加装减震装置的特高压复合材料支柱绝缘子振动台试验研究

为研究复合材料电气设备抗震性能与减震技术应用效果,对特高压复合支柱材料绝缘子进行了抗震与减震地震模拟振动台试验,研究了设备动力特性和地震响应。白噪声试验结果表明:该复合材料支柱绝缘子在安装减震器后第1阶频率由1.11 Hz降低到1.04 Hz,表明减震器对设备结构的整体刚度影响较小。3种地震波试验结果表明:设备地震响应与地震动峰值加速度在抗震试验中呈线性变化关系,但在减震试验的应力响应中呈非线性变化关系;设备安装减震器后,试验地震动峰值加速度越大,减震效率越高,最高达到了66.32%;而位移减震率与地震动峰值加速度无明显规律,最大位移减震率为49.36%。试验研究结果表明:试验设备安装减震器后抗震性能得到显著提升,为复合材料电气设备抗震性能研究与减震技术应用提供了参考依据。     

复合外套型特高压交流CVT抗震与减震试验研究

为研究复合外套型电气设备的抗震性能与安装减震装置后的减震效果,对其进行特高压交流CVT地震模拟振动台试验研究,分析设备的动力特性与地震响应。白噪声试验结果表明试验设备安装减震器后其结构第一阶频率由1.07Hz略降低至1.04Hz,即减震装置对结构的整体刚度影响较小;人工波试验中原结构在地震动峰值加速度0.2g(PAG=0.2g)抗震试验中设备最大应力与位移响应为46.33 MPa与349.12mm,减震结构在PAG=0.5g抗震试验中,设备最大应力与位移响应为27.64 MPa与330.06mm,设备安装减震装置后抗震性能得到显著提升。试验研究结果可为复合材料电气设备抗震性能研究与减震装置应用提供参数数据。     

软导线互连电气设备回路抗震试验研究

复合材料电气设备由于其材料质轻高强、绝缘性能好的特点,在电网工程中得到了推广应用。为研究特高压复合材料电气设备在软导线连接回路中的抗震性能,采用地震模拟振动台试验,研究5种不同软导线冗余长度的回路系统,在不同地震波波形、加速度峰值和激振力方向影响下设备的加速度和应力变化趋势。试验结果表明:互连回路中在导线连接方向上,刚度大的设备频率降低、刚度小的设备频率增大;地震作用下回路中两设备最大应力均出现在底部绝缘子根部,应力响应基本与加速度峰值呈线性变化关系,竖向地震组合的地震影响系数可按1.40考虑;回路导线冗余长度变化,对小震中设备地震响应影响较大。试验得到的软导线连接回路在地震作用下的响应规律,可为变电站或换流站回路系统抗震设计提供借鉴和参考。     

电流互感器抗震性能及减震振动台试验

瓷柱型电气设备是电力系统的重要组成部分,其抗震能力较差,在历次强震中破坏严重。根据地震中电流互感器的实际破坏情况,选用了2个不同型号的电流互感器,进行了地震模拟振动台试验,试验中测试了瓷柱型电气设备在不同地震动作用下的加速度、位移及应变响应,分析了该类设备的动力特性及抗震性能。基于调谐质量阻尼器原理设计了减震装置并进行了振动台试验。结果表明:地震作用时瓷柱型电气设备反应放大明显,抗震能力较差,绝缘子根部属于该类设备的薄弱环节,220kV电流互感器在峰值0.5g的正弦拍振作用时绝缘子根部拉裂和漏油。减震装置有效,可以降低瓷柱型电气设备的动力响应。     

用于高压电气设备的剪切型铅减震器性能影响研究

作为重要的电气设备抗震技术产品,剪切型铅减震器能够有效降低电气设备的地震响应。但随着电气设备电压等级的提高,设备结构规格不断增大,其地震作用力显著增大,对电气设备安装的减震器性能提出了更高要求。通过剪切型铅减震器的低周反复加载试验研究,分析其受力模型,对比减震器在不同加载频率下的力学和阻尼耗能性能,并根据试验结果提出优化工艺,进一步提高减震器性能,为电气设备抗震能力的提高提供更可靠的技术保障     

铅合金减震器的动力特性及适用范围

通过典型高压断路器的振动台实验及有限元模型计算, 分析了铅合金减震器的减震效果. 实验分析结果表明, 铅合金减震器不仅降低了断路器的加速度反应和应变反应, 而且没有增加断路器的位移反应. 其最大应变降低量平均达到30％, 且输入地震动越强, 减震效果越明显. 有限元模型计算分析进一步论证了铅合金减震器的减震效果, 尤其是具有丰富长周期地震动和速度脉冲地震动作用下的减震效果. 基于断路器的地震破坏模式, 本文将减震器的减震效果定义为断路器瓷柱最大应变的降低率. 综合计算结果和振动台试验结果, 本文初步确定了铅合金减震器的适用范围.      

