乌鲁木齐地区活动断层滑动与现代构造应力场

通过对乌鲁木齐地区大量活动断层擦痕的测量，利用由断层滑动资料反演构造应力张量的计算方法，获得研究区5个测点的构造应力张量数据，并通过与由震源机制解资料求得的该地区平均应力场结果的对比，获得了研究区现代构造应力场特征：区域现代构造应力场以水平挤压为主，最大主压应力方向（σ1）为近南北向，应力结构以逆断型为主。     

京西北盆岭构造区现代构造应力场的非均匀特征

京西北盆岭构造区包括延矾、怀涿、蔚广、阳原、灵丘、怀安及张家口多个活动断陷盆地.通过对该区大量活动断层擦痕的测量,利用由断层滑动资料反演构造应力张量的计算方法,获得研究区24个测点的构造应力张量数据;同时利用格点尝试法对研究区两个不同应力分区的中小地震震源机制解进行了分析.依据断层滑动与震源机制解两类资料的分析计算结果,初步给出了研究区现代构造应力场的非均匀特征：延矾盆地区域（B区）断层滑动反演的构造应力张量与震源机制解类型均表现为走滑型,表明该区受控于NEE-SWW向挤压、NNW-SSE向拉张的区域构造应力作用.怀涿、蔚广等盆地所在的山西断陷带北部尾端区域（A区）断层滑动反演的构造应力张量与震源机制解类型以正断型为主,表明怀涿、蔚广等盆地所在的山西断陷带北部尾端区域（A区）受近NNW-SSE向拉张的局部构造作用相对于延矾盆地更为显著.现代构造应力场的非均匀分布反映了京西北盆岭构造的差异特征.     

应力调制与预报研究

在地球动力作用和地壳运动的过程中构造块体呈现出整体运动的特征,表现在大陆地震的动力学特征具有明显的分区性。因而,大陆每个块体的应力场特征方向与强地震发生的主要构造力方向一致性较好。在它的作用下,块体边界或某些部位出现应力不均匀并有应变能的积累。孕震区应变能由线性积累向临界的非线性转化迹象会表现在弱震活动与主构造方向上固体潮交变应力场的呼应上。 交变应力场可加强孕震区应力集中部位的介质疲劳强度,从而在这些部位触发一些弱震,而且在附加应力场分别为正、负构造应力场方向时发生的弱震频次比例失调,这一过程与构造应力场的呼应显示了强震前弱震震源机制一致性较好的前兆特征,这种情形下的地震活动反映了一种应力调制作用,分析了1970年来的华北资料和1980年来的云南省资料,用直接图像分布、数值和等值线等3种方式讨论,表明它对强震有1~3年的中长期预报意义,R值评估均大于0.5。     

汶川MS8.0级地震断层滑动机制研究

汶川M_S8.0级地震的发震构造为龙门山断裂带,地震地表破裂主要分布在其中的北川－映秀断裂和江油－灌县断裂上,尤其是沿前者发育了长达240 km左右的地表破裂带.通过对龙门山断裂带震后断层擦痕的测量,得到311条断层擦痕数据,利用由断层滑动资料反演构造应力张量的计算方法,得到研究区8个测点的构造应力张量数据,并获得了研究区构造应力场特征：区域现代构造应力场以近水平挤压为主,最大主应力方向（σ1）为76°～121°,平均倾角9°,应力结构以逆断型为主.受构造应力场及断层几何特征的影响,地表破裂呈现出分段性：映秀—北川段主要以NW盘逆冲为主,垂直位移明显;北川以北段为逆冲兼走滑,水平位移量与垂直位移量基本相当,或水平位移略大.     

双向剪切—晋北张性构造区形成演化的一种模式

晋北张性区的形成，是山西构造带与燕山构造带共同作用的结果，山西断陷带的右旋剪切与弱山构造带的左旋剪切即双向剪切作用，在其交汇处即晋北构造区造成了局部的引张应力场，并最终控制了晋北区的形成和发展。     

北天山中东段中小地震震源机制解及应力场反演

主要对北天山中东段中小地震震源机制解系统聚类和应力场反演。 结果表明, 研究区内中小地震震源断错性质主要以逆断层为主, 地震主破裂面基本沿NWW向或近EW向, 与该区域的NWW向构造带基本一致; 研究区内主压应力P轴近NS向, 倾角较小, 主张应力T轴倾角较大, 表明区域应力场主要受NS向水平挤压作用; 分区应力场反演结果显示, 研究区中、 西部最大主应力方向为近NS向, 与北天山西段构造应力场方向相一致。     

Genetic algorithm-finite element method inversion of the factors determining the recent tectonic stress field of part of East Asia area

