民乐盆地及其周围地区小震震源参数的研究

本文利用中国和法国合作建立的张掖数字化地震台网记录的小震资料,测定了民乐、肃南、张掖和临泽4个地区的小震震源参数。用P波测定的上述4个地区的应力降为6.1—9.5bar,用S波测定的应力降为26—60bar。在肃南5.7级地震发生前一个月左右,出现应力降减小的现象,这可能是一种前兆信息。本文还对用两种波测定的应力降的差异进行了初步讨论。     

粤东、闽南沿海小震震源参数的研究

本文采用 P,S 振幅比资料测定小震震源参数的方法,研究粤东、闽南沿海地区的小震震源参数,文中针对该地区现有地震台站的设置偏布于地震一侧的实际情况,将台站相对于地震的分布归纳为三种不同的类型,分别进行人工数值试验,其目的在于探讨文献[1]方法对台站偏布于地震一侧时的资料处理能力及误差估计.在此基础上,就该地区1982年至1985年的39个(Ms=1.7——3.0)小震震源参数进行了实际资料处理.计算结果表明,该地区大多数震源错动面较陡,主压应力轴和主张应力轴大多近于水平,主压应力轴的优势取向为北西西方向      

山西地区的震源机制解结果

选用山西地区丰富的地震资料,利用单台小震综合断面解、4级以上地震的P波初动解、多台小震综合断面解的结果,叙述了山西地区震源机制结果的特点.得出山西地区震源机制结果有一定的复杂性,小震综合断面解的结果与华北地区的震源机制结果相似,单个地震的震源机制结果一致性较差的结论.     

肃南5.7级地震序列震源机制研究及其前兆意义

用Ｐ、Ｓ波振幅比方法反演了１９８８年１１月２２日肃南５．７级地震序列的震源机制,计算了对应的Ｐ轴Ｔ轴。结果表明,前震的一组节面比较集中且与主震断层面大体一致,其主压应力轴也表现出对的集中,而余震（以及以后发生在该地区的一些小震）的断层面解则比较散乱,但总体上仍与该区的主要断层保持大体一致,但是余震的Ｐ轴和Ｔ轴则表现更大的散乱。由此我们可以认为,中强地震发生前震源区微震震源机制的相对一致性是发震断层     

小震震源参数与震源机制的联合测定

本文采用一个非均匀破裂圆盘位错模式,考虑到介质-仪器系统的影响,计算了它在不同幅射方向的P波初动位移与半周期,以及几组用于测定震源参数的理论曲线。在采用1/4周期测定介质的Q值和球面拟合震源机制解的基础上,给出了一个小震震源参数与震源机制的联合测定方法。该方法的实质是,将震源断层面作为被测参数的一部分,并同时考虑它对其它被测参数的影响,从而获得单个小震震源参数与震源机制的相应解。最后,根据新丰江水库区四个台的小震资料作了实测与分析,所得结果为:介质的平均Q值约450,地震矩1019——1020达因厘米,平均应力降约35巴;其震源机制解亦反映了本区构造应力场的主要特征。      

用介质Q值,剪切应力和震源参数研究北京周围地区中强地震的…

通过北京周围地区中强地震前后介质Ｑ值，剪切应力和小震震源参数的变化的研究，给出一种中强地震短临预报的新方法。     

小金地震序列的震源区应力场

用Ｐ波和Ｓ波最大振幅比方法测定了１９８０年９月２２日小金Ｍｓ６．６级地震前后的１１７个小震的震源机制。根据小金地震序列中３次最大地震和１１７个小震震源机制解，了震源区应力场的基本特征的变化形态。对小震机制解进行系统聚类分析，小震机制解的优势取向和３次最大地震的震源机制一致。由小震机制主要类型的平均解和３次最大地震的震源机制反演得到的应力场方向与区域应力场相符。和主震相近的优势走滑类型及逆倾滑动类型     

大同地震前后介质Q值和小震震源参数的变化

本文使用北京台网微机数字记录,通过波谱分析研究了大同地震前后介质Q值和小震应力降的变化。研究结果表明:(1)大同地震发生在低Q值区,震前Q值升高,震后恢复正常。(2)大同地震前,小震应力降明显升高,震后恢复正常,震前震后应力降的变化与介质Q值变化和应力变化有关。(3)大同地震前后小震震源参数确实有明显不同,无论是应力降、平均位错还是震源尺度都有明显不同。(4)大同地震前后小震波谱有明显变化。     

