西乡群的时代与构造背景: 同位素年代学及地球化学制约

对西乡群下部白勉峡组和上部孙家河组进行了颗粒级锆石U-Pb同位素定年, 分别获得了(946±18)和(904±18) Ma的谐和年龄. 西乡群火山岩具有岛弧岩浆岩组合的元素和同位素地球化学特征, 且其形成环境具有由早期的前弧向晚期的弧后拉张盆地转变的演化趋势, 表明扬子西北缘于约0.95~0.90 Ga的晋宁期为活动性大陆边缘. 西乡群火山岩受到了后期(0.83~0.75 Ga)较大规模构造热事件的影响, 并使其Rb-Sr同位素体系发生了重置.     

地震作用下大型地下洞室群应力传播特征研究

选用攀枝花-会理地震波,通过基线校正和高频滤波,作为实际地震动输入,利用FLAC3D软件对某水电站大型地下洞室群进行了地震作用下应力传播特性的研究。数值分析结果表明,洞室群周围应力时程的变化趋势与输入加速度时程的变化趋势相似,但由于地震波的传播需要一定的时间,因此存在一定的滞后效应。洞室边墙出现了一定面积的拉应力区,随着输入加速度的增大,拉应力区的范围有所扩展,但是扩展的范围不大。所得结果对大型地下洞室群地震动传播特征问题的研究具有一定的参考意义。     

酒泉盆地群热演化史恢复及其对比研究

酒泉盆地群是由两期不同性质、不同世代盆地叠加而成的 .晚侏罗纪-早白垩世为拉张断陷盆地 ,第三纪以来为挤压坳陷盆地 .酒泉盆地群现今地温梯度及大地热流值都较低 ,地温梯度主要在 2 51- 3 0 0℃ /1 0 0m之间 ,大地热流值在 50- 57mW /m2 之间 .酒泉盆地群中生代晚期为拉张断陷 ,古地温梯度高 ,可达 3 75- 4 50℃ /1 0 0m ,新生代以来地温梯度逐渐降低 ,而花海盆地、酒西盆地石北凹陷沉降幅度小 ,古地温高于今地温 .下白垩统烃源岩热演化程度受古地温控制 .主生烃期仅有一次 ,为早白垩世晚期 .酒西盆地青西凹陷、酒东盆地营尔凹陷在新生代以来大幅度沉降 ,下白垩统烃源岩热演化程度受现今地温控制 .主生烃期有两次 ,一次为早白垩世晚期 ,另一次为晚第三纪以来 ,且以晚第三纪以来为主 .不同盆地及同一盆地不同构造单元由于构造热演化史的不同 ,主生烃期及油气勘探前景明显不同 .     

五台地区滹沱群砾岩物质源区及新太古代地壳生长:花岗岩和石英岩砾石锆石U-Pb年龄与Hf同位素制约

对五台地区滹沱群底部四集庄组砾岩进行了详细研究,并选择其中花岗岩和石英岩砾石进行了锆石U-Pb和Hf同位素分析.2个花岗岩砾石中锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄分别为(2513±8)和(2527±8)Ma,与五台地区王家会灰色相花岗岩和光明寺/石佛花岗岩的侵位时代一致;2个石英岩砾石中锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄主要集中于2550~2490Ma,峰值为~2.5Ga,与五台群高凡亚群石英岩锆石年龄谱特征相似.砾石特征及年龄结果表明,滹沱群底部砾岩的沉积物源区为五台群和五台地区新太古代花岗岩.结合滹沱群底部玄武安山岩的时代((2140±14)Ma),限定滹沱群初始沉积时代为早元古代中期.豆村-东冶亚群中变质玄武岩(2200~2100Ma)具有裂谷火山岩地球化学特征,同时豆村-东冶亚群中碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩沉积于伸展构造环境中.因此,滹沱群豆村-东冶亚群火山沉积岩系与华北克拉通中部早元古代中-晚期(2200~2100Ma)裂谷活动有关,而郭家寨群沉积于裂谷闭合过程或之后.四集庄组砾岩中,花岗岩和石英岩砾石的锆石大多具有正的Hf(t)值,少量锆石的Hf(t)值与同期亏损地幔值相近,多数锆石的亏损地幔模式年龄与锆石U-Pb年龄相差200~100Ma.花岗岩和石英岩的源区为滞留时间较短的地壳(~2.7Ga)部分熔融形成的,同时存在新生地壳或亏损地幔物质的添加.研究进一步表明,华北克拉通经历了多期地壳生长并在新太古代末期初步完成克拉通化.     

