四川地区2019年11月5日地磁加卸载响应比异常分析

针对2019年11月5日四川地区出现的地磁加卸载响应比异常现象,通过初步异常判断、仪器运行状态检查、观测资料可靠性检查、环境干扰调查、高压直流输电情况调查、磁扰活动影响分析和台站基础数据对比,综合认为该日出现的地磁加卸载响应比的异常受外界干扰可能性很小,该日异常是地震前兆异常的可能性较大;结合地磁加卸载响应比法的震例总结和预测指标,认为此次异常出现后的约6个月,阈值线附近区域存在发生MS≥5.0中强地震的可能。     

地磁与地电混合观测台地磁的地电测数干扰处理方法

我国地震前兆观测台网中地磁与地电观测仪器经常相距很近。 而地电台每小时加电观测一次, 由于电磁感应, 使得地磁观测资料有间隔为1小时的高频干扰, 使得地震前兆信息或其他地球物理过程产生的异常信息在地磁数据分析中难以分辨。 经过分析这些干扰信息特点, 提出了采用Fourier变换在频率域中将高频干扰进行滤除和采用与典型干扰波形相关的方法去除地电测数干扰, 该文对安徽蒙城地震台的观测资料的处理结果表明了方法的有效性。 很多中国大陆地震前兆观测台具有类似的干扰, 因此该方法具有一定推广价值。     

营口地震台地磁数据加卸载响应比和逐日比异常核实

针对2019年9月12日营口地震台地磁数据加卸载响应比和逐日比超阈值异常,从仪器观测系统,环境干扰等方面对异常信息进行了科学严谨的分析,结果认为这次地磁加卸载响应比和逐日比异常是地震前兆异常的可能性较大。     

新疆喀什地区地震前地磁脉动异常分析

1996年11月17日至29日在新疆喀什地区发生8次地震,震前均观测到地磁脉动异常．文中对未发生地震期间地磁脉动观测的背景环境以及喀什台常见的地磁脉动进行分析,然后对地震前地磁脉动异常现象进行研究,并初步探讨这种震前地磁脉动异常的产生机制．这种震前发生的地磁脉动异常在地震的短期预报上可能有广泛的应用前景．     

1991年3月26日5.8级地震的磁效应初探

本文将华北地区1990年10月—1991年4月地磁核旋定点观测数据利用加权差分法和带通滤波处理提取地震磁效应。发现1991年3月26日山西大同发生Ms5.8级地震的地磁前兆异常和同震异常现象。     

石柱地震台地磁观测干扰分析

2016年以来石柱地震台地磁观测数据明显受到环境干扰,与相邻地震台日均值数据进行相关性分析,确定在干扰时段内,地磁观测数据主要受台站环境改造及周边建筑施工影响。据干扰产生原理将干扰源分为铁磁性和电磁性干扰,分析干扰时段内地磁观测数据曲线典型特征,为今后地磁台站选址及干扰判别积累经验。     

地磁观测中的干扰分析及排除

地磁观测是地震前兆观测的基本项目之一,观测资料的质量高低直接影响到地震预报的准确率.各个观测台站在观测过程中仪器是否受到干扰要做认真准确的分析,这样才能保证资料的可靠性.溧阳地震台从新台址启用后,观测人员发现观测数据的精度与其它台有一定的差距,为此,我们对影响地磁观测的各种因素进行了分析,并逐项进行排除,最终使溧阳台的地磁观测资料由不可用,变为精度较高,稳定性很好,从而使地磁观测资料质量得到保证.     

对汶川8.0级地震前四川地区地电地磁观测异常的分析与思考

研究了汶川8.0级地震前四川地区模拟和数字地电、地磁类观测资料。四川地区地电6台站的26测项模拟观测,在汶川8.0级地震前仅出现1项中期异常,异常台站比1/6=0.17;异常测项比为1/26=0.04。对"九五"到"十五"期间四川地区数字化改造或数字地电观测资料,没有分析检测出异常项。四川地区6个台的地磁垂直分量整点值的日变形态在震前2天出现波谷分裂的异常现象,由于平时出现此类异常频繁,若用于预测无统计学的显著意义。可见汶川8.0级地震前四川地区地电和地磁类观测资料结果出现的异常现象比例是极低的。同时对疑似或有争议的异常测项进行分析说明,对汶川8.0级地震前电磁类异常少的原因进行了讨论。     

2013年吉林松原M5.8地震震前地磁异常分析

应用东北地区地磁观测台站地磁总场强度整点值观测数据,利用每日一值相关法和差值法;应用地磁垂直分量日变幅观测数据,利用加卸载响应比和逐日比方法,分析地磁总场强度F分量、垂直Z分量与吉林省松原M5.8地震应震关系,分析上述方法对提取地磁观测数据震前异常信息的有效性。     

地磁台站观测异常识别与数据重构技术研究

正地磁学是一门以观测为基础的学科。完整的高精度地磁数据不仅服务于地磁学本身更是地震研究、地质构造研究、地球深部研究和矿产勘探等研究领域的基础。自2008年我国数字化地磁观测台网建成以来,虽然大批量高精度的数据得以积累,但同时观测台网中大部分地磁台站正受到外界人工电磁干扰源的干扰。由于干扰形态复杂,干扰时间不规律和干扰与正常磁扰叠加给数据处理造成了困难,截止目前,尚未形成统一的观测异常辨识和处理方法,     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.