卵形消化池-桩-土相互作用地震反应分析

本文对卵形消化池-桩-土相互作用进行地震反应分析。从分枝模态——二步分析法的基本概念入手,将卵形消化池简化为振动特性和实际结构相同的简化结构,求得上、下部结构之间的耦合项,将耦合项和地震动一起组成修正地震动,以此作为刚性地基上卵形消化池地震反应分析的地震输入,从而求得考虑相互作用影响的卵形消化池地震反应。计算结果表明,在罕遇地震作用下,虽然部分土体进入塑性,池体仍处于弹性工作阶段,并且考虑相互作用影响后得到的卵形消化池地震反应,无论是池体位移还是池壁内力均要小于不考虑相互作用的。本文为解决复杂的卵形消化池-桩-土相互作用问题提供了一种较为实用的分析方法。     

储液池的抗震问题探讨

应用流体固体动力耦合统一分析模型的有限元法，进行了储液池的抗震分析。分别探讨了储液池内液体的液面大幅波动、池壁刚度变化、池的深宽比等对地震响应的影响。研究结果表明：储液池壁刚度是比较敏感的物理量，弹性比刚性池壁与液体相互作用的非线性行为强，池壁所受流体的作用力大；液面波的影响也有同样规律，刚性池壁情况下考虑面波与否影响不太大，但弹性池壁却有较大影响；另外宽池比窄池的响应强。     

预应力蛋形消化池流固耦合有限元分析

与圆柱形储液罐相比,预应力蛋形消化池中流体与固体交界面呈弧形面,且结构横截面为变厚度,这就带来了有限元分析的困难。结合厦门市蛋形消化池的结构设计,采用三维有限元技术对预应力蛋形消化池有限元模型进行了整体的静力、动力分析,分析了蛋形消化池中盛有水体时结构的自振频率及在地震载荷作用下的动应力,与国内首次模拟地震振动台试验结果进行了比较,两者符合良好,表明该有限元计算模型是合理的,可以应用于类似特种结构。     

郯庐断裂带池河段的新活动

对郯庐断裂带池河段进行了遥感影像判读，地震地质实地调查，钻孔探测资料分析，样品采集测试，以及结合地震活动特征分析和微观构造解析. 结果表明，郯庐断裂带池河段晚第四纪期间仍具有粘蠕滑交替的变形活动，最新活动方式以蠕滑活动为主.      

梵净山九龙池沉积物氮同位素组成与全新世气候演变过程

湖泊沉积物氮同位素(δ¹⁵N)在古环境、古气候变化方面有着指示气候干湿变化的重要作用,但目前学界对于δ¹⁵N记录作为气候代用指标所指示的气候干湿变化特征仍缺乏深入探索。本文以贵州省梵净山九龙池湖泊沉积物为研究对象,分析并探讨δ¹⁵N所记录的梵净山地区气候干湿变化过程与特征,并结合总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)和碳氮比值(C/N)数据进行对比研究,结果表明:(1)由于九龙池湖泊沉积物有机质受流域输入影响,气候湿润时,陆生植物增多,土壤湿度增大,外源输入对湖泊沉积物有机质影响增大,沉积物δ¹⁵N值偏负;气候干旱时,陆生植物减少,土壤湿度降低,外源输入对湖泊沉积物有机质影响减小,沉积物δ¹⁵N值偏正;(2)九龙池湖泊沉积物δ¹⁵N记录很好地揭示了梵净山地区全新世的气候干湿变化过程,即早期(11.5—9.2 ka B.P.)亚洲夏季风增强,气候从干旱期向湿润期转变,中期(9.2—3.0 ka B.P.)亚洲夏季风强盛,气候整体处于湿润期,晚期(3.0—2.2 k...     