锚栓群锚抗拉性能试验研究

通过对膨胀型锚栓、扩底型锚栓、普通化学锚栓及特殊倒锥型化学锚栓进行单锚、两锚、四锚和八锚的抗拉试验,研究了群锚抗拉的破坏模式及受力性能,并对群锚受拉承载力的试验值与计算值进行了比较分析。结果表明,锚栓群锚抗拉破坏状态主要有:混凝土锥体破坏;锚栓钢材破坏。承载力试验值与《混凝土结构后锚固技术规程》计算值基本吻合。     

鄱阳湖浮游植物功能群的长期变化特征(2009-2016年)

鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖,每年都有剧烈的季节性水位变化.为了解鄱阳湖浮游植物功能群特征及其与环境因子的关系,2009-2016年每季度在鄱阳湖15个采样点采集水样,分析鄱阳湖的水质和浮游植物群落结构,并对浮游植物进行功能群划分.研究结果表明,鄱阳湖共检出浮游植物8门106属.2009-2016年平均生物量分别为0.044、0.252、0.335、6.379、3.945、2.912、3.562和1.550 mg/L.硅藻门为鄱阳湖浮游植物的优势门类.鄱阳湖浮游植物可划分为27个功能群,其中15个功能群（C、D、G、H1、J、Lo、M、MP、N、P、S1、Tc、Wo、W1和Y）为优势功能群.2009-2011年,功能群P、Y、MP、D为优势类群,2012-2016年,功能群P、Y、MP、H1、Lo为优势类群.鄱阳湖浮游植物优势功能群不同水文阶段的演替规律为：枯水期P、MP、Y、Lo、D,涨水期P、Y、D、MP、H1,丰水期P、Y、D、MP、Lo、H1,退水期P、Y、MP、G.RDA分析结果显示,水位变化、水温、透明度、电导率、悬浮物浓度和亚硝态氮浓度是影响鄱阳湖浮游植物功能群的主要环境因子.     

巢湖浮游藻类功能群的组成特性及其影响因素

2015年1-12月逐月采集了巢湖9个断面的浮游植物,并对所采植物进行功能群划分,结果显示,巢湖的浮游植物可以划分为15个功能群:C、N、P、MP、S2、X1、X3、Y、F、J、H1、H2、LM、M、W1.不同时期调查的植物优势功能群存在差异,其中H2在12次调查中的优势度均≥0.02,成为巢湖的绝对优势功能群,H2功能群的组成藻类为鱼腥藻,次要的功能群为M,主要组成藻类为微囊藻,两个功能群均为富营养化功能类群.巢湖植物优势功能群不同时期的演替规律为:1月H2+Y经2月H2+J,3月H2,4月H2+F,5月H2,6月M,7月M+H2,8、9月M,11月H2+M转变为12月H2.RDA分析结果显示,巢湖植物功能群分布受水环境因子影响较为明显,整体上,水温、溶解性总磷、溶解性总氮、高锰酸盐指数和水深是影响巢湖植物功能群分布格局的主要因素.     

秦岭丹凤群蛇绿岩古地磁学再研究

本文是对秦岭丹凤县桃花铺郭家沟剖面和商县三十里铺剖面丹凤群蛇绿岩标本的古地磁学研究结果.逐步热退磁和剩磁方向主分量分析表明,60％以上的标本含有可明显区分的3个剩磁组分.另外的约30％-40％的标本,尽管它们具有很高的天然剩磁强度,在150-200℃时,其剩磁强度即衰减50％以上,且显示出不稳定的方向.两种不同的磁性表现与不同的岩石组成和结构有关,特别是与岩石的结晶程度有关.经对3个剩磁组分成因的分析及与变质变形关系的研究,表明高温剩磁组分是原生.由高温剩磁组分得到丹凤群古地磁极位置为43.0°N,274.5°E,古纬度值为12.0°S.比较丹凤群的古地磁极位置和华北扬子块体古地磁极移曲线,发现它们之间存在显著差异,这表明丹凤群在古生代不从属于华北或扬子块体,而是一个独立的地体,很可能是秦岭古洋壳的残片,从而给丹凤群蛇绿岩赋予新的大地构造含义.     

