地形对大地电磁测探（MTS）资料的影响

地形影响是山区ＭＴＳ工作的主要问题之一，对此做了理论分析并用均匀半空间表面二维地形模型进行了数值模拟，结果表明，地形影响不仅与ＭＴＳ资料的种类极化模式，场源电磁波周期及测点位置有关，而且不依赖于不同地形形态和尺度，此外，还根据悬崖模型计算，给出了关于地形影响范围的估计。     

考虑土与结构相互作用效应的结构减震控制大型振动台模型试验研究

本文设计并完成了考虑土与结构相互作用的结构减震控制大型振动台模型试验。通过对四种结构形式的对比试验，探讨了土与结构相互作用（ＳＳＩ）效应对结构地震反应的影响以及调谐质量阻尼器（ＴＭＤ）在刚性和柔性地基条件下对主体结构的减震效应。通过比较同一地震动作用下主体结构在刚性和柔性两种地基条件下的地震反应，可知：ＳＳＩ效应具有降低和提高结构减震控制效果的双重作用，其综合效果与输入地震动的频谱特性、加速度峰值大小有关。由于ＳＳＩ效应在结构地震反应中发挥着双重的作用，因而使得基于刚性地基假定下设计的ＴＭＤ减震控制系统在柔性地基条件下的控制效果不太理想，甚至会出现负面效应。本文还探讨了在柔性地基条件下影响结构减震控制效果的一些因素。     

震源物理实验室“八五”技术改造

由国家地震局地球物理研究所承担的“ＭＴＳ－１００Ｔ伺服试验机改造”课题,对震源物理实验室进行了实验系统改造。该文简要介绍了该课题所完成的主要工作及其应用情况,包括：ＭＴＳ－１００Ｔ伺服试验机控制系统、１６通道高速数据采集系统、激光散斑图干涉仪。     

Jin-Ping ZHOU,SERVICE AT GEOMAGNETIC OBSERVATORIES,AWARDED THE“LONG SERVICE MEDAL OF IAGA”

Ｊｉｎ┐ＰｉｎｇＺＨＯＵ，ＳＥＲＶＩＣＥＡＴＧＥＯＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴＯ┐ＲＩＥＳ，ＡＷＡＲＤＥＤＴＨＥ“ＬＯＮＧＳＥＲＶＩＣＥＭＥＤＡＬＯＦＩＡＧＡ”Ｍｒ．Ｊｉｎ－ＰｉｎｇＺＨＯＵｗａｓｂｏｒｎｉｎＤｅｃ．１９３３．Ｈｅｇｒａｄｕａｔｅ...     

肝脏MR四种扫描序列比较

目的 探讨豺脏ＭＲ扫描序列的最佳选择。方法 对２９例患者采用四种（ＳＥ、ＦＬＡＳＨ、Ｔｓｅ１１、Ｔｓｅ２３）扫描序列进行肝脏ＭＲ扫描,测量和计算图像的信噪比９ＳＮＲ）和对比度噪声比（ＣＮＲ）,同时对影像进行视觉评价。结果 ＦＬＡＳＨ和ＴＳＥ２３序列的ＳＮＲ和ＣＮＲ均不及Ｔｓｅ１１序列。结论 肝脏ＭＲ扫描ＦＬＡＳＨ序列可作为首选,Ｔｓｅ２３序列可作为辅助使用。     

可控源音频大地电磁法在地下水勘查中的应用研究

根据可控源音频大地电磁（ＣＳＡＭＴ）法进行地下水勘查时取得的大量资料，通过总结、分析与研究，提出了在蓄水构造的断层上，ＣＳＡＭＴ测量的视电阻车断面等值线图呈中间低、两侧高的异常特征．利用这一模式解决了在山区、半山区，很多地球物理方法难以解决的地下水勘查问题．经打井验证，成井率很高．     

STABILITY OF TORRENT BEDS CHARACTERISED BY STEP POOL TEXTURES

ＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＯＦＴＯＲＲＥＮＴＢＥＤＳＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＥＤＢＹＳＴＥＰＰＯＯＬＴＥＸＴＵＲＥＳ￥ＭｉｃｈａｅｌＲｏｓｐｏｒｔ（ＭｉｃｈａｅｌＲｏｓｐｏｒｔ，ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅ，ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＨｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃＳｔｒ...     