黄龙仙境 人间瑶池

黄龙位于四川省北部．阿坝藏族羌族自治州松潘县境内的岷山山脉南端．这里是我国羌族的主要居住区。黄龙国家地质公园的总面积为650平方公里。雪山、峡谷、森林、彩池是黄龙的四大景观。     

“驯服”黄河

黄河是中华民族的母亲河,她孕育了灿烂的中华文明,也养育了一代代的中华儿女。她流经中国腹地,炎黄子孙既得益于黄河与黄土的哺育而生息繁荣,又受害于黄河与黄土相伴,造成的黄河下游河道“善淤、善决、善徙”而治水不止。在中华民族生存发展史中,有很大篇幅都与黄河治理有关。治理黄河的故事,从神话就开始,大禹治水的传说就是治理黄河的故事。历史上涉及治理黄河的人物有：夏禹、郑国、贾让、张戎、王景、司马孚、姜师度、刘晏、欧阳修、司马光、王安石、宋用臣、苏辙、都实、周用、万恭、潘季驯、杨一魁、朱之锡、靳辅、陈潢、高斌、郭大昌、栗毓美、林则徐、吴大澄、张曜,等等。中国最早的灌溉工程,首推就是黄河流域的滮池（在今陕西省咸阳西南）,《诗经》中有“滮池北流,浸彼稻田”的记载。     

急性颅脑损伤基底池及大脑中线CT动态观察的临床意义

目的:探讨急性颅脑损伤基底池及大脑中线CT动态观察的临床意义.资料与方法:对2007年5月至2009年7月间收治的150例资料完整的急性颅脑损伤患者基底池及大脑中线的CT改变与患者的预后关系进行研究.结果:按照基底池变窄及中线移位程度共分为Ⅳ型,本组数据显示脑外伤患者的死亡率随CT分型的加重而显著提高;动态观察显示死亡...     

鄱阳湖候鸟栖息地湖泊悬浮有机质的碳氮分布及来源分析——以大湖池和沙湖为例

以江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区的2个湖泊——大湖池和沙湖为研究对象,分析不同季节和水位悬浮有机质的碳氮稳定同位素（δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N）及碳氮比值（C/N）的变化特征,甄别悬浮有机质的来源.结果表明：在不同水位条件下,悬浮有机质的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N均存在差异显著性.沙湖5月水位上涨时,悬浮有机质δ¹³C最正,均值为-26.4‰±0.9‰,10月退水后,δ¹³C最负,均值为-31.2‰±1.1‰.悬浮有机质δ¹⁵N值在5月和8月较低（范围为3.5‰~5.5‰）,10月也相对较低,均值为6.1‰±0.6‰,而12月相对较高（7.3‰~10.8‰）.悬浮有机质C/N值在10月最低,均值为6.5±0.6,小于7,与其他各月的C/N有显著差异,而其他各月C/N在7.8~8.7之间,不存在显著差异.大湖池悬浮有机质δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N各月的变化趋势与沙湖类似,并且两个湖泊在相同月份的δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N或C/N均不存在显著差异,但大湖池的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N比沙湖的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N均值略偏正0.1‰~0.5‰,C/N比沙湖的C/N略偏低0~0.4.有机δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N结合C/N示踪表明,大湖池和沙湖的悬浮有机质在5月水位上涨和8月丰水期主要来源于河流运输的土壤有机质,表层沉积物对5月悬浮有机质也有一定贡献（16%）,水生浮叶植物对8月悬浮有机质有一定贡献（25%）;10月秋季退水后悬浮有机质主要来源于藻类（77%）,表层沉积物有一定贡献（23%）;12、3和4月冬、春季枯水期悬浮有机质主要来源于表层沉积物,候鸟粪便对12月悬浮有机质有较大贡献（40%）,湿地植物碎屑对3和4月有较大贡献（47%和51%）.     

