腾冲、长白山、五大连池新生代火山岩Sr、Nd、Pb同位素地球化学特征

概括了腾冲、长白山、五大连池新生代火山岩岩石学、岩石化学基本特征,探讨了Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｐｂ同位素地球化学特征和岩浆源区性质。腾冲火山岩为高钾钙碱性岩系,高８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ、高２０６Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ、２０８Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ、低１４３Ｎｄ／１４４Ｎｄ,岩浆源区为俯冲带再循环富集地幔。长白山火山岩为超钾钙碱性岩系,低Ｓｒ高８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ,εＮｄ为－２３—＋２９,Ｐｂ同位素组成变化不大,岩浆源区为俯冲带再循环地幔。五大连池火山岩为超钾碱性岩系,高８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ、低１４３Ｎｄ／１４４Ｎｄ和２０６Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ、２０８Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ,岩浆源区为地幔内部交代作用所产生的富集地幔。     

滇西古特提斯构造带玄武岩Dupal异常

滇西古特提斯构造带某些玄武岩的Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｐｂ同位素资料显示存在富集放射成因Ｐｂ同位素的Ｄｕｐａｌ异常。五素玄武岩的＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ＝０．７０６３，εＮｄ（Ｔ）＝５．４－６．５；铜厂街洋岛玄武岩的８７＾Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ＝０．７０３６－０．７０８３，εＮｄ（Ｔ）＝０．６５－６；双沟、德钦、铜厂街、勐连蛇绿岩玄武岩的＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ＝０．７０３８－０．７０７３，εＮｄ（Ｔ）＝８．２－１０．     

在壳幔作用过程中Sr含量对岩浆岩Sr同位素组成的影响：兼论东南？…

在壳幔作用过程中,壳幔源岩浆常会发生一定程度的混合,而它们Ｓｒ含量的差异会对混合岩浆的Ｓｒ同位素组成产生重大影响。本文简要介绍壳幔源岩浆的Ｓｒ含量差异对形成大陆型等同位素组成的双峰式火山岩的制约、幔源基性岩浆岩高（＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ）ｉ的可能成因、岩浆混合程度的定量计算及壳幔相互作用的一些最新的观点与研究成果,并讨论东南沿海白垩纪等同位素组成的双峰式火山岩的成因,指出基性端员玄武岩起源于上地幔     

武山铜矿层状含铜黄铁矿矿体锶同位素地球化学特征及矿床成因

武山铜矿层状含铜黄铁矿矿体与花岗闪长斑岩具有完全不同的Ｓｒ同位素组成。层状矿体中胶黄铁矿、黄铁矿的＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ比值变化于０．７１１７－０．７２４１之间，而花岗闪长斑岩中长石和磷灰石的＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ在０．７０７２－０．７０９９之间。     

长江中下游铜铁多金属矿床铅同位素特征

本文通过对长江中下游地区侵入岩长石铅、矿石硫化物铅同位素组成对比研究，说明长江中下游铜铁多金属成矿带可划分为东区和西区，东、西两区的侵入岩长石铅和矿石硫化物铅同位素组成具有明显差异，在＾２０７Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ－＾２０６Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ图上它们的投影点明显地分为两个分布区。     

南沙NS90-103钻孔沉积物Sr-Nd同位素组成及其气候环境信息探讨

对采自南沙海域ＮＳ９０－１０３钻孔碎屑沉积物的Ｓｒ－Ｎｄ同位素组成及其微量元素 地球化学特征进行探讨,解析其气候环境信息．结果表明,沉积物~８７Ｓｒ／~８６Ｓｒ比值在末次 冰期（０．７２２４～０．７２３）明显高于全新世和末次间冰期盛期比值（０．７２１０～０．７２１７）,反映周 边陆源区在末次冰期风化程度明显加强~１４３Ｎｄ／~１４４Ｎｄ表现为末次冰期相对较高的特点, 结合微量元素的结果可以看出,一方面由于该区末次冰期自生沉积物,例如Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ氧 化物量增加,以及对沉积物Ｎｄ同位素比值升高有所贡献,更重要的是由于末次冰期东 北季风加强、来自北方华南大陆的碎屑物质相对增多所致。     

柿竹园超大型钨多金属矿床形成的壳幔相互作用背景

与柿竹园超大型钨多金属矿床有关的千里山花岗岩属铝质碱性花岗岩．矿区内玄武岩、碱性岩、花岗岩的时空组合及岩石化学、微量元素和Ｎｄ,Ｐｂ,Ｓｒ,Ｏ同位素组成特征一致表明,该超大型矿床形成过程中伴有较强烈的深源岩浆活动,壳幔相互作用对柿竹园超大型矿床的形成有重要贡献．     

