珠三角地区地震前兆场特征及近期地震危险性分析

应用时空域层次分析新思路及我国地震科技攻关成果对珠江三角洲地区的地震前兆资料进行了数据处理和综合分析,对该区的地震前兆场特征作了较全面系统的研究,并对目前存在的区域前兆异常场进行特征分析。研究认为,区内现有的前兆监测方法在中强地震发生前呈现出与正常动态变化相异的中期或中短期前兆异常反映,并具有相对丛集的总体特征。前兆异常场由东莞虎门重力、广州水化学等构成。最后对珠江三角洲地区近期的地震危险性进行了     

海城—唐山地震系列孕育过程中前兆场的演化及其构造力学条件

一个地震系列是指一定时间内,在同一地震区中连续发生的若干地震事件。它们有一个共同的孕育过程,因而具有统一的前兆场的演化历史。地震前兆场是一个区域场,而不只局限于某个震源区的变化。根据本文所定义的地震系列和前兆场的概念,研究了海城—唐山地震系列孕育过程中地震前兆场的时空演化特征。它可以分为不同的阶段,每个阶段的异常特征及空间分布特点不同。在此基础上,讨论了它们与地质构造的关系及其对地震预报的意义,包括前兆场的区域大小与震级、前兆场的空间变化过程与发震地点的关系及地震发生前的短临前兆标志     

巴林左旗-阿鲁科尔沁旗5.9级地震前兆异常特征分析

2003年8月16日内蒙古巴林左旗-阿鲁科尔沁旗间发生5．9级地震。根据年度危险区的确定、前兆异常跟踪及其主要依据，分析了这次5．9级地震前大甸子井、库伦井地下水位、开鲁井水氡等前兆异常。在此基础上，对内蒙古附近区域的前兆异常也进行了分析和探讨，发现该次地震前在内蒙古及附近区域出现了一组中期、短期前兆异常及宏观异常。文中还研究了该区域前兆异常的演化过程。     

非测震学前兆异常的震情窗口效应

通过对１９７６年唐山７．８级、１９８３年菏泽５．９极和１９８９年大同６．１级．１９９１年大同５．８级四次地震的非测震学前兆异常（短水准、地电、水氡含量、水位等）的研究，发现在这些地震以前，邢台地区的非测震学前兆观测值均有异常出现，显示出该地区不仅有地震活动性的窗口效应，而且有非测震学前兆异常的震情窗口效应。其它地区也有相类似的情况存在。这对区域应力场研究和前兆场特征的研究具有重要意义，对强震的预报     

巴林左旗-阿鲁科尔沁旗5.9级地震前地下流体异常特征分析

2003年8月16日内蒙古巴林左旗—阿鲁科尔沁旗间发生5.9级地震。 根据年度危险区的确定、 前兆异常跟踪及其主要依据, 分析了这次5.9级地震前大甸子井、 库伦井地下水位、 开鲁井水氡等前兆异常, 在此基础上, 对内蒙古附近区域的前兆异常也进行了分析和探讨, 表明该次地震前在内蒙古及附近区域出现了一组中期、 短期前兆异常及宏观异常, 文中还研究了该区域前兆异常的演化过程。     

昆仑山口西8．1级地震的远场前兆异常特征

收集并核实了昆仑山口西8.1级地震前青海、甘肃、四川、新疆、宁夏、河北及陕西等省前兆台网记录到的一些典型的前兆观测异常,按照中国震例总结研究的规范,确定了地震前兆异常判定准则,判定出前兆异常53项.本文在系统分析昆仑山口西8.1级地震前兆异常特征后认为,该次地震的孕育影响场具广域性特征,仪器记录的前兆异常范围直径达到2900km,本文判定的前兆异常范围直径达2100km.并且出现异常的时间长、测项多、幅度大.研究认为特大地震的监测工作应该考虑大区域(数千公里)范围的资料变化,在多震区还需有较密的观测台网.     