1932年昌马地震构造力学特征探讨

１９３２年昌马地震构造力学特征探讨郭万武，张范民，邢成起，温增平（国家地震局兰州地震研究所，兰州）ＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮＯＮＴＨＥＴＥＣＴＯＮＯＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＣＦＥＡＴＵＲＥＳＯＦ１９３２ＣＨＡＮＧＭＡＥＡＲＴＨＱＵＡＫＥＭｓ７．６￥ＧｕｏＷａｎｗｕ；...     

二维倾斜地形对大地电磁资料的影响与地形校正

二维倾斜地形影响,主要使ＴＭ极化模式的视电阻率降低。数值模拟结果证明,倾角小于１０°时,地形影响可以忽略,随着倾角的增大,地形影响急剧加强。同时,倾斜地形影响与周期有关,周期愈长,影响愈甚,而且,当倾角增大时,开始出现显著影响的周期提前。利用带地形均匀半空间与水平均匀半空间的电磁响应,计算出校正系数,进而可以消除或降低地形影响     

WATERSHED MANAGEMENT IN CHINA:CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES

ＷＡＴＥＲＳＨＥＤＭＡＮＡＧＥＭＥＮＴＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ：ＣＯＮＣＥＰＴＳＡＮＤＴＥＣＨＮＩＱＵＥＳ￥ＤＩＮＧＬｉａｎｚｈｅｎ（ＳｅｎｉｏｒＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ（ＨｉｇｈＧｒａｄｅ），ＩＲＴＣＥＳ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｉｒｒａｔｉｏｎａｌｌａｎｄｕｓｅｓｓｕｃ...     

试论大地电磁测深法在地震前兆探索中的进一步应用

从大地电磁测深理论分析和实际资料数字试验出发,我们探讨了有关提高大地电磁测深法监测深部电性变化前兆效能的某些问题.研究结果表明,在所定义的几种大地电磁视电阻率中,尚未加以利用的阻抗实部视电阻率具有某些独特的优点,可能成为监测深部电性变化的一个较好的参数指标;应根据各记录道误差的分配,计算过程误差的传播和累加对不同大地电磁响应函数产生不同的影响,选择相对精度较高的参数作为主要监测参量;而识别深部电性变化的多参数综合判别方法应是基本的分析方法.实际观测到的反映地震前兆的某些大地电磁资料证实了上述论证.      

不规则场地上基础的动阻抗及其在入射波作用下的输入运动

本文根据边界元方法建立了位不规则场上刚体的动阻抗和在入射平面波作用下的有效输入运动的分析模型，分析模型考虑了不规则场地和基础对入射波的散射作用以及土与基础的相互作用，通过验证确认了本方法的正确性，文中计算了凹陷，高地和盆地三种不规则场地土不同条件基础的动阻和有效输入的运动，并与半空间地基上相应基础的情况作了对比，计算表明，当基础尺寸与不规则场地范围可比时有必要用本文模型分析不规则场地的影响和土一结     