人工湿地对城市污染河水的净化效果及机理

针对采用人工湿地系统净化镇江市内污染较为严重的古运河河水中遇到的问题,采用复合垂直流人工湿地小试装置,研究人工湿地系统对污染河水的净化效果及净化机理.镇江古运河水质调查结果表明,河水中悬浮态污染物质含量较高,为劣V类水体;当水力负荷为750mm/d时,人工湿地系统对CODMn去除率约为50%-60%,TN去除率约为40%-50%,TP去除率约为30%-40%,能够将劣V类水处理为Ⅳ类水甚至Ⅲ类水,表明其对污染河水处理的有效性.研究人工湿地内部污染物浓度的沿程变化规律,可以发现河水中污染物质的去除主要发生在湿地下行池,尤其是表层30 cm处,而上行池未能发挥应有的作用,分析表明与可能与污染河水中的碳氮比有一定的关系.通过本次实验发现湿地表层对污染物的去除表现为滤料及植物根系的过滤、吸附、截留以及微生物的降解、植物吸收等综合作用.     

Coproduced Ground Water Treatment and Disposal Options During Hydrocarbon Recovery Operations

Reinjection of untreated ground water during hydrocarbon recovery operations provides for economical water handling and can accelerate the recovery of the free hydrocarbons. However, considering current regulatory trends, water containing dissolved hydrocarbon constituents would require treatment prior to reinjection into the aquifer. The disposal of coproduced ground water is dependent on several factors, including the volume of water, level of treatment required, and availability of disposal options. Disposal options include reinjection, discharge to surface water, and beneficial use. This paper presents treatment and disposal options for coproduced water during hydrocarbon recovery operations including cost comparisons for a particular case study.
Treatment technologies for oil/water separation, inorganics and heavy metals removal, and dissolved hydrocarbon removal are presented. The primary technologies discussed for dissolved hydrocarbon removal include air stripping, activated carbon adsorption, biological treatment, and combinations of these technologies. Consideration of the use of existing refinery waste water treatment facilities for ground water treatment should be encouraged where applicable. However, separate treatment facilities are usually required because the use of existing on-site treatment facilities is usually not feasible because of the volume of water produced during large recovery projects and the effectiveness of existing treatment facilities. A specific case example is presented with costs for applying different technologies including the use of existing on-site facilities. Treatment costs ranged between 44 cents to $2.82 per thousand gallons (11 cents to 75 cents per thousand liters) of water treated for the specific technologies examined herein.     

Urban effect on the formation of the Moskva River environmental state (historical aspect)

Results of long-term monitoring of water quality parameters of the Moskva River section within the limits of the city are generalized. The dynamics in quality parameters of the water entering the city wastewater treatment plants, purified effluents of the treatment plants, and river water is analyzed. A relationship between the concentration of organic matter in the river water at the exit from the city and WWTP capacity is demonstrated. Periods of unfavorable environmental state of the river in terms of oxygen regime are singled out based on oxygen regime dynamics. Variations in the river self-purification process are shown. It is stated that purified effluents of the WWTP are a component of the city hydrological system.     

星云湖流域综合治理规划方案研究

富营养化加重,水土流失严重,水资源缺乏是星云湖流面临的主要环境问题,针对于此,本文提出了以控制氮磷为重点,分阶段,分区域实行综合治理的工程规划方案,共计有工业点源治理,城镇生活污水处理、农业非点源治理,流域生态系统恢复等11项工程方案,总投资为4．46亿元。     

Fluvial organic carbon composition and concentration variability within a peatland catchment—Implications for carbon cycling and water treatment

Fluvial organic carbon (OC) transformations are an important component of carbon cycling and greenhouse gas production in inland waters resulting in considerable recent interest in the fate of fluvial OC exported from carbon rich soils such as peatlands. Additionally, peatland catchments are important drinking water collection areas, where high OC concentrations in runoff have water treatment implications. This analysis presents the results from a year‐round intensive study within a water treatment catchment draining an area of peatland, considering carbon transformations along a continuum from headwater river, through a storage reservoir and pipe, to a water treatment works. The study uses a unique combination of methods (colourmetric, ultrafiltration, and ¹⁴C radiocarbon dating) to assess catchment wide changes in fluvial carbon composition (colour, size, and age) alongside concentration measures. The results indicate clear patterns of carbon transformations in the river and reservoir and dissolved low molecular weight coloured carbon to be most subject to change, with both loss and replacement within the catchment residence time. Although the evidence suggests dissolved OC (DOC) gains are from particulate OC breakdown, the mechanisms of DOC loss are less certain and may represent greenhouse gas losses or conversions to particulate OC. The transformations presented here appear to have minimal impact on the amount of harder to treat (<10 kDa) dissolved carbon, although they do have implications for total DOC loading to water treatment works. This paper shows that peatland fluvial systems are not passive receptors of particulate and dissolved organic carbon but locations where carbon is actively cycled, with implications for the understanding of carbon cycling and water treatment in peatland catchments.     