2021年玛多MS7.4地震前地球物理异常演化特征

1 研究背景 青藏高原构造活动强烈,而地震孕育、发生与周边动力、构造环境密切相关,因此青藏高原是研究地震孕震演化过程的理想实验室(周民都等,2000;沈旭章等,2013).中国地震学者在20世纪80年代,通过对大量震例的前兆异常进行分析、梳理与总结,发现伴随孕震过程出现的地震前兆异常具有丰富性和多样性(张肇诚等,1990;梅世蓉等,1993).前兆异常与区域构造活动和动力过程密切相关,前兆异常的多少、幅度等可以作为刻画区域应力水平高低的参量,异常随时空的演化受孕震过程和区域应力状态变化所控制.     

北部湾6.1,6.2级地震的前兆异常

通过对北部湾６．１，６．１级地震前的震兆分析，认为地震是在区域地震活动出现中期异常背景的情况下发生的，前兆观测的趋势异常较为突出，但短临异常极少，地震活动性和前兆观测手段的趋势异常变化具有稳定性和准同步性，反映了震前区域应力场的变化。     

2003年新疆巴楚-伽师6.8级地震异常的阶段性特征

对6．8级地震的中期和短期以及短临阶段异常特征进行了系统的分析研究。从新疆大区域范围到震源区,对这次地震前地震活动图像和前兆观测资料的动态演化过程进行了深入分析,研究不同孕震阶段各类异常的基本特征。结果认为,6．8级地震前异常的中期阶段,新疆中强地震平静显著;短期阶段中等地震显著增强．震源区出现前震活动;同时全疆定点前兆观测资料出现较为明显的短期异常,并观测到少量的临震异常。异常具有准同步性、显著性、突发性和响应性等特征。     

普洱6.3级地震的中期前兆异常特征

本论述了普洱６．３级地震在环境因子、地震学和定点前兆等方面的中期前兆异常特征。从中可看出，普洱６．３级地震的发生决非偶然，它是多种物理场的汇集所在，是区域应力场在该地区进一步集中的表现结果。云南省１９９３年度趋势报告中，该区被圈定为省内第一个强震危险监视区。     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

The effect of the pollution of the ground layer of the atmosphere on the albedo

Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

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Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

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Address: Veveři 95, Brno.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.     

Influence of the topography of the surface of the Earth on vertical sounding of the temperature profile

Atmospheric temperature and humidity fields as well as information on other meteorological parameters are nowadays retrieved from radiance measurements recorded by operational meteorological satellites. Up to now, the inversion procedures used only take into account crude information on the topography of the Earth’s surface. However, the applied radiative transfer codes have to consider the Earth’s surface as the lower boundary of the atmospheric model and, therefore, need a more precise mean elevation and a classification of the roughness of the Earth’s surface. The influence of the topography of the Earth surface on retrieved temperature profiles is studied by using a physico-statistical inversion method. An objective analysis is made of the more precise mean elevation and derivation of roughness parameters using a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 500 m×500 m. By means of a geomorphological process and a newly developed topography rejection test, areas with a high surface roughness are localized and singled out. The influence of topography on the retrieved temperature profiles is illustrated by case studies. Changes are found predominantly in areas with a high variation of topography. Using the new high-resolution DEM and the topography rejection test, the geographical position of the calculated temperature profiles tends to be shifted towards areas with a small vertical variation of topography. The mean elevation determined by the new elevation model better characterizes the area observed. Hence, the temperature profiles can be calculated down to lower atmospheric levels. Furthermore, a guess profile better describing the atmospheric situation is selected by the more precise elevation. In addition, the temperature profiles obtained near the coast are improved considerably by the more precise determination of the surface property ‘sea’ and ‘land,’ respectively. Integration of an independent physical information such as topography leads, on average, to a slight improvement of the results of the physico-statistical inversion procedure. In some cases, however, significant improvements have been achieved regarding the desired accuracy of temperature profiles of the order of 1 K. In future, the spatial resolution of new high-resolution sounding instrumentation on the next generation of operational meteorological satellites will be increased. To exploit the resolving power of this new instrumentation, the different variation of the topography of the Earth surface, especially in regions with a high variation of topography, can be taken into account more precisely by using a high-resolution DEM.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.