北天山地区部分中强震前小震震源深度变化特征

利用双差定位法修订后的新疆北天山地区地震目录, 以1990年以来该区发生的8次7组5级以上中强地震作为震例样本, 分析研究主震前震源附近区域小震震源深度的变化特征。 研究结果显示, 在研究时段内7组地震中6组地震前出现小震震源深度趋深变化的异常图像。 类似异常图像共出现9次, 异常对应率66.7％。 这种异常图像可为地震预测综合判定提供参考依据。     

用介质Q值、剪切应力和震源参数研究北京周围地区中强地震的短临预报

通过北京周围地区中强地震前后介质Ｑ值、剪切应力和小震（Ｍ＿Ｌ≤３．０）震源参数的变化的研究，给出一种中强地震短临预报的新方法。     

甘肃近期2次中强震前后震源区微震尾波（Qc）的变化特征

利用张掖台网和天祝－古浪台网的记录资料研究了１９８８年１１月２２日肃南５．７级地震和１９９６年６月１日天祝－古浪５．４级地震前台震源区微震尾波Ｑｃ值的变化特征,结果表明：５．７级地震前源及邻近地区介质１／Ｑｃ值趋于一致,认为这是该次地震的一种前兆表现,结合该次地震的震源机制和构造情况进行了讨论。天祝－古浪５．４级地震震源区附近地区微震尾波Ｑｃ值民频率的关系表明,这一地区属于构这活动地区。     

甘肃地区构造环境剪应力场对峰值加速度的影响

利用松潘—平武、肃南、共和等７３个地震２２８条强震加速度记录，根据陈培善先生提出的理论计算公式［１］，算出剪应力值并结合其发震构造环境研究了环境剪应力场对峰值加速度的影响     

Spectral characteristics of natural and artificial seismic events in the Lop Nor test site, China

Seismic discriminants based on the spectral seismogram and spectral magnitude techniques have been tested to discriminate between three events; a nuclear explosion which took place in Lop Nor, China with m _b 6.1 and two earthquakes from the closest area with m _b 5.5 and 5.3, respectively. The spectral seismogram of the three events shows that the frequency content of the nuclear explosion differs from that of the earthquakes where the P wave is richier in high frequency content in the nuclear explosion than the corresponding earthquakes. It is also observed that the energy decays more rapidly for the nuclear explosion than for the earthquakes. Furthermore, the spectral magnitudes reveal significant differences in the spectra between the nuclear explosion and the two earthquakes. The observed differences appear to be quite enough to provide a reliable discriminant. The estimated stress drop from the magnitude spectra indicates a higher stress drop of the nuclear explosion relative to the earthquakes of the same tectonic region.     

Sedimentary geochemistry and provenance of the Lower and Middle Devonian Laojunshan Formation,the North Qilian Orogenic Belt

The Laojunshan Formation is a suite of molasse formed during the rapid uplift of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt (NQOB). Forty-one samples of sandstone have been collected from the Sunan and Minle sections in the western sector and the Gulang and Jingyuan sections in the eastern sector of the NQOB belt. Geochemical analyses of those samples indicated: 1) The MgO+Fe2O3T and Al2O3/SiO2 values are higher, and K2O/Na2O ratios are lower in the western sector than those in the eastern sector. 2) All of them are de...     

1988年四川八美5级地震参数和前兆的研究

本文对1988年6月四川省道孚八美(即乾宁)4.5、5.0、4.0级地震前后地震活动进行了研究,给出了地震参数、P波初动解、余震序列和前兆变化的分析及未来地震危险性的讨论。     

基于现行抗震规范的胡聿贤模型参数研究

回顾了地震地面加速度随机过程模型,根据随机振动理论采用迭代方法求解出与我国现行《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)设计反应谱相对应的功率谱密度函数,选用胡聿贤功率谱密度函数拟合上述功率谱密度函数,运用非线性拟合技术给出了与规范对应的胡聿贤功率谱参数,可供这种模型作为地震地面运动输入时选用。     