循化-贵德地区新生代盆地发育及其对高原增生的指示

循化-贵德地区的循化盆地、贵德盆地和同仁盆地与拉鸡山和西秦岭北缘逆冲带相邻分布.盆地沉积地层主要由渐新统西宁群、渐新统上部至上新统贵德群和下更新统组成.它们由不整合界面分隔,划分为3个盆地相.盆地相1为西宁群,盆地相2为贵德群查让组、下东山组、贺尔加组和甘家砾岩组,盆地相3为共和组及下更新统.3个盆地相均在其中下部或底部发育湖泊沉积,向上转变为冲积扇-辫状河平原沉积体系,呈现出粒径向上不断加大的反序、进积沉积序列.盆地沉积、古流和沉积物碎屑成分分析表明,研究区在西宁群(盆地相1)沉积时期发育大型湖泊沉积盆地,盆地沉积物源主要来自于南侧的西秦岭逆冲带,而拉鸡山逆冲带处于沉积基准面之下,接受沉积;在贵德群(盆地相2)沉积时期,逆冲作用向北迁移,拉鸡山逆冲隆升,研究区盆地分割,主要沿拉鸡山逆冲带南北两侧发育点源扩散型冲积扇-辫状河平原沉积.研究区盆山系统演化对青藏高原远端增生过程具有重要的指示意义.研究结果表明,青藏高原新生代向北东的增生作用在渐新世(29～21.4Ma)已抵达西秦岭北缘地区,增生过程主要表现为向北的单向褶皱逆冲增厚隆升和前缘前陆盆地充填;中新世至上新世(20.8～2.6Ma)高原增生作用跨过研究区可能抵达祁连北缘和六盘山地区,增生过程主要表现为双向基底卷入式逆冲增厚隆升和分割式前陆盆地充填;上新世至早更新世(2.6～1.7Ma)高原远端主要表现为区域剥蚀夷平与山间盆地加积充填.     

循化-德地区新生代盆地发育及其对高原增生的指示

循化-贵德地区的循化盆地、贵德盆地和同仁盆地与拉鸡山和西秦岭北缘逆冲带相邻分布.盆地沉积地层主要由渐新统西宁群、渐新统上部至上新统贵德群和下更新统组成.它们由不整合界面分隔,划分为3个盆地相.盆地相1为西宁群,盆地相2为贵德群查让组、下东山组、贺尔加组和甘家砾岩组,盆地相3为共和组及下更新统.3个盆地相均在其中下部或底部发育湖泊沉积,向上转变为冲积扇-辫状河平原沉积体系,呈现出粒径向上不断加大的反序、进积沉积序列.盆地沉积、古流和沉积物碎屑成分分析表明,研究区在西宁群(盆地相1)沉积时期发育大型湖泊沉积盆地,盆地沉积物源主要来自于南侧的西秦岭逆冲带,而拉鸡山逆冲带处于沉积基准面之下,接受沉积;在贵德群(盆地相2)沉积时期,逆冲作用向北迁移,拉鸡山逆冲隆升,研究区盆地分割,主要沿拉鸡山逆冲带南北两侧发育点源扩散型冲积扇-辫状河平原沉积.研究区盆山系统演化对青藏高原远端增生过程具有重要的指示意义.研究结果表明,青藏高原新生代向北东的增生作用在渐新世(29～21.4Ma)已抵达西秦岭北缘地区,增生过程主要表现为向北的单向褶皱逆冲增厚隆升和前缘前陆盆地充填;中新世至上新世(20.8～2.6Ma)高原增生作用跨过研究区可能抵达祁连北缘和六盘山地区,增生过程主要表现为双向基底卷入式逆冲增厚隆升和分割式前陆盆地充填上新世至早更新世(2.6～1.7 Ma)高原远端主要表现为区域剥蚀夷平与山间盆地加积充填.     

