断层破碎带对非发震断层场地地震动的影响

运用动接触单元对断层场地中的非发震断层的实际运动状态进行了模拟，并结合有限元模型分析了断层场地中非发震断层对场地地震动的影响。通过计算和比较无摩擦力、有摩擦力和无断层三种工况，探讨了动接触单元模拟非发震断层的合理性。计算中还考虑了断层破碎带及断层破碎带土的一些性质，结果表明考虑断层破碎带的存在对于地震动是有影响的。同时还指出，在研究实际非发震断层对场地地震动影响时，应具体考虑场地诸因素的复杂性。     

丽江7.0级地震前后断层活动协调比及离散度分析

跨断层流动形变观测能直接反映观测场地所在断层的活动情况,张超等(1987)采用断层刚体模型推导了利用跨断层基线、水准测量数据计算断层的水平扭动和垂直位移公式,并且经公式推导分析得出计算结果对监测断层现今活动非常有利,张晶等对利用跨断层基线和水准测量资料推算断层活动参数公式进行了改进,采用断层三维立体模型计算了断层三维运动参数,并在此基础上提出了断层活动协调比的概念.     

断层场地震害研究综述

本文介绍了国内外断层场地震害的研究现状和主要观点，指出了断层提高烈度的观点的片面性，阐述了我国地震考察中研究方法的创新和取得的主要研究结果，总结了断层场地的震害特征和非发震断层对震害无明显影响的主要结论。     

论古地震断层和能动断层最新活动年代的测定

概述了古地震断层和能动断层活动年代测定研究的现状和进展。提出了应用多种测年方法对古地震断层和能动断层的最新活动年代的测定进行综合研究。指出了当前在断层活动年代的测定工作中存在的关键问题,同时也初步提出了今后改进的意见。     

能动断层和地表断层的概念及其调查

提出并研究了能动断层与地表断层这两个概念的形成与基本含意,强调了在实际核工程厂址选择时所必须进行的调查内容与要求,并进一步研究了能动断层的鉴别标准问题     

几何弯曲断层活动性的模拟

运用有限元法建立大尺度几何弯曲断层（长约750 km）的二维模型,并利用接触单元技术模拟断层间的作用,模拟了几千年时间尺度内走滑断层的活动,探讨了具有一定几何形态断层对断层系统活动的影响.几何弯曲的断层导致了应力的集中,而且在断层的地震事件中起到了抑制作用,但是也为孕育大震提供了条件.和平直断层的模拟结果比较得知,断层的几何弯曲不仅影响地震破裂长度、改变了地震滑移量,也很大程度影响了能量释放的空间位置,改变了地震轮回周期.此外,弯曲断层应力的不均匀也使主震前往往有前震发生.另外通过模拟可以看出,弯曲断层活动表现出明显的特征地震,使得地震-频次曲线偏离G-R公式,说明了对单个断层而言,特征地震可能更能体现断层的地震活动,这对我们进行地震预测和危险性分析有着很重要的参考意义.     

措勤地区活动断层构造特征

青藏高原自然环境恶劣,地震台网分布稀疏,基于ETM数据,对措勤地区活动断层构造进行了解泽,并建立了活动断层构造框架。通过分析活动断层与地震活动性的关系,指出措勤地区活动断层的活动性对青藏高原地震研究有着重要的意义。     

基于卷积神经网络的断层预测方法

针对传统相干体属性在预测断层时存在断层假象以及易受噪声影响等缺点,本文提出一种利用卷积神经网络进行断层预测的方法。首先构建适合实际工区断层特征的卷积神经网络模型,然后利用部分分频地震数据和人工解释出的断层标签进行网络模型训练,最后把训练好的模型应用到整个三维地震数据中进行断层预测。实际地震数据预测结果表明基于卷积神经网络断层预测结果与地震数据吻合较好,并且在断层细节刻画上要优于传统地震相干体属性方法。      

