赣南地区历史地震补充研究

通过对赣南地区历史地震资料系统地调查研究,以地域人文背景、史志记载情况等为切入点,综合考证历史地震记载的完整性,并在充分挖掘可用信息的基础上,对公元412年、1603年、1847年和1888年等历史地震事件进行了甄别和参数核定。研究表明,公元1500年之后赣南地区的地震记载相对较连续;区内地震活动呈自东南向西北逐渐减弱的趋势,且地震主要分布在NE或NNE向主干断裂附近,以及主干断裂与NW向断裂的交接复合地区;原地重复发生地震的频率相对较高。该结果可用于修定新版地震目录、开展重大建设项目工程场地的地震安全性评价及历史地震调查等工作中,为区域地震活动性研究、防震减灾规划决策等提供基础依据。      

图们江流域历史地震资料的分析与研究

地震危险性分析和地震灾害损失估计是城市防震减灾工作的基础,而历史地震活动的研究是分析和估计未来地震危险性的必要依据之一。近年来,我们通过历史地震资料的发掘和现场考察,对图们江流域的地震活动特性有了新的认识,为延边地区城市工程建设提供了较可靠的的科学依据。     

历史地震目录修订问题

中国地震目录历经四次大规模的修订,已渐趋完善,然而,由于资料的不足和认识的差异,对地震目录中,特别是历史地震目录中一些参数的确定,甚至地震的增删,还存在不同看法和外议,给实际使用造成一定困难。本文针对目前历史地震目录确定中存在的多观点状态,提出四个方面的问题,希望引起历史地震工作者讨论,以期共同制定一个能为大家接受的历史地震参数确定方法的规约。     

皖南地区历史地震略考

在皖南地区,作者近年来从事过多项重大建设工程场地的历史地震调查工作,本文以皖南地区为例,根据历史地震资料,对一些历史地震提出有待商榷的论点,希望能对该地区的历史地震研究有所裨益,其目的在于促进历史地震调查更好地服务于工程建设.     

2003年甘肃民乐—山丹6.1、5.8级地震震害特点及启示

通过对2003年民乐—山丹6.1、5.8级地震震害调查资料的综合分析,阐述了本次地震震区环境背景情况,揭示了宏观地震烈度分布特征,较为全面地分析了地震的震害特点,讨论了与其相关的工程地震问题,归纳总结了防御与减轻地震灾害的经验与启示。对西部村镇工程抗震设计、施工和管理以及农村地震安居工程的规划实施等具有一定的参考价值。     

Discussion on Amending and Compiling the Historical Earthquake Catalogue

In this paper, some opinions related to amending and compiling the historical earthquake catalog are proposed. They include the following points: (1) the catalog should be based on historically recorded facts; (2) we should consider the accuracy that could actually be attained through the use of historical earthquake data; (3) emphasis should be placed on field survey of historical earthquakes; (4) use engineering seismology and earthquake prediction to develop research in historical earthquakes.     

历史地震考察中历史资料辨伪与查证

本文通过具体实例说明在查阅历史地震记载资料时应特别注意以下几个方面:(1)地震历史记载的辨别;(2)地震历史记载资料评价的应用;(3)无震历史记载的查证;(4)历史行政分区和地名考证的应用。在历史地震记载的真实性、可靠性确定之后,确定的地震参数才可信、可用。     

大震应急图纸数字化建设的设想

在工作实践的基础上,详细说明大震应急图纸在地震救灾、灾后重建、地震现场科学考察、工程开发、地震预报综合研究、大震应急现场指挥等方面的重要作用;认真分析了目前管理和使用大震应急图纸的弊端以及图纸数字化建设的必要性;重点阐述大震应急图纸数字化建设的思路、方法和任务。     

Earthquake safety in India: achievements,challenges and opportunities

The Indian subcontinent has suffered some of the greatest earthquakes in the world. The earthquakes of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries triggered a number of early advances in science and engineering related to earthquakes that are discussed here. These include the development of early codes and earthquake-resistant housing after the 1935 Quetta earthquake in Baluchistan, and strengthening techniques implemented after the 1941 Andaman Islands earthquake, discovered by the author in remote islands of India. Activities in the late 1950s to institutionalize earthquake engineering in the country are also discussed. Despite these early developments towards seismic safety, moderate earthquakes in India continue to cause thousands of deaths, indicating the poor seismic resilience of the built environment. The Bhuj earthquake of 2001 highlighted a striking disregard for structural design principles and quality of construction. This earthquake was the first instance of an earthquake causing collapses of modern multi-storey buildings in India, and it triggered unprecedented awareness amongst professionals, academics and the general public. The earthquake led to the further development of the National Information Centre of Earthquake Engineering and the establishment of a comprehensive 4-year National Programme on Earthquake Engineering Education that was carried out by the seven Indian Institutes of Technology and the Indian Institute of Science. Earthquake engineering is a highly context-specific discipline and there are many engineering problems where appropriate solutions need to be found locally. Confined masonry construction is one such building typology that the author has been championing for the subcontinent. Development of the student hostels and staff and faculty housing on the new 400-acre campus of the Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar has provided an opportunity to adopt this construction typology on a large scale, and is addressed in the monograph. The vulnerability of the building stock in India is also evident from the occasional news reports of collapses of buildings under construction or during rains (without any earthquake shaking). Given India’s aspirations to be counted as one of the world’s prosperous countries, there is a great urgency to address the safety of our built environment. There is a need: to create a more professional environment for safe construction, including a system for code enforcement and building inspection; for competence-based licensing of civil and structural engineers; for training and education of all stakeholders in the construction chain; to build a research and development culture for seismic safety; to encourage champions of seismic safety; to effectively use windows of opportunity provided by damaging earthquakes; to focus on new construction as opposed to retrofitting existing buildings; and to frame the problem in the broader context of overall building safety rather than the specific context of earthquakes. Sustained long-term efforts are required to address this multi-faceted complex problem of great importance to the future development of India. While the context of this paper is India, many of the observations may be valid and useful for other earthquake-prone countries.     