瓷柱式SF6高压断路器抗震性能分析

开展断路器的抗震性能分析,研究铅合金减震器的减震效果,对提高电气设备的抗震能力有重要意义。利用ANSYS,建立了LW36-252/T3150-40型瓷柱式SF6断路器的有限元模型。并以IEEE Standard 693推荐时程和汶川地震典型时程作为地震输入,分别计算了支架底部未安装与安装铅合金减震器时断路器的地震反应。分析了减震器的减震效果,对断路器的抗震性能作了评定。铅合金减震器有良好的减震效果,能有效提高设备的抗震能力,此断路器可达到IEEE Std 693-2005中等水准抗震水平。     

钢管混凝土框架-混凝土核心筒减震结构振动台试验研究

某超高层钢管混凝土框架-混凝土核心筒结构因指标超限在设计中采用了耗能减震技术,为了检验该减震结构的抗震性能,制作了1/35的缩尺模型,通过在钢管混凝土框架设置阻尼器或不设置阻尼器,进行模拟地震振动台对比试验,研究了模型结构的动力特性和不同烈度地震作用下的加速度、位移和应变响应。研究结果表明:地震作用下,该钢管混凝土框架-混凝土核心筒减震结构与钢管混凝土框架-混凝土核心筒结构相比,位移、加速度和应变响应均有一定程度的降低;罕遇地震作用下,通过设置耗能减震构件,层间位移角最大值从超过规范要求的1/84减低至满足规范要求的1/130,表明该减震结构具有更优良的抗震性能。     

基于MRTMD的瓷柱型电气设备减震技术研究

瓷柱型电气设备由于结构高耸、阻尼小等特点在地震中极易发生破坏。现有瓷柱型电气设备的加固措施均不能充分保证该类设备在地震发生时的安全运行。本文基于调谐质量阻尼器原理,结合瓷柱型电气设备中心对称的结构特点,提出了多重环式调谐质量阻尼器(MRTMD)的概念并设计了相应的三重调谐质量阻尼器减震装置,推导了对应的减震方程。文中以2个不同型号的电压互感器为例,通过有限元模拟,对比了该设备有控和无控时的动力响应。此外,考虑到导线及裹冰荷载的影响,本文研究了MRTMD控制频率偏移最佳控制频率时的减震效果。结果表明:MRTMD可以明显增强瓷柱型电气设备的抗震性能,实现任意方向的地震动减震;MRTMD对于不同类型的地震动均具有良好的鲁棒性;当控制频率发生50%偏移时,MRTMD仍然可以保持稳定的减震效果。     

特高压气体绝缘开关设备瓷套管抗震性能研究

为评估某型号1 100kV特高压(UHV)气体绝缘开关设备(GIS)瓷套管的抗震性能,将其连同支撑筒体与支架一起安装在振动台上,开展特高压气体绝缘开关设备瓷套管振动台试验。试验采用符合特高压标准反应谱的人工波激励该瓷套管,得到瓷套管关键部位的加速度、位移和应变响应。运用数值仿真软件ABAQUS对该振动台试验进行数值仿真研究,分析试验模型的自振频率、套管根部应力和套管顶端相对位移,得到与试验结果吻合较好的结果,证明该数值仿真模型的有效性。通过数值仿真的手段研究套管固有频率和本体(支撑筒体和支架)刚度的变化对套管抗震性能的影响,结果表明:该套管固有频率在一定范围内变化时,其地震响应相对较小;随着本体刚度的增大,套管根部最大应力与套管顶端最大相对位移均呈下降的趋势,因此适当增大本体的刚度可以降低套管的地震响应。     

Experimental and analytical studies on multiple tuned mass dampers for seismic protection of porcelain electrical equipment

Porcelain electrical equipment (PEE), such as current transformers, is critical to power supply systems, but its seismic performance during past earthquakes has not been satisfactory. This paper studies the seismic performance of two typical types of PEE and proposes a damping method for PEE based on multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMD). An MTMD damping device involving three mass units, named a triple tuned mass damper (TTMD), is designed and manufactured. Through shake table tests and finite element analysis, the dynamic characteristics of the PEE are studied and the effectiveness of the MTMD damping method is verified. The adverse influence of MTMD redundant mass to damping efficiency is studied and relevant equations are derived. MTMD robustness is verified through adjusting TTMD control frequencies. The damping effectiveness of TTMD, when the peak ground acceleration far exceeds the design value, is studied. Both shake table tests and finite element analysis indicate that MTMD is effective and robust in attenuating PEE seismic responses. TTMD remains effective when the PGA far exceeds the design value and when control deviations are considered.     