RESTORATION OF THE ORIGINAL TOPOGRAPHY OF THE XIAONANHAI LANDSLIDE IN CHONGQING AND CALCULATION OF ITS VOLUME

As documented in history, an M6¼ earthquake occurred between Qianjiang, Chongqing and Xianfeng, Hubei(also named the Daluba event)in 1856. This earthquake caused serious geological hazards, including a lot of landslides at Xiaonanhai, Wangdahai, Zhangshangjie and other places. Among them, the Xiaonanhai landslide is a gigantic one, which buried a village and blocked the river, creating a quake lake that has been preserved to this day. As the Xiaonanhai landslide is a historical earthquake-induced landslide, it is impossible to obtain the remote sensing image and DEM data before the earthquake, which brings certain difficulties to the estimation of landslide volume and the establishment of numerical simulation model. In this paper, the original topography before the earthquake is inferred by the methods of geomorphic analogy in adjacent areas and numerical simulation, and the volume of the Xiaonanhai landslide body is calculated. Firstly, the principle and application of UAV aerial photography are introduced. We employed an unmanned airplane to take pictures of the Xiaonanhai landslide and adjacent areas, yielding high-precision DOM images(digital orthophoto graph)and DEM data which permit generating terrain contours with a 25m interval. We also used the method of intensive manual depth measurement in waters to obtain the DEM data of bottom topography of Xiaonanhai quake lake. Based on field investigations, and combining terrain contours and DOM images, we described the sizes and forms of each slump mass in detail. Secondly, considering that the internal and external dynamic geological processes of shaping landforms in the same place are basically the same, the landforms such as ridges and valleys are also basically similar. Therefore, combining with the surrounding topography and landform of the Xiaonanhai area, we used MATLAB software to reconstruct two possible original landform models before the landslide. The original topography presented by model A is a relatively gentle slope, with a slope of 40°~50°, and the original topography presented by model B is a very high and steep slope, with a slope of 70°~80°. Thirdly, Geostudio software is used to conduct numerical simulation analysis on the slope stability. The safety factor of slope stability and the scale of landslide are analyzed under the conditions of static stability, seismic dynamic response and seismic dynamic response considering topographic amplification effect. The results show that large landslide is more likely to occur in model B, which is more consistent with the reality. In order to verify the credibility of recovered DEM data of valley bottom topography, we visited the government of Qianjiang District, collected the drilling data of 11 boreholes in two survey lines of Xiaonanhai weir dam. It is verified that the recovered valley bottom elevation is basically consistent with that revealed by the borehole data. Finally, according to the two kinds of topographic data before and after the landslide, the volume of the landslide is calculated by using the filling and excavation analysis function of ArcGIS software. There is a gap between the calculation results of filling and excavation, the filling data is 3×10⁶m³ larger than the excavation data. The reasons are mainly as follows: 1)Due to the disorderly accumulation of collapse blocks, the porosity of the accumulation body became larger, causing the volume of the fill to expand; 2)It has been more than 150a since the Xiaonanhai earthquake, and the landslide accumulation has been seriously reconstructed, therefore, there are some errors in the filling data; 3)The accumulation body in Xiaonanhai quake lake might be subject to erosion and siltation, this may affect the accuracy of the filling data. In conclusion, it is considered that the calculated results of the excavation are relatively reliable, with a volume of 4.3×10⁷m³.     

自适应非结构有限元MT二维起伏地形正反演研究

在山区进行MT勘探时,用规则网格有限元方法模拟起伏地形会受到限制.本文采用非结构三角网格可以有效地模拟任意二维地质结构,如起伏地形、倾斜岩层和多尺度构造等.正演引入自适应有限元方法,其在网格剖分过程中能根据单元误差自动细化网格,保证了正演结果的精度.将自适应有限元与Occam算法结合,且引用并行处理技术提高正反演计算速度.通过对比两个理论模型,讨论了地形对MT正演响应的影响;其次进行了不同地电模型带地形反演展示了本文算法的正确性和适用性;最后将该方法应用于实测MT数据处理,证明了自适应非结构有限元方法是复杂地形下处理MT数据的有力工具.     

2.5维起伏地表条件下时间域航空电磁正演模拟

时间域航空电磁作为一种高效地球物理勘探技术特别适合我国地形复杂地区(沙漠、高山、湖泊、沼泽等)资源勘查.然而,这些地区地形起伏较大,对航空电磁响应有严重影响,忽略地形影响会给航空电磁数据解释造成很大误差.到目前为止人们对航空电磁地形效应特征研究十分有限.本文提出了基于非结构化网格的有限元法模拟带地形时间域航空电磁系统响应.该方法与基于结构化网格的有限差分相比能更好地模拟地形.首先通过傅里叶变换将2.5维问题转化成二维问题,利用伽辽金方法对二维问题进行离散.通过使用MUMPS求解器,得到波数域电磁响应.利用反傅里叶变换将波数域电磁响应变换到空间域,并利用正弦变换将其变换到时间域,得到2.5维时间域航空电磁响应.通过将本文的计算结果与半空间模型解析解及其他已发表的结果进行对比,检验了本文算法的精度.最后,我们系统分析了山峰和山谷地形对航空响应的影响特征.本文研究结果对航空电磁地形效应的识别和校正具有指导意义.     