The discovery of the Neoarchean mafic dyke swarm in Hengshan and reinterpretation of the previous "Wutai greenstone belt"

The structural mapping and section study indicate that the "greenstone belts" in the southern to central parts of Hengshan were intensively sheared and transposed mafic dyke swarm,which originally intruded into the Neoarchean grey gneiss and high-pressure granulite terrain(HPGT).The HPGT is characterized by flat-dipping structures,to the south it became steep and was cut by the Dianmen mafic dyke swarm.After high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphic event,the mafic dyke swarm occurred,and was associated with the extensional setting and reworked by the late strike-slip shearing.The zircon age dating proves that the Dianmen mafic dyke swarm was emplaced during the period between 2499±4 Ma and 2512±3 Ma,followed by late tectonothermal reworking.The Dianmen mafic dyke swarm further documents the extensional episode in the central to northern parts of North China Craton(NCC),providing the important constraint for the limit between Archean and Proterozoic and correlation between NCC and other cratonic blocks of the world.     

The discovery of the Neoarchean mafic dyke swarm in Hengshan and reinterpretation of the previous “Wutai greenstone belt”

The structural mapping and section study indicate that the “greenstone belts” in the southern to central parts of Hengshan were intensively sheared and transposed mafic dyke swarm, which originally intruded into the Neoarchean grey gneiss and high-pressure granulite terrain (HPGT). The HPGT is characterized by flat-dipping structures, to the south it became steep and was cut by the Dianmen mafic dyke swarm. After high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphic event, the mafic dyke swarm occurred, and was associated with the extensional setting and reworked by the late strike-slip shearing. The zircon age dating proves that the Dianmen mafic dyke swarm was emplaced during the period between 2499±4 Ma and 2512±3 Ma, followed by late tectonothermal reworking. The Dianmen mafic dyke swarm further documents the extensional episode in the central to northern parts of North China Craton (NCC), providing the important constraint for the limit between Archean and Proterozoic and correlation between NCC and other cratonic blocks of the world.     

Geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic implications of Xiongshan diabasic dike swarm, northern Fujian

Sm/Nd isotopic age determination showed that Xiongshan dike swarm was at 585.7 Ma ± 30 Ma. The trace element geochemistry and Sr/Nd/Pb isotope gemhemistry studies indicate that the dike swarm was products of back-arc basin spreading ridge and the magma originated from the depleted mantle region which was metasomatized by LILE-rich liquids/melts derived from subduction slab. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

The felsic dikes of La Gomera (Canary Islands): identification of cone sheet and radial dike swarms

On the northern part of La Gomera there exists a great abundance of trachytic–phonolitic dikes showing a broad diversity in dip and strike. Several methods have been applied in order to separate these dikes in different sets, localise the area from where they derive, and reconstruct the geometry of the swarms. The oldest dikes correspond to a radial swarm dated at 8 Ma. The felsic activity migrated then southwestwards and a second radial swarm and a cone sheet complex were developed between 7.5 and 6.4 Ma ago. The cone sheet complex is 10 km in diameter and shared its centre with that of the second radial structure. The cone sheets exhibit an outward decrease of dip angle whilst every individual sheet maintains a constant inclination. This geometry reflects the existence of an ancient single dome-shaped shallow magma chamber situated some 1650 m below present sea level. The eastern radial swarm represents a felsic episode that could mark the ending of the Lower Old Basalts, the earlier subaerial activity of La Gomera. The two other dike swarms represent a younger episode coeval with the Upper Old Basalts.     