燕辽-阴山三叠纪碱性侵入岩年代学和Sr,Nd, Pb同位素特征及意义

燕辽－阴山地区 １５个碱性岩体同位素年龄的变化范围为 １９０～２６８ Ｍａ,其中 １０ 个年龄在 ２０８～２５０ Ｍａ之间,指示出它们主要形成于三叠纪． ε_（Ｎｄ）（ｔ）,ε_（Ｓｒ）（ｔ）和Ｉｓｒ（ｔ）初始值 变化范围分别为－３．２１～１７．１９, １１．７～７１．５和 ０．７０５ ０～０．７０９ ３,平均值依次是－７．０９, ３６．６３和 ０．７０６ ８,反映出它们的富集性质．在ε_（Ｎｄ）（ｔ）－ ε_（Ｓｒ）（ｔ）相关图中,这些岩石的投影点 均落在富集地幔演化趋势线内及其附近,并具有地幔铅的同位素组成,表明它们与富 集地幔储库物质关系密切．     

地下水中气体动态变化与地震的关系

通过对位于北京城东光华热水井和城北小汤山温泉水中＾４Ｈｅ／＾２０Ｎｅ、＾４Ｈｅ／＾４０Ａｒ、Ｎ１／Ａｒ、Ｈ２／Ａｒ和ＣＯ２／Ａｒ比值监测资料的分析研究，阐述了气体在断层介质上的吸附与脱附的平衡原理，利用声发射振动作用合理地解释了地下水中的各若气体比值在地震前明显的异常变化机制。     

地壳的新的地球物理模型与石油的无机成因说

根据深地震测深法，大爆破，天然地震转换波法，区域对比折射比，共深度点法，结合重，磁，电法等地球物理方法，建立了含油气盆地的“缺花岗岩”型的地壳模型，这种模型地地质条件下费托合成无机油气；近期提出的深部－浅部“立交桥模型”更为这种油气生成，运移成藏提供了可能；而沥青，干酪根的Ｐｂ，Ｓｒ，Ｎｄ同位素数据则为原油的无机成因揭示了十分可靠的证据，原油中Ｓｉ－Ｃ键有机化全物的发现更为这种形成机理提供了一个重     

First-principles investigation of the concentration effect on equilibrium fractionation of Ca isotopes in forsterite

Previous theoretical studies have found that the concentration variations within a certain range have a prominent effect on inter-mineral equilibrium isotope fractionation(10^3 lna).Based on the density functional theory,we investigated how the average Ca–O bond length and the reduced partition function ratios(10^3 lnb)and103lna of 44 Ca/40 Ca in forsterite(Fo)are affected by its Ca concentration.Our results show that Ca–O bond length in forsterite ranges from 2.327 to 2.267 A with the Ca/(Ca+Mg)varying between a narrow range limited by an upper limit of 1/8 and a lower limit of 1/64.However,outside this narrow range,i.e.,Ca/(Ca+Mg)is lower than1/64 or higher than 1/8,Ca–O bond length becomes insensitive to Ca concentration and maintains to be a constant.Because the 10^3 lnb is negatively correlated with Ca–O bond length,the 10^3lnb significantly increases with decreasing Ca/(Ca+Mg)when 1/64相似文献   

鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源分析

通过对鱼苗时期鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物、饵料及鱼粪等样品总有机碳(TOC)含量、总氮(TN)含量、碳氮比(C/N)、δ^13 C及δ^15 N的测定,分析探讨了鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源,量化了网箱养殖废物对养殖区沉积物有机质的贡献.结果表明,网箱养殖区沉积物的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-27.67‰~-25.65‰和5.19‰~7.27‰,饵料的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-24.73‰和10.28‰,鱼粪的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-26.30‰和15.54‰.网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源主要有残饵、浮游生物及其他来源,其贡献率分别为48.3%±11.4%、25.6%±11.3%及26.0%±5.8%,而鱼粪的贡献几乎可以忽略不计.在水动力平流引起的扩散及沉积物的再悬浮的影响下,网箱养殖源有机质的扩散距离达1500 m.在鱼苗时期,鱼类网箱养殖的残饵是鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质的主要来源.     