水库环保疏浚及板框脱水工程中余水水质及变化规律

湖泊、水库、河流污染后实施底泥环保疏浚工程的实例很多,但如何处理疏浚余水以及处理尾水排放应该执行什么样的控制标准,是一个没有解决的问题.针对这一问题,本文以溧阳市沙河水库环保疏浚以及配套的泥浆板框压滤脱水工程为例,研究了余水发生后的水质以及在各处理环节中的变化规律,基于这一规律探讨了疏浚尾水的排放标准.结果 表明疏浚余...     

Efficiency analysis of investments to the restoration of water resources in an industrial region

Regression analysis of water quality in the Iset River in an industrial zone of Sverdlovsk province was carried out. The volume of pollution disposal in industrial wastewaters and water treatment cost are taken into account. It is shown that water-environmental investments are insufficient and can be used more efficiently by using to improve the self-purification capacity of the water body.     

Hygienische Aspekte der Trinkwassergewinnung aus Uferfiltration und Grundwasseranreicherung

Today, bank filtration and artificial recharge of groundwater are two important process steps of the obtaining of drinking water, in view of the fact that the pollution of surface waters has considerably increased. If surface waters are highly polluted, in many cases a preliminary treatment is necessary. To provide protection from heavy bacterial contamination, it is recommended to orientate towards a bottom passage of the infiltrating surface water of at least 100 days. Under favourable conditions, the periods of survival are 100 days for E. coli, 100 days for Salmonella typhii, up to 200 days for Yersinia, and up to 250 days for polioviruses. A high quality of the drinking water obtained from bank-filtrated and infiltrated water is secured by protection of waters from pollutions in their catchment areas and by a drinking water treatment meeting all hygienic demands.     

Eliminierung von Abwasserinhaltsstoffen durch Kombination biochemischer und grenzflächenchemischer Mechanismen

Recent developments and future trends of waste water treatment by combined biochemical and adsorptive elimination steps are presented. Various mechanisms are discussed to explain the enhancement of conventional activated sludge systems by addition of different solid adsorbents. Special emphasis is given to the improvement of elimination capacity and operation stability caused by powdered or granular activated carbons. The results of laboratory experiments as well as large-scale applications suggest that combinations of biological systems with by-product carbonaceous materials are most likely to gain future importance in waste water treatment facilities.     

Magnetically Separable Water Treatment Technologies and their Role in Future Advanced Water Treatment: A Patent Review

Magnetic separation has been recognized as an important property for the simple deployment of micro and sub‐microparticles into solution in the field of water treatment. Many materials with desirable properties for water decontamination are hindered due to the difficulty inherent in removing them from solution post‐treatment. By securing these materials to magnetic compounds, this important issue can be solved as removing active materials from wastewater requires only the application of a magnetic field. This review article presents and discusses many recent technologies, in the form of patents, which exploit the property of magnetic separation for advanced water treatment, including methods of adsorbing pollutants from wastewater and magnetically separating them, as well as methods of deploying active materials for the degradation of contaminants, then magnetically retrieving these catalysts. The requirement for advanced wastewater treatment methods becomes more essential as new, persistent contaminants arise as a result of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and industrial processes which cannot be addressed by traditional water treatment procedures. Magnetic separation promises to be a critical factor in these advanced methods, allowing the safe deployment of active materials which would otherwise be unusable, opening the gate to more efficient, economic and environmentally friendly water purification.