特高压电气设备抗震设计反应谱特征周期取值研究

特征周期是抗震设计反应谱的重要参数,开展特高压电气设备抗震设计反应谱特征周期的研究,具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。对美国、日本等世界范围内的1448条Ⅲ类场地水平向强震记录进行了统计分析,结果表明震级、震中距对特征周期有较大影响;强震记录特征周期的80%分位数结果约为0.9s。对全国近年来已通过评审的312个Ⅲ类场地的地震安全性评价结果进行了统计分析,70%分位数的特征周期为0.9s。结合相关规范的对比分析,建议特高压电气设备抗震设计反应谱的特征周期取0.9s,可有效保证特高压电气设备的地震安全。     

巨子型有控结构体系中黏滞阻尼器参数研究

巨子型有控结构体系(Mega-sub Controlled Structure System,即MSCSS)是一种新型的超高层建筑结构体系.本文针对MSCSS的构造特点,提出一种安装黏滞阻尼器的新的布置方案,通过研究该布置方案中取不同黏滞阻尼器参数时巨子型有控结构体系在罕遇地震作用下的动力响应,提出了与该结构体系动力特...     

The role of viscoelastic damping on retrofitting seismic performance of asymmetric reinforced concrete structures

The primary purpose of this research is to improve the seismic response of a complex asymmetric tall structure using viscoelastic(VE) dampers. Asymmetric structures have detrimental effects on the seismic performance because such structures create abrupt changes in the stiffness or strength that may lead to undesirable stress concentrations at weak locations. Structural control devices are one of the effective ways to reduce seismic impacts, particularly in asymmetric structures. For passive vibration control of structures, VE dampers are considered among the most preferred devices for energy dissipation. Therefore, in this research, VE dampers are implemented at strategic locations in a realistic case study structure to increase the level of distributed damping without occupying significant architectural space and reducing earthquake vibrations in terms of story displacements(drifts) and other design forces. It has been concluded that the seismic response of the considered structure retrofitted with supplemental VE dampers corresponded well in controlling the displacement demands. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that seismic response in terms of interstory drifts was effectively mitigated with supplemental damping when added up to a certain level. Exceeding the supplemental damping from this level did not contribute to additional mitigation of the seismic response of the considered structure. In addition, it was found that the supplemental damping increased the total acceleration of the considered structure at all floor levels, which indicates that for irregular tall structures of this type, VE dampers were only a good retrofitting measure for earthquake induced interstory deformations and their use may not be suitable for acceleration sensitive structures. Overall, the research findings demonstrate how seismic hazards to these types of structures can be reduced by introducing additional damping into the structure.     

A method of calculating the non‐linear seismic response of a building braced with viscoelastic dampers

Buildings are continually subject to dynamic loads, such as wind load, seismic ground motion, and even the load from internal utility machines. The recent trend of constructing more flexible high‐rise buildings underscores the importance of including viscoelastic dampers in building designs. Viscoelastic dampers are used to control the dynamic response of a building. If the seismic design is based only on the linear response spectrum, considerable error may occur when calculating the seismic response of a building; rubber viscoelastic dampers show non‐linear hysteretic damping that is quite different from viscous damping. This study generated a non‐linear response spectrum using a non‐linear oscillator model to simulate a building with viscoelastic dampers installed. The parameters used in the non‐linear damper model were obtained experimentally from dynamic loading tests. The results show that viscoelastic dampers effectively reduce the seismic displacement response of a structure, but transmit more seismic force to the structure, which essentially increases its seismic acceleration response. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic characteristics and seismic response of adjacent buildings linked by discrete dampers

Coupling adjacent buildings using discrete viscoelastic dampers for control of response to low and moderate seismic events is investigated in this paper. The complex modal superposition method is first used to determine dynamic characteristics, mainly modal damping ratio and modal frequency, of damper-linked linear adjacent buildings for practical use. Random seismic response of linear adjacent buildings linked by dampers is then determined by a combination of the complex modal superposition method and the pseudo-excitation method. This combined method can effectively and accurately determine random seismic response of non-classically damped systems in the frequency domain. Parametric studies are finally performed to identify optimal parameters of viscoelastic dampers for achieving the maximum modal damping ratio or the maximum response reduction of adjacent buildings. It is demonstrated that using discrete viscoelastic dampers of proper parameters to link adjacent buildings can reduce random seismic responses significantly. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.