Basement control on dyke distribution in Large Igneous Provinces: Case study of the Karoo triple junction

Continental flood basalts consist of vast quantities of lava, sills and giant dyke swarms that are associated with continental break-up. The commonly radiating geometry of dyke swarms in these provinces is generally interpreted as the result of the stress regime that affected the lithosphere during the initial stage of continental break-up or as the result of plume impact. On the other hand, structures in the basement may also control dyke orientations, though such control has not previously been documented. In order to test the role of pre-dyke structures, we investigated four major putative Karoo-aged dyke swarms that taken together represent a giant radiating dyke swarm (the so-called “triple-junction”) ascribed to the Jurassic Karoo continental flood basalt (> 3 × 10⁶ km²; southern Africa). One of the best tests to discriminate between neoformed and inherited dyke orientation is to detect Precambrian dykes in the Jurassic swarms. Accordingly, we efficiently distinguished between Jurassic and Precambrian dykes using abbreviated low resolution, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar incremental heating schedules.Save-Limpopo dyke swarm samples (n = 19) yield either apparent Proterozoic (728–1683 Ma) or Mesozoic (131–179 Ma) integrated ages; the Olifants River swarm (n = 20) includes only Proterozoic (851–1731 Ma) and Archaean (2470–2872 Ma) dykes. The single age obtained on one N–S striking dyke (1464 Ma) suggests that the Lebombo dyke swarm includes Proterozoic dykes in the basement as well. These dates demonstrate the existence of pre-Karoo dykes in these swarms as previously hypothesized without supporting age data. In addition, aeromagnetic and air-photo interpretations indicate that: (1) dyke emplacement was largely controlled by major discontinuities such as the Zimbabwe and Kaapvaal craton boundaries, the orientation of the Limpopo mobile belt, and other pre-dyke structures including shear zones and (2) considering its polygenetic, pre-Mesozoic origin, the Olif ants River dyke swarm cannot be considered part of the Karoo magmatic event.This study, along with previous results obtained on the Okavango dyke swarm, shows that the apparent “triple junction” formed by radiating dyke swarms is not a Jurassic structure; rather, it reflects weakened lithospheric pathways that have controlled dyke orientations over hundreds of millions of years. One consequence is that the “triple-junction” geometry can no longer be unambiguously used as a mantle plume marker as previously proposed, although it does not preclude the possible existence of a mantle plume. More generally, we suggest that most Phanerozoic dyke swarms (including triple junctions) related to continental flood basalts were probably controlled in part by pre-existing lithospheric discontinuities.     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating and its geological significance of Chibaisong gabbro in Tonghua area,Jilin Province,China

The basic dykes are widely distributed in the Tonghua area, among which the Chibaisong No.1 gabbro has attracted many geologists’ attention to the copper-nickel sulfide deposit within it. However, its formation time has been controversial all the time. Most geologists considered that it could be formed at the late Archean or the Paleoproterozoic[1]1), while some other geologists contended that it might be formed in early Yanshannian of Mesozoic2). The forming time of the basic dyke swarm i…     

Exhumed Himalayan-type syntaxis in the Grenville orogen, northeastern Laurentia

A deep-seated analog of the syntaxis developed in the Tibetan Plateau occurs in the Grenville Orogen of eastern Laurentia. During the final assembly of Rodinia, Amazonia collided with Laurentia and produced a series of large, conjugate, transcurrent, shear systems and pervasive strike-slip deformation that overprinted compressional structures related to the Ottawan Orogeny (the last orogenic phase of what is considered Grenvillian). A northeast-striking dextral system at least 35-km wide developed in the Reading Prong of New York (locally known as the Hudson Highlands), New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. U-Pb SHRIMP zircon geochronology and Ar/Ar thermochronology on the lowest grade cataclasites constrain the age of movement between 1008 and 876 Ma. A 60-km-wide, east-west striking, sinistral shear system developed across the central Adirondack Highlands. This system overprints rocks with granulite-facies metamorphic assemblages containing ca. 1050 Ma metamorphic zircons and is cut by a swarm of 950 Ma leucogranites. The timing, geometric relationships, and shear sense of the Adirondacks and Reading Prong shear systems suggest a conjugate system within a syntaxis with bulk compression directed ENE–WSW. This tectonic scenario invokes a component of strike-parallel deformation during the Ottawan Orogeny and provides a kinematic mechanism for an otherwise enigmatic, synchronous, late (ca. 930 Ma) extensional event including the Carthage–Colton mylonite zone in the northwest Adirondacks and Canada.     