起伏地形条件下层状介质的视电阻率计算及其在地电前兆分析中的应用

本文以二维层状介质模型为基础利用边界单元法,对地形起伏所引起的视电阻率变化进行了数值模拟,探讨了水平层状介质表层存在不规则地形条件下地电阻率的理论计算方法,并讨论了地形对地电前兆复杂性的影响。结果表明,起伏较大的地形变化对视电阻率相对变化量中的深层电阻率变化有减小作用,这就降低了地电观测资料中包含的深层电性信息的比例,因而对突出地电观测资料中孕震变化的成份是不利的。     

地震波在粘弹介质中的传播及地形效应

本文应用有限元法研究了几种不规则地形及典型地质构造对粘弹波传播的影响.在SH 波和 P 波垂直入射的条件下,计算了各模型中地震波与地表的位移和加速度的最大振幅分布,同时讨论了它们在工程地震中的可能应用.      

3D geoelectric model of the Mutnov steam hydrothermal deposit

The article discusses the results of the interpretation of magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) data generated in the vicinity of the Mutnov steam hydrothermal deposit during the period from 2004 to 2006. Approaches to an interpretation of magnetotelluric (MT) data in a situation characterized by significant 3D distortions and the coastal effect phenomenon are discussed. The resulting 3D geoelectric model is presented. Based on analysis of the created geoelectric model, the principal geoelectric horizons are characterized, which includes the parameters of the integral conductivity and the morphology of the geoelectric boundaries. Zones of the highest values of the electrical conductivity of the watered tuffaceous sediment horizon have been identified, as well as zones of the maximum lateral electrical conductivity contrasts that are interpreted as discharge zones of hydrotherms. The results of the drilling carried out based on MTS data are presented.     

局部山体地形对强地面运动的影响研究

基于曲线网格有限差分方法研究了地震波在不同坡度的山体地形及水平地表模型中的传播,得到了各模型速度波形及地表峰值速度特征,从地形自身特征及震源特征两方面出发讨论了地形效应:一是相同的震源模型下地形坡度、形状对地震动的影响;二是同一山体模型下地震动对不同震源机制的点源以及相对复杂的有限断层的响应.主要结论如下:(1)一般情况下,地形放大效应在坡度较大的地方比较明显,并随着坡度的增加而增大,但在某些特定情况下,放大效应与坡度并不满足正相关,且这种情况的发生与震源性质无关,可能仅受地形形态自身的影响;(2)对于不同的震源机制,地面运动各分量受地形影响程度不同,总体上水平分量受地形影响程度更大;(3)震源机制和震源激发的波的频率会影响放大效应最大值出现的位置,放大效应最大值不一定出现在山顶处,有可能会出现在起伏地形的震源对侧,出现位置可能与波的相互作用有关;(4)有限断层模型下,地面运动特征相对更为复杂,地形效应不仅受断层模型几何特征的影响,同时断层破裂过程对其也有着重要的影响.     

The deep structure of the southern kamchatka volcanic zone from geophysical data

We discuss the interpretation method and results of magnetotelluric soundings in combination with other geological and geophysical data. The interpretation method was developed by studying possible distortions in MTS curves using 3D-numerical modeling of the magnetotelluric field. Deep conductivity was studied by using longitudinal MTS curves below a period of 400 s, which are nearly unaffected by the induction effect due to marine electrical currents. Transverse curves were used to obtain more detail for the geoelectric model. Inversion of average longitudinal MTS curves resulted in a geoelectric section of the lithosphere down to a depth of 60 km. Anomalies of high conductivity in the lithosphere were detected and were found to produce certain effects in gravity and seismic velocities. MTS and seismic tomography data were used to determine the possible origin of the high conductivity anomaly and to estimate rock porosity and the concentration of magma melts.