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龙羊峡周围地区地壳应力场及地震危险性探讨

本文利用震源机制资料对龙羊峡及附近地区的地壳应力场和构造进行了反演，结果表明，该地区主压应力以北东或北东东方向占优势，构造主要是北西向。同时根据南北带强震时空特征、共和地震序列及青海东部部分震兆资料对该地区的地震危险性做了粗略的估计。     

中国构造应力场与大震复发周期关系的数值模拟

由古地震资料推算得到的中国境内各活动断裂带上大震复发周期值存在很大差异,对于这种差异可从构造应力产生的弹性应变能分布去探讨其原因。经过对中国及邻区边界条件和受力方式进行较详细的分析后,先以最大主压应力方向为判据,用有限元数值模拟方法反演中国及邻区的板块边界力和区内的构造应力场,然后分析计算应变能随离板块边界的距离增大所呈现的衰减规律,由此换算出要达到相同应变能（一次地震）各地所需的积累时间,并将其与用古地震方法得到的一些已知断层带大震复发周期进行对比。结果表明用应力衰减图象能解释不同地区大震复发周期的显著差异     

南海及邻域现代构造应力场的数值模拟

将南海及邻域的现代构造应力问题视为弹性板的平面应力问题,用有限元法对现代构造应力场进行计算。以海沟俯冲带为主要边界,全区离散成1130个单元和612个节点。根据各单元的地壳厚度、P波速度、密度以及泊松比将区内地壳分成5种类型。考虑了4种外力作用方式,这些外力分别反映了印澳板块和菲律宾海板块对研究区的作用力大小和方向。将计算得出的最大主压应力方向与震源机制解的P轴方向进行比较,选择一种和后者符合最好的边界条件和计算结果作为可取模式,并分析了南海及邻域现代构造应力场的分布格局。     

盈江地区构造应力场和断层识别的联合迭代式反演研究

搜集了盈江及其邻区5组地震序列震源机制解并反演得到该区域的构造应力场。研究结果显示:盈江地区整体主压应力以NNE向为主,主张应力以ESE向为主;但其局部应力场不完全一致,沿苏典断裂分布的主压应力轴走向随着断裂走向由北向南延伸角度逐渐向北偏移,而盈江地区的西南部,其主压应力走向更偏向于东,这可能与大盈江断裂的横向拉伸有关。此外,本研究通过应力场反演识别出了5组地震序列震源机制解的主发震断层节面的走向、倾角、滑动角及发震断层的摩擦系数,为今后该区域的地震研究及地壳动力学变迁提供了参考。      

利用深井地下水位动态研究大华北地区现今构造应力场状态

在水平层状含水层(一维)模式下, 根据含水层应力与井水位变化之间的定量关系表达式, 利用华北地区40多口深井水位动态变化资料, 探索研究华北地区现今构造应力场状态。 即水位上升代表构造应力场压性增强张性减弱; 水位下降代表构造应力场压性减弱张性增强。 初步研究结果表明, 1995~1998年华北北部地区张家口-渤海构造带和山西构造带北部水位普遍上升, M_S5.0以上地震活动频繁; 1999年以后华北地区水位普遍处于下降状态, 反映了华北地区1999年以来构造应力场状态以张性为主, 整个华北地区M_S5.0以上地震活动处于相对平静状态。 该结果可为华北地区地震活动性预测研究提供应力场背景信息。     

Spatiotemporal distribution of seismic activity in East Asia and its relation to regional stress field

Tectonic forces from the relative movements between plates are transmitted into the continental crust, and then they create the earthquake generating stress field there. The space-time distribution of the seismic activity including the small earthquakes in a region reflects the variation of the stress field in the region. According to this idea, the characteristics of the stress fields in the various regions of East Asia have been analyzed in detail in this paper based on a lot of solutions of focal mechanisms and data of seismic activity during the last 500 years. The results indicate that the tectonic forces from the subduction of the Pacific Ocean plate underneath the Eurasian plate control the stress field in the region from North China to the northern part of the North-South Seismic Belt. The variation of the regional stress field shown by the variation of seismic activity in some regions of Japan has also been discussed based on characteristics of variation of the seimicity of small earthquakes. Synchronous variations of seismicity in the past 100 years or so in West China and in the boundary region between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates implicate that there is the transmission of tectonic forces into West China through the collision between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. The active seismic activity in the boundary region between the Indo-Australian and the Eurasian plates and in West China is continuing consistently. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 287–294, 1991.     