Paleomagnetic constraints on Miocene rotation in the central Japan Arc

We present new Middle Miocene paleomagnetic data for the central Japan Arc, and discuss their implications for Miocene rotation. To obtain a refined paleodirection, we made magnetic measurements on basaltic to andesitic lavas and intrusive rocks from 12 sites in the Tsugu volcanic rocks (ca 15 Ma) in the northern part of the Shitara area, Japan. Significant secondary magnetizations in samples with strong magnetic intensities are interpreted as lightning‐induced components. Mean directions carried by magnetite and/or titanomagnetite were determined for all sites. An overall mean direction with a northerly declination was obtained from dual‐polarity site means for nine sites. This direction is indistinguishable from the mean direction for coeval parallel dikes in the northern part of the Shitara area, and also indistinguishable from the Miocene reference direction derived from the paleopole for the North China Block in the Asian continent. These comparisons suggest little or no rotation or latitudinal motion in the study area with respect to the North China Block since 15 Ma. We obtained a refined early Middle Miocene paleodirection (D = 9.7°, I = 52.5°, α₉₅ = 4.8°; 30 sites) and paleopole (82.0°N, 230.8°E, A₉₅ = 5.6°) for Shitara by combining data from the Tsugu volcanic rocks and a coeval dike swarm. An anomalous direction found at three sites could be a record of an extraordinary field during a geomagnetic polarity transition or excursion. Paleomagnetic data from Shitara suggest that: (i) the western wing of the Kanto Syntaxis, a prominent cuspate geologic structure in central Honshu, underwent a counterclockwise rotation with respect to the main part of the southwestern Japan Arc between ca 17.5 Ma and 15 Ma; (ii) collision between the Japan and Izu–Bonin (Ogasawara) Arcs began prior to 15 Ma; and (iii) clockwise rotation of the entire southwestern part of the Japan Arc had ceased by 15 Ma.     

Age and associated stress field of middle Miocene back-arc basalt magmatism in Northeast Japan

A large volume of middle Miocene basaltic rocks is widely distributed across the back-arc region of Northeast Japan, including around the Dewa Mountains. Petrological research has shown that basaltic rocks of the Aosawa Formation around the Dewa Mountains were generated as a result of the opening of the Sea of Japan. To determine the precise ages of the middle Miocene basaltic magmatism, we conducted U–Pb and fission-track (FT) dating of a rhyolite lava that constitutes the uppermost part of the Aosawa Formation. In addition, we estimated the paleostress field of the volcanism using data from a basaltic dike swarm in the same formation. The rhyolite lava yields a U–Pb age of 10.73 ±0.22 Ma (2σ) and a FT age of 10.6 ±1.6 Ma (2σ), and the paleostress analysis suggests a normal-faulting stress regime with a NW–SE-trending σ₃-axis, a relatively high stress ratio, and a relatively high magma pressure. Our results show that the late Aosawa magmatism occurred under NW–SE extensional stress and ended at ~ 11 Ma.     

Zircon and apatite fission track analyses on mineralization ages and tectonic activities of Tuwu-Yandong porphyry copper deposit in northern Xinjiang, China

The mineralization ages reported in the past in the Tuwu-Yandong copper district not only are different,but also fall into the Hercynian epoch.This study has achieved 9 zircon and 7 apatite fission track analysis results.The zircon fission track ages range from 158 Ma to 289 Ma and the apatite ages are between 64 Ma and 140 Ma.The mineralization accords with the regional tectonics in the copper district.We consider that the zircon fission track age could reveal the mineralization age based on annealing zone temperature of 140―300℃ and retention temperature of ～250℃ for zircon fission track,and metallogenetic temperature of 120―350℃ in this ore district.Total three mineralization epochs have been identified,i.e.,289―276 Ma,232―200 Ma and 165―158 Ma,and indicate occurrence of the min-eralization in the Indosinian and Yanshan epochs.Corresponding to apatite fission track ages,the three tectonic-mineralizing epochs are 140―132 Ma,109―97 Ma and 64 Ma,which means age at about 100℃ after the mineralization.The three epochs lasted 146 Ma,108 Ma and about 100 Ma from ～250℃ to ～100℃ and trend decrease from early to late.It is shown by the fission track modeling that this district underwent three stages of geological thermal histories,stable in Cretaceous and cooling both before Cretaceous and after 20 Ma.