层状断层与地震关系初探

通过讨论层状断层的性质、特点以及与正断层、逆断层和走滑断层的相互关系,探讨了大陆板内地震的发震机制,指出许多地震的震源位于层状断层面上,有些地震在地表找不到相应的地震构造的原因是由层间滑动所引起。     

倾斜断层深部不均匀滑动的反演计算

根据倾斜断层走滑、倾滑及拉张运动产生的地表位移计算公式，利用Ｈａｒｒｉｓ和Ｓｅｇａｌｌ的反演方法，建立了倾斜断层具多个滑动分量的反演模型，编制了相应的计算机程序，实现了利用大地测量资料反演计算不同产状断层深部不同运动方向的滑动速率或滑动量。并以北京地区两条主要活动断层为例进行了计算，获得结果与北京地区区域应力场及断层应力场具有较好的一致性     

Seismic safety of high concrete dams

Peak ground acceleration(PGA) estimation is an important task in earthquake engineering practice.One of the most well-known models is the Boore-Joyner-Fumal formula,which estimates the PGA using the moment magnitude,the site-to-fault distance and the site foundation properties.In the present study,the complexity for this formula and the homogeneity assumption for the prediction-error variance are investigated and an effi ciency-robustness balanced formula is proposed.For this purpose,a reduced-order Monte Carlo simulation algorithm for Bayesian model class selection is presented to obtain the most suitable predictive formula and prediction-error model for the seismic attenuation relationship.In this approach,each model class(a predictive formula with a prediction-error model) is evaluated according to its plausibility given the data.The one with the highest plausibility is robust since it possesses the optimal balance between the data fi tting capability and the sensitivity to noise.A database of strong ground motion records in the Tangshan region of China is obtained from the China Earthquake Data Center for the analysis.The optimal predictive formula is proposed based on this database.It is shown that the proposed formula with heterogeneous prediction-error variance is much simpler than the attenuation model suggested by Boore,Joyner and Fumal(1993).     

A formula for computation of time-varying recharge of groundwater

This paper presents a formula for computation of time-varying recharge of groundwater. The formula is derived from the basic equation of groundwater flow on an inclined impervious base. This analytical expression can also be used to compute evaporation rate if there is no recharge of groundwater. Readings from electronic data loggers show that recharge of groundwater is highly variable depending on the patterns of rainfall and antecedent conditions of the soil.     

测高重力内区效应的推导与计算

为了提高测高重力恢复计算的精度,本文利用新方法计算沿轨测高垂线偏差分量,并在对逆Vening Meinesz公式的FFT算法进行分析的基础上导出了内区效应的计算公式.结果证明内区效应与逆Vening Meinesz公式奇异区内垂线偏差分量的梯度及奇异区面积的大小有关,与重力异常计算点及其附近的奇异区内的垂线偏差无直接关系.最后利用ERS_1卫星测高数据,根据本文提出的方法计算垂线偏差分量,采用本文导出的内区效应公式计算了北大西洋6°×6°区域内区效应对测高重力结果的影响.     

基于大数据技术的地震数据处理新思路

现代地震观测积累了大量、种类繁多的地震前兆数据和震后数据,但数据中隐含的地震规律及趋势无法用经典的算例、数学公式、物理公式进行定量解释、分析和预测,需要探索新方法、新技术。案例表明,大数据分析具有预测事物发展趋势、改变传统观念和发现新事物的功能,有助于从错误信息中挖掘有价值信息。本文由此提出基于大数据技术处理地震数据的新思路,对地震监测预报新思路进行探索;通过在大数据平台上基于地震目录的余震预测研究,给出大数据技术在地震数据处理方面的一个应用实例,验证该思路的可行性。     

INCIPIENT MOTION OF COARSE PARTICLES IN HIGH GRADIENT RIVERS

1 INTRODUCTION To data, there are about 100 formulae for the incipient motion of sediment, among which, only about ten are convenient and practical. In 1936, using nondimensional drag force and the sediment’s Reynolds number, Shields (1936) presented the…     