Significance of isotopic and geochemical methods to determine the evolution of inland brackish and bitter water: An example from the Zuli river in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,China

With the increasing demand for water resources, the utilization of marginal water resources of poor-quality has become a focus of attention. The brackish water developed in the Loess Plateau is not only salty but also famous for its ‘bitterness’. In the present work, multi-isotope analysis (Sr, B) was combined with geochemical analysis to gain insight into the hydrogeochemical evolution and formation mechanisms of brackish water. These results demonstrate that groundwater in the headwater is influenced by carbonate weathering. After the confluence of several tributaries in the headwater, the total dissolved solids (TDS) of water is significantly increased. The dissolution of evaporates is shown to be the main source of salinity in brackish water, which also greatly affects the strontium isotopic composition of water. This includes the dissolution of Mg-rich minerals, which is the main cause of the bitterness. Furthermore, the release of calcium from the dissolution of gypsum may induce calcite precipitation and incongruent dissolution of dolomite, which also contributes to the enrichment of magnesium. The highly fractionated boron isotopic values observed in the upstream groundwater were explained by the absorption with clay minerals. The inflow of brackish groundwater is the source of river water. Then evaporation further aggravates the salinization of river water, with water quality evolving to saline conditions in the lower reach. When the river reaches the valley plain, the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios decreases significantly, which is primarily related to erosion of the riverbanks during runoff. These results indicate that water resource sustainability could be enhanced by directing focus to mitigating salinization in the source area of the catchment.     

Nd and Sr isotopic variations in Chinese eolian deposits during the past 8 Ma: Implications for provenance change

A record of changes in Nd and Sr isotopic composition of the eolian deposits from the central Loess Plateau has been determined for the past 8 Ma. The isotopic records of the silicate fraction of the Quaternary and Tertiary eolian deposits allow interpreting the interplay between the Sr isotopic variations in the eolian deposits and the late Cenozoic tectonic and climatic changes. The results indicate that the temporal variations of Nd and Sr isotopes show remarkable changes around the beginning of the Quaternary. The lower values of the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and the decreasing trend of the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios after 2.58 Ma ago are attributed to the additions of relatively younger crust materials in response to the climatic cooling and the late Cenozoic uplift induced glacial grinding in the high orogenic belts in central Asia. In this context, the substantial changes in climate and tectonics have modified dust sources significantly, and the Quaternary loess forming processes are preferentially sampling relatively younger and high relief crust materials than that of the Tertiary Red Clay.     

Helium isotope studies of the mantle xenoliths and megacrysts from the Cenozoic basalts in the eastern China

Helium isotope compositions of the mantle xenoliths and megacrysts in the Cenozoic basalts in the eastern China were measured. The samples were collected from Ludao of Heilongjiang, Huinan and Jiaohe of Jilin, Kuandian of Liaoning, Hannuoba of Hebei, Nüshan of Anhui, Dingan of Hainan. The³He/⁴He ratios of the mantle xenoliths and megacrysts from the most areas were about 1 × 10^-5, and were similar to those of the MORB, thus reflecting the characteristics of the MORB-typed depleted mantle. The³He/⁴He ratios of the mantle xenoliths from Jiaohe were 4.8×10^-6 and the³He/⁴He ratios of xenoliths from Hannuoba vary from 0.15× 10^-6 to 7.4 ×10^-6, obviously lower than those of the MORB, and even lower than the atmospheric helium isotope ratios, indicating that the continental mantle was strongly replaced in Jiaohe and Hannuoba areas. The helium isotope compositions of the mantle xenoliths and megacrysts in the same region vary in a very wide range. It is inferred that the mantle xenoliths and megacrysts were from different parts of the continental mantle. There were not necessary origin relations between the mantle xenoliths, megacrysts and their host basalts. An extremely high³He/⁴He ratio of garnet megacryst from Hannuoba, Hebei was found.     

Re-Os and Nd isotopes of black shales at the bottom of the Lower Cambrian from the northern Tarim Platform and their comparison with those from the Yangtze Platform

This paper reports Re-Os and Nd isotopes of black shales at the bottom of Lower Cambrian from the northern Tarim Basin and traces source materials of the black shales through isotopes. The average Re/Os, 187Re/188Os, and 187Os/188Os ratios of the black shales at the bottom of Lower Cambrian from the Tarim Basin are 7.18, 5.6438, and 1.9616, respectively. These isotopic ratios suggest the crustal sources of the black shales. The εNd(0) value is -13.17, the εNd(540 Ma) value is -7.32 and the Nd model ages are 1.535 Ga. These parameters in the black shales are quite consistent with those from the basement rocks. Based on the Re-Os and Nd isotopic characteristics of the black shales, we conclude that the continental crust mainly composed of basement rocks is the source material of the black shales. Through comparison of these isotopic parameters with those from the Yangtze Platform, it is clear that the Re-Os isotopic characteristics in the black shales from the Tarim and Yangtze platforms are quite different, which maybe indicates the differences in depositional settings between two platforms. These Re-Os isotopic data provide us with constraints to analyze the genetic relation between the two platforms.     

