of most earthquakes are dominantly characterized by dip-slip reverse and small part of faultings present strike-slip. The azimuths of principal compressive stress, the strikes of source fault planes and the dislocation types calculated from some small earthquakes before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are in accordance with that of the main shock. The average stress field of micro-rupture along the Longmenshan fault zone before the great earthquake is also consistent with that calculated from main shock. Zipingpu dam is located in the east side 20 km from the initial rupture area of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The activity increment of small earthquakes in the Zipingpu dam is in the period of water discharging. The source parameter results of the small earthquakes which occurred near the initial rupture area of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake indicate that the focal depths are 5 to 14 km and the source parameters are identical with that of earthquake.     

2018年9月8日墨江地震及周边地区构造应力场特征分析

2018年9月8日,云南省墨江县发生MS5.9地震并伴随一系列余震,探究该地震周围的应力场对于理解该地震的发生机制和后续地震的发展趋势具有着重要的参考意义.本研究收集了震源及其邻区中前人研究和Global CMT所给出的震源机制资料,对该地区进行了构造应力场反演,并同时利用反演得到的应力张量模拟墨江地区的震源机制解表现.结果表明:(1)在应力轴整体分布上,自西向东σ1轴(压轴)从NNE-SSW向逐渐转向NNW-SSE向,σ3轴(张轴)从WWN-EES向逐渐转向WWS-EEN向,张轴呈弧形分布,压轴呈放射状分布.(2)在应力轴倾伏角上,研究区域内的压应力轴和张应力轴倾伏角都比较小,即两轴均接近水平.(3)R值分布大体是在东南部相较于西北部大,结合当地地质背景分析得到,物质逃逸自西北向东南呈逐渐变缓的趋势.(4)利用反演得到的应力张量和应力状态计算墨江地震震源区的相对剪应力和相对正应力大小.由此推测,墨江地震恰好发生在相对剪切应力值和相对正应力正值最大的节面上.从而可以确定墨江地震的发震节面的基本参数:走向216.32°,倾角86.91°,滑动角0.27°,相对剪应力值0.9,相对正应力值0.3.本研究为此次墨江地震的发震背景和地震动力学研究提供了基础性资料.     

2008年新疆乌恰Mw6.7地震震源机制与形变特征的InSAR研究

2008年10月5日新疆乌恰M_w6.7级地震发生在南天山、帕米尔高原及塔里木盆地交汇地带,基于地震波反演的震源机制解确定的震源深度存在较大差异.本文利用日本ALOS卫星的PALSAR图像,获得了本次地震的同震形变场,基于卫星视线向（LOS）和方位向（Azimuth）的形变,采用均匀弹性半无限位错模型和有界最小二乘（BVLS）算法,以网格矩形位错元法对发震断层的几何产状、滑移及分布进行了估算,结果表明本次地震以逆断破裂为主,断层面上最大位错量接近3.4 m,形变中心位于73.8040°E,39.5335°N,深度约5 km,震级估算为M_w6.6;地震发生在走向46°,倾角48°的断层上,发震断层长30 km,宽14 km,闭锁深度9 km,符合该地区浅源地震多发的构造特点,发震断层为乌合沙鲁断裂带.InSAR反演的滑移形变主要集中于地下2~7 km,表明乌恰地震为浅源地震,可能与该断层附近历史地震未完全释放的残余应力积累有关.同时,InSAR反演的断层位错分布呈现双破裂特征,震级分别为M_w6.5和M_w6.1,可能与本次地震的主震和余震相对应,也可能是由主震激发而产生的两组破裂.     

云南耿马7.2级地震地表破裂带研究

根据野外考察的实际资料,本文介绍了耿马7.2级地震地表破裂带的展布,结构要素及组合、位移分布等情况。同时依据位错资料对破裂带的应力活动及断裂两盘的运动状态进行了初步分析。认为本次地震发震构造以右旋走滑为主兼具张性,主压应力优势方位为N5°—10°E。断层两盘相对运动的总体方向为N55°W左右,断层运动的滑移角在30°—40°之间     

2022年门源MS6.9地震震区三维速度与发震机制研究

2022年1月8日,青海省门源县发生M_S6.9地震。使用青海、甘肃等区域数字台网所观测到的2009年1月1日—2022年2月8日间青海门源及周边地区(36°～39°N,101°～104°E)14 869次地震事件的地震观测资料,基于双差成像(TomoDD)方法进行重定位分析,结果表明：门源及周边地区地震震源深度较浅,主要集中在5～15 km深度范围,其中10 km附近分布最多。推断该深度区域为门源及周边地区的主要孕震区。基于地震重定位结果和主震区三维速度结构分别对2016年门源M_S6.4地震和此次地震序列的发震机理进行分析对比,发现两次地震都位于高速异常体边缘,速度结构与断裂、地震序列吻合较好。2022年门源地震位于高速体的西端末梢位置,是该高速体受青藏高原东北缘顺时针应力作用导致的滑动产生的走滑型地震。     

四川长宁MS6.0地震区域构造应力场特征分析

2019年6月17日在四川宜宾市长宁县（28.34°N,104.90°E）发生M_S6.0地震,余震发育。本文利用区域测震台网的地震观测数据基于CAP方法计算了28°~29°N,104°~105°E范围内的14个M_S>3.0以上地震的震源机制解,结合全球矩心矩张量目录和部分前人研究结果中该区域的共27个震源机制解数据,应用MSATSI软件反演了研究区域的应力场。将研究区域按0.1°×0.1°划分成25个应力网格,最终得到9个网格的应力分布结果,大多数应力场方向稳定,根据主震所在应力网格点得到主震的断层类型为主逆冲型。本文研究成果为四川长宁地区的孕震机理、活动构造以及地震趋势判定提供了可靠的参考依据。