Broadband seismic experiment at Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia: very-long-period pulses embedded in multiphase earthquakes

Multiphase (MP) and low frequency (LF) earthquakes with spectral peak amplitudes at 3–4 and 1 Hz, respectively, are two common types of shallow volcanic earthquakes previously recognized at Merapi Volcano. Their mechanisms are poorly understood but MPs have been temporally associated with lava dome growth. We conducted a seismic experiment in January–February 1998, using four broadband seismographs to investigate the nature of seismic activity associated with dome growth. During our experiment, Merapi experienced mild dome growth with low-level seismic activity. We compare our data to that recorded on a local short-period (SP) network, with the following preliminary results.MP and LF events as recorded and classified on the short-period network instruments were recognized on the broadband network. Frequency spectrograms revealed similar patterns in the near summit region at widely separated broadband stations. Higher frequency spectra than previously recognized were identified for both MP and LF events, and were strongly attenuated as a function of radial distance from the source. Thus the spectral characteristics of these events as recorded on far-field stations are not fully indicative of the source processes. In particular, many events classified as LF-type appear to have much high frequency energy near the source. This aspect of these so-called LF earthquakes, and their association with very-long-period (VLP) pulses, suggests that many events identified in the far-field as LF events are in actuality a variety of the MP event and involve similar source processes. Broadband records indicated that simple large-amplitude VLP pulses were embedded in MP and LF wavetrains. From event to event these pulses were similar in their waveforms and had periods of 4 s. VLP events embedded in LF and MP earthquakes were located using particle motions. The epicenters were clustered in a central region of the dome complex, and preliminary source depths were within about 100 m of the dome surface, suggesting a source region deep within the dome or the uppermost conduit. A similar source location was established by study of MP high-frequency onsets. Our broadband data suggests that we have recorded both elastic seismic waves and a simple embedded pulse that is interpreted to represent a surface tilt at the seismometer site. The inferred tilt indicates an inflation and subsequent deflation, possibly caused by a gas pressure pulse or episodic shallow magma transport with stick-slip movement of the conduit wall.     

Analysis of long-period events recorded at Mount Etna (Italy) in 1992, and their relationship to eruptive activity

Seismic activity recorded at Mount Etna during 1992 was characterized by long-period (LP) events and tremor with fluctuating amplitudes. These signals were associated with the evolution of the eruptive activity that began on December 14, 1991. Following the occurrence of numerous volcano-tectonic earthquakes at the onset of the eruption, LP events dominated the overall seismicity starting in January, 1992. The LP activity occurred primarily in swarms, which were temporally correlated with episodic collapses of the crater floor in the Northeast Crater. Source depths determined for selected LP events suggest a source region located slightly east of Northeast Crater and extending from the surface to a depth of 2000 m. Based on the characteristic signatures of the time series, four families of LP events are identified. Each family shares common spectral peaks independent of azimuth and distance to the source. These spectral features are used to develop a fluid-filled crack model of the source. We hypothesize that the locus of the LP events represents a segment of the magma feeding system connecting a depressurizing magma body with a dike extending in the SSE direction along the western wall of Valle del Bove, toward the site of the Mount Etna eruption. We surmise that magma withdrawal from the source volume beneath Northeast Crater may have caused repeated collapses of the crater floor. Some collapse events may have produced pressure transients in the subjacent dike which acted as seismic wave sources for LP events.     

Solar eclipse of August 1, 2008, above Kharkov: 2. Observation results of wave disturbances in the ionosphere

Quasi-periodic variations in the power of incoherent scattered signals, caused by wave disturbances of the electron concentration in the ionosphere, are analyzed for the day of a partial solar eclipse and for a background day. The windowed and adaptive Fourier transforms and the wavelet transform are used for spectral analysis. The spectral parameters of the wave disturbances at altitudes of 100–500 km in the 10–120 min period range differed significantly on the day of the solar eclipse and on the background day. Variations in the spectrum began near the onset of the phase of maximum disk occultation and continued no less than 2 h. The amplitude of time variations N was 2 × 10⁹–4 × 10¹⁰ m^?3, and the relative amplitude was 0.10–0.15. Wave disturbances have been compared for five solar eclipses; the comparison shows a noticeable variation in the spectrum of the wave disturbances during these events.