海原、六盘山断裂带至银川断陷第四纪构造应力场分析

利用断层滑动资料反演构造应力张量从而确定出海原、六盘山断裂带至银川断陷的第四纪两期构造应力场 :早更新世末期以前 ,为北东—南西挤压型构造应力场 ,由此造成该地区断裂活动主要以逆断为主 ;早更新世末期至中更新世以后 ,构造应力场发生了调整 ,主压应力方向由早期的北东—南西改变为北东东—南西西 ,应力结构由挤压型转变为走滑型 ,并导致断裂活动由早期的逆断为主变为走滑为主 ,这种应力场格局一直持续至今。研究区现代构造应力场可划分为 :海原断裂带走滑应力区、六盘山逆断 -走滑混合应力区和银川断陷拉张应力区     

Modern tectonic stress field in Southwest Yunnan, China

IntroductionSouthwest Yunnan region is located in the southeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, bordering on the Sichuan-Yunnan rhomboidal block in the east and on the northeast corner of Indian Plate in the northwest. It is one of the regions of intense tectonic activities and frequent strong earthquakes in China continent. To study the features of modern tectonic stress field of this region is of significance for revealing the evolution mechanisms of Tibetan Plateau as well as for un…     

Recent tectonic stress field zoning in Sichuan-Yunnan region and its dynamic interest

In this paper, we have carefully determined the stress zones in the Sichuan-Yunnan region with reference to the in-situ stress data of hydraulic fracturing and the inverted fault slip data by using the step-by-step convergence method for stress zoning based on focal mechanism solutions. The results indicate that the tectonic stress field in the Sichuan-Yunnan region is divided into 3 stress zones by 2 approximately parallel NNW-trending stress transition belts. The area between the 2 belts is the Sichuan-Yunnan stress zone where the maximum principal stress σ1 is just in the NNW direction. The eastern boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan stress zone （the eastern stress transition belt） is basically consistent with the eastern boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block. The western boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan stress zone （the western stress transition belt） is not totally consistent with the western boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block. The northern segment of the western stress transition belt extends basically along the Jinshajiang fault and accords with the western boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, while its southern segment does not extend along the southwestern boundary of the rhombic block, i.e., Honghe fault and converge with the eastern stress transition belt, but stretches continuously in the NNW direction and accords with the Yingpanshan fault. We therefore consider that under the combined influence from the northward motion of India Plate, the southeastward shift of east Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the strong obstruction of South China block, the tectonic stress field in the Sichuan-Yunnan region might not be totally controlled by the previous tectonic frame and new stress transition belt may have possibly formed.     

滇西南地区现代构造应力场分析

利用断层滑动资料反演构造应力张量的方法，获得滇西南地区20个构造应力张量数据，并通过与由震源机制解资料求解该地区平均应力场结果的对比，获得了研究区现代构造应力场特征:镇源——营盘山断裂以西至龙陵断裂带以南地区，最大主压应力方向为北北东，应力结构以走滑型为主；龙陵断裂带及其以北的局部地区，最大主压应力方向为近南北或北北西，应力结构为走滑型．      

The Quaternary Tectonic Stress Field of the Kunming Basin and Its Surrounding Areas

The Kunming basin is a Cenozoic faulted basin controlled by N-S trending active faults. there are totally 8 main active faults in and around the Kunming basin area. Inversion of fault slip data suggests that the stress field of the Kunming basin has experienced two major stages. In the first stage (from the late-Pliocene to mid-Pleistocene), the regional tectonic stress field was characterized by near E-W compression and near N-S extension. In the second stage (from the late-Pleistocene to the present), the tectonic stress field has been mainly characterized by NNW-SSE compression and NEE-SWW extension. Under such a stress field, the near N-S trending faults in the region mainly show a lateral slip.     

旋卷构造应力场与鄂尔多斯地块周缘断裂系成因探讨

当外力的合力不通过活动地块的质量中心时，该地块将产生旋扭运动，运动的结果在其周边形成旋卷构造应力场．在该应力场作用下，与主应力作用面方向一致的断裂将由作用面的力学性质决定其活动方式．与主张应力作用面一致的断裂将产生张破裂，长期作用下将形成断陷盆地；与主压应力作用面一致的断裂将产生逆冲或逆掩活动，或形成褶皱．地质资料表明，长期稳定的华北地块在早第三纪初期解体，其中晋冀陕地块发生过逆时针转动，形成其周缘断陷系；上新世时晋冀陕地块解体，地块东边界西移，出现山西地堑系，形成鄂尔多斯地块．晋冀陕地块周缘的一些主要断裂的构造形迹及力学性质可用旋转构造应力场的主应力作用面解释．      

Discussion on rotational tectonic stress field and the genesis of circum-Ordos landmass fault system

Introduction Rotation is a universal form of the motion of matter, such as the rotation of cyclones in the air, eddies in streams and spiral nebulas in the universe. Rotational structure is a commonly seen structure in the crust, such as broom-shaped structure, S-shaped or reverse S-shaped structure, lo-tus-like structure, and turbine-like structure. They are the result of non-uniform motion of matter and dissymmetrical force actions in the nature. Turbine-like structure is the most complete …