The magnetic susceptibility measurements of turbidity current sediments from Fuxian Lake of Yunnan Province and their correlations with earthquakes

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甘肃中东部地区新增补的几次中强历史地震

在甘肃中东部地区进行历史地震资料考证和野外实地调查过程中,新整理了7次中强历史地震的史料。根据综合分析及类比的原则和方法,初步确定或修订了各次地震的基本参数,为深入分析该地区的地震构造活动提供了新的资料和线索。     

1614年平遥6?级地震参数探讨研究

本文收集了1614年平遥6?级地震的各版本地震目录的参数、记录此次地震的历史史料、关于该地震的研究文献,对比了山西断陷盆地的12次5.2级至6?级历史地震和现代地震的破坏情况及有感范围,得出了此次地震的震级偏大,定为5?级更为合适的结论。同时,在前人对该地震震中参数研究的基础上,运用地震参数校订的新方法,重点定量分析了平遥一带仪器记录的小震空间分布、震群分布和地震密集值分布特征,并结合平遥一带断裂分布特征,综合分析讨论了平遥地震的震中参数。     

论历史地震震中的甄别与修定原则

地震的基本参数是一切有关地震研究的基础，尤其是震中及震级是工程地震研究最重要的基础数据，对于特定的工程场地和研究区域，某些地震震中的位置，对地震构造环境的评价，潜在震源区的划分起着举足轻重的作用，笔者曾对诸多地震进行过甄别与修定，并总结出５条基本原则。     

论历史地震研究在工程地震中的作用

本文通过回顾，展望及对现行《工程场地地震安全性评价工作规范》有关条文的理解，论述了历史地震研究在工程地震中的重要作用。历史地震研究，不仅在甄别历史地震参数、评定场地的地震基本烈度、编制地震烈度区划图、分析地震资料的时空不均匀性和历史地震对场地的方面是主要的手段和方法，而且在提供具有概率含义的抗震设防参数、编制综合性的设防区划图、确定背景地震强度等方面，也可能成为重要的方法。     

辽宁地区1509年4月21日和1552年10月27日地震考证

辽宁是历史地震资料比较缺乏的地区,深入研究历史疑难地震,尤其是确认一些破坏性地震,对补充已有的地震目录和开展地震预测及工程场地地震安全性评价有重要作用。在历史地震研究中认真考查,论证已有的地震史料是最主要的手段和方法。但是若能在此基础上,利用现代地震资料,按"地震重复"发生理论反推一些历史上可能存在的破坏性地震,也可以认为是对历史地震研究方法的一种补充。按照这一思路,本文在进一步分析地震史料的基础上,通过与现代地震活动图像和大地震震害现象的对比,确认辽宁地区1509年4月21日的地震是一次破坏性地震,并对1552年10月27日的地震做了讨论。     

青藏高原东北隅弧形构造区现代中小地震密集区与历史强震的关系探讨

青藏高原东北隅地区位于青藏高原、鄂尔多斯和阿拉善三大块体交汇部位,发育一组以逆走滑活动为主的弧形断裂系,其新活动性强,历史及现代强震频发,是探讨现代中小地震密集区与历史强震关联性的理想地区,也是检验和发展小震密集区值方法及其适用条件的有利地区。本文采用甘肃省地震局对该区1970年以来1～5级地震仪器监测目录,利用网格点密集值方法进行计算分析,共划分出21个地震密集区。通过分析每个地震密集区内小震活动的时间分布特征及前人对历史地震和活动构造的研究结果,综合判断地震密集区与历史强震之间的对应关系,归纳总结不同震级历史强震密集区的持续时间,给出运用网格点密集值方法校核青藏高原东北隅历史地震的限定条件。研究结果表明:青藏高原东北隅弧形构造区大约66.7%的密集区对应历史强震,两者之间有较密切的关联性;且地震震级越大密集区持续时间越长,两者之间的拟合关系为:T=4.38×10~(-7)×M~(10.91)。     

Review of Research Progresses on the Science of Earthquake Underground Fluid in China During the Last 40 Years

This paper presents a review of the development of scientific research and practice of earthquake underground fluid in China during the last 40 years, summaries early constructive research and primary achievements in this field. The science of earthquake underground fluid is closely correlated with earthquake monitoring and prediction, such as innovations in observation techniques and theoretical methods, and analysis of diversified parameters and research into predictive methods. The historical evolution of observation networks for underground fluid indicates that the demand for strong earthquake monitoring and prediction has become the driving force of the construction and development of the observation network. The development of observation techniques represents the trend based on multiform measurement, syntheses, and digitization. The study results of underground fluid theory and precursory mechanisms suggest that the precursory model, numerical simulation and in-door or field experimental research are the main technological approaches promoting innovation. Research results of earthquake forecast methods use physics based forecast techniques and the ideas of combination of usability and scientific advance. It has been proved by forecast practice that studying underground fluid is a very important subject in earthquake prediction on the Chinese mainland. Finally, the primary work and technical criterion on underground fluid are introduced, and some major scientific issues and development trends in different historical stages are summarized.