大布苏湖沉积剖面有机碳同位素特征与古环境

１９９４年９月,在吉林省大布苏湖湖盆东部,获取了总厚度为８．１０ｍ沉积剖面样品。以１０ｃｍ间隔采样,对样品中有机质成分及稳定碳同位素研究表明,沉积物中有机质主要来源于陆源高等植物,沉积物中有机物的δ＾１３Ｃ值指示了源生物的特征。在暖干时期,沉积物中有机质具有较高的δ＾１３Ｃ值;反之,冷湿时期,沉积物中有机质的δ＾１３Ｃ值降低,结合剖面碳酸盐含量及＾１４Ｃ年代分析表明,湖区１５０００年来经历了多期冷     

Multiple sulfur and oxygen isotope compositions in Beijing aerosol

Multiple sulfur isotopes(32S, 33 S, 34 S, 36S) and oxygen isotopes(16O, 18O) in Beijing aerosols were measured with MAT-253 isotope mass spectrometer. The δ34S values of Beijing aerosol samples range from 1.68‰ to 12.57‰ with an average value of 5.86‰, indicating that the major sulfur source is from direct emission during coal combustion. The δ18O values vary from 5.29‰ to 9.02‰ with an average value of 5.17‰, revealing that the sulfate in Beijing aerosols is mainly composed of the secondary sulfate. The main heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 in atmosphere is related to H2O2 in July and August, whereas H2O2 oxidation and Fe3+ catalytic oxidation with SO2 exist simultaneously in September and October. Remarkable sulfur isotope mass-independent fractionation effect is found in Beijing aerosols, which is commonly attributed to the photochemical oxidation of SO2 in the stratosphere. In addition, thermochemical reactions of sulfur-bearing compounds might be also a source of sulfur isotope anomalies based on the correlation between ?33S and CAPE.     

Chemostratigraphy of the Ediacaran basinal setting on the Yangtze platform,South China: Oceanographic and diagenetic aspects of the carbon isotopic depth gradient

The Ediacaran Yangtze platform in South China, which represents depositional settings ranging from coastal to basinal, provides valuable information for understanding climate changes and animal evolution during the Ediacaran Period. Although the shallower settings have been investigated, research on the basinal sections has been limited. This has hampered efforts to establish stratigraphic correlations and understand the oceanographic setting of the Yangtze platform. In this paper, the chemostratigraphy of a basinal section at Fengtan, Hunan Province, is reported based on analyses of stable carbon isotope profiles in carbonates (δ¹³C_carb), organic matter (δ¹³C_org), total organic carbon, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, and Mn, Rb, and Sr concentrations. The basinal section of the Doushantuo Formation, which is represented at Fengtan, provides data supporting regional correlations and oceanography. Three intervals in the Doushantuo Formation are correlated with the Three Gorges: (i) a negative δ¹³C_carb anomaly with stable δ¹³C_org values and altered ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in the lower section can be correlated to the boundary between Doushantuo Members 2 and 3 (Interval A); (ii) a relatively high δ¹³C_carb anomaly with unaltered ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (up to 0.7086) in the middle section corresponding to the lower part of Doushantuo Member 3 (Interval B); and (iii) a negative δ¹³C_carb anomaly with lowered δ values in the upper section can be correlated to the long interval of negative δ¹³C_carb (Interval C). The Gaskiers glaciation is likely represented in Interval A, and Interval C corresponds to the Shuram excursion reported for other Ediacaran localities. Our correlations confirm the depth gradient of δ¹³C_carb in the Yangtze platform and imply that reductive conditions prevailed in the basinal section from the Early to Middle Ediacaran. Under such conditions, anaerobic degradation of organic carbon or methane perturbed the inorganic carbon isotopic compositions and was at least partly responsible for the depth gradient of δ¹³C_carb.     

Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis of the geological time series of the oxygen isotope record from deep-sea cores

A Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis of the geological time series of the oxygen isotope 18 for the last 782,000 years showed 98,000 years as the most prominent periodicity, followed by 40,000 years of less than half the amplitude and still smaller peaks at 24,000, 67,000, 84,000, 107,000 and 786,000 years. Among the astronomical parameters, only eccentricity showed a similar periodicity viz. 96,000 years. Obliquity had a prominent periodicity at 41,000 years which was reflected in the oxygen isotope series also. Corresponding to the bimodal precession peaks (23,000 and 19,000 years), the oxygen isotope series showed a peak at 24,000 years and smaller peaks at 22,000 and 19,000 years. Our results compare well with those obtained byThomson (1990) with a more sophisticated method.