Hindered settling of mud flocs: Theory and validation

This paper deals with settling of highly concentrated cohesive sediment suspensions. We evaluate a new hindered settling formula. New settling experiments on these highly concentrated suspensions are described to test this formula. For the analysis of the experiments both an analytical and a numerical method are used. Kynch's analytical theory, based on the method of characteristics is used to study the type of settling. Furthermore, a 1DV-point model is used for analysis of the settling process. We have implemented the new hindered settling formula in this model, which is tested against experimental data. It is concluded that the data are described fairly well. The analysis with the theory of Kynch [1952. A theory of sedimentation. Transactions of the Faraday Scociety 48, 166–176] and the model show that highly concentrated suspensions can settle with either one interface or with two interfaces, depending on the initial concentration and the shape of the settling flux function.     

对三侧向测井视电阻率校正问题的评论

1.根据对图版数据的分析,强调定量解释不能直接引用深三侧向视电阻率; 2.对国产三侧向测井电极系Ⅱ,提出一种厚层侵入经验校正公式,它不同于建筑在传统几何因子近似基础上的校正公式,有助于对三侧向测井视电阻率校正问题作分析; 3.对侧向测井视电阻率只作侵入校正而无有效的层厚、围岩校正是不可取的。     

小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征

黏弹性衰减因子Q的可靠估计可通过Q反褶积来提高地震资料的分辨率并有助于振幅分析. 本文从小波理论出发,结合地震波在黏弹性介质中的传播方程,推导出小波尺度域地震波能量衰减公式. 能量衰减公式具有下列性质：（1）Q值越大,能量衰减得越慢;Q值越小,能量衰减越严重;（2）尺度越小,信号中保留的能量越少;（3）对于脉冲源来说在理想的无衰减介质(即Q趋近于∞)中传播时,信号在不同尺度内的能量相同. 利用尺度能量公式,可从反射地震资料中直接估计品质因子Q（即衰减因子）,也可以提取不同尺度的能量衰减剖面作为储层描述的属性参数,用来进行岩性识别和指示气藏,与经典的谱比法相比,避免了谱比法所面临的双时窗问题以及进行谱估计的窗选择问题. 理论模型试验表明了本文方法的正确性和有效性.     

局部断层精确计算定理的证明

本文给出了局部断层图像重建精确计算定理的简单证明。局部断层图像重建是一类仅需较少的扫面数据的断层成像技术,可以有效降低扫面物体的辐射剂量,提高图像重建速度。文献[6]针对局部断层成像的概念提出了一种扇形束的一般扫描轨道的局部断层的精确图像重建方法。本文为文献[6]的定理提供了一个简捷的证明。     

Synthetic isoseismals of three earthquakes in California and Nevada

Recent tests on a series of earthquakes in California and Nevada suggest that in some regions the approximate shapes of the territories with equal earthquake-induced damage (expressed in terms of macroseismic intensity) could be synthetically traced out with a simple formula. This formula takes into account some gross features of the source: depth and length, unilateral or bilateral rupture, radiation patterns, rupture velocity, and directivity. Having been formulated on an empirical basis, the formula is however compatible with the so-called asymptotic approach, in which the far-field component of the Green's function is used. This paper presents the synthetic isoseismals of the earthquakes at Cedar Mountain, Nevada, 1932; Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley, Nevada, 1954; and Coalinga, California, 1983. An overall consistency, from acceptable to remarkable, between the observed intensity patterns and the synthetically back-predicted intensity has been obtained for them. Where the detailed modelling techniques available today are inapplicable, due to insufficient information on the features of the seismic sources, or to save time and money, the new formula may be utilizable for improving seismic hazard calculations.The formula was also used inversely for back-predicting geometric-kinematic parameters of the Coalinga 1983 earthquake from macroseismic maps. This gave characteristics for its source which are in good agreement with the majority of data inferred from modelling and from analyzing modern instrumental recordings. This striking result opens new perspectives in retrieving information on the source of ancient earthquakes for which only macroseismic information is available.