博洛科努断裂西北段古地震形变带初步研究

介绍了博洛科努断裂西北段阿拉山口至精河县城以南的古地震形变带的几何特征、形变方式和变形幅度,并讨论了最后一次地震事件的震级。认为该形变带为右旋走滑性质,最后一次地震事件的水平位移可能为２．５ ｍ ,垂直位移为０．９～１．８ ｍ ,震级估计为７．５～７．８ 级     

阿尔金断裂带中段阿卡吐-野马泉地震形变带特征及地震事件

1.前言阿尔金断裂带中段从阿卡吐到野马泉保存有一条比较清楚的地震形变带。1987年作者对该形变带进行了详细调查。本文主要根据现场考察资料,描述了地震形变带的基本特征,进而确定了该次地震事件的参数,並讨论了地震成因。     

中国大陆共轭地震构造研究

本文对分散在地震学各分支学科中反映地震破裂的研究成果加以综合归纳后指出,由地震活动性、震源机制、地形变测量、地表形变带、烈度分布及某些前兆场等方面的资料共同证实,在强震孕育和爆发过程中显现出清楚的共轭破裂现象。文中进而讨论了地震共轭破裂特征及其与地质构造的关系,以及共轭断层的孕震作用等问题。     

关于1411年9月29日西藏当雄南8级地震地表破裂问题

韩同林在《地震地质》第6卷第4期上曾以题为“西藏1411年9月29日8级地震震中位置的讨论”为题报告了他在实地考察及航、卫片的解译结果。文中描述了当雄北、宁中北,羊八井西及九子拉四个地点的“地震形变带”。其中,对宁中北“地震形变带”的描述如下:“宁中北地震形变带位于北纬30°24′,东经90°47′左右。地震形变带绝大部分发育于第四纪堆积坡地上,仅北东地段部分切割基岩。走向北35°东左右,倾向南     

青海花石峡地震形变带的初步研究

本文对青海花石峡地震形变带中各种形变迹象的形成时间及顺序进行了划分,认为花石峡地震形变带是一条由多次强烈地震所造成的复合地震形变带。文中对该带全新世以来地震活动的期次作了初步分析,并指出了数次古地震事件发生的大致时期。     

新疆且末县吐孜敦古地震形变带及其年代问题

新疆且末县拟在吐拉乡阿尔金活动断裂带上修建水库。水库近场区内沿阿尔金活动断裂存在一条古地震破裂形变带。为了对水库进行安全性评价 ,采用地貌风化剥蚀法确定了古地震形变带的形成年代。该次古地震事件的发生时间大约距今 4 0 0年前     

1786年康定地震形变特征的初步研究

本文对鲜水河断裂带南东段,康定断裂地震的形变带进行了分析。认为,地震形变带主要由发育于地形斜坡上的线性坡中槽或垄岗组成。形变带具分段特点,单条长850—1500米,呈右阶“斜列式”展布,中段(极震区)一带为现状型。其中的破裂面具正断兼扭动特点。空间特征上,坡中槽一侧的交替上升变化是依次、轮换出现的,它是地震断层运动屈曲作用(Fault buckling)导致地表变形的反映。这种形变现象与该带北西段(炉霍段)走滑型地震的形变带相比有明显的差异,也表明鲜水河断裂带北西、南东两段的地震破裂方式是不尽相同的,它为同一走滑带不同地段运动特征的差异提供了证据。     

蒙古阿尔泰东缘新发现的地震地表破裂带

阿尔泰构造带的活动断裂主要为NW—NNW向。按构造位置可分为阿尔泰西缘活动断裂带、阿尔泰中央活动断裂带和阿尔泰东缘活动断裂带。阿尔泰东缘活动构造带由科布多(Hovd)活动断裂带、哈尔乌苏湖(Har Us)活动断裂带2条大型右旋走滑活动断裂和中间的挤压盆地带构成。在2条走滑断裂带上,前人发现多处地震地表破裂带。通过对阿尔泰东缘构造带中南段地区的野外调查,在哈尔乌苏湖断裂带中段的Jargalant断裂、科布多断裂带南段的Tugen gol断裂上新发现地震地表破裂带。其中,沿Jargalant断裂地震地表破裂带长约50km,右旋位错量约4~5m,是一次规模大、活动较新的破裂事件。可见,在阿尔泰东缘活动断裂带的不同断裂段上均有保存较好的地震地表破裂,显示阿尔泰东缘是活动强烈的地震构造带     

日本9.0级地震前后华北形变场变化特征与地震趋势分析

本文分析了华北主要断裂带基于2011年日本9.0级地震同震位移场的应变变化, 结合华北地区近几年形变异常分析日本9.0级地震前后华北地区形变场的变化特征, 分析了日本9.0级地震对华北地区的影响以及未来值得关注的地区。 日本9.0级地震的发生使得华北地区EW向主压应变有所释放, 不同地区的同震响应存在差异, 部分趋势性变化在日本9.0级地震后有所恢复, 目前郯庐带中南段及附近区域的挤压应变背景和断层活动水平增强值得关注。     

阴山地震带中强地震的活动特征

阴山地震带是中国内蒙古自治区的一条主要地震带，根据多年从事地震预报的工作经验，对阴山地震带与鄂尔多斯其他3个边缘的地震活动特征进行了对比分析，研究了阴山地震带自身地震活动演化、周期性、月分布地震及包头西震情窗口等方面的特征，并对阴山地震带的地震危险性作了预测。     

Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Crustal Deformation in the Yunnan Area Using GPS

Based on the GPS velocity field data of 1999-2007 and 2011-2013,we used the least squares configuration method and GPS velocity profile results to synthetically analyze the dynamic evolution characteristics of crustal deformation in the Yunnan area before and after the Wenchuan earthquake. The dynamic evolution of GPS velocity field shows that the direction is gradually changed from the south in the southern part of the Sichuan-Yunnan block to the south-west in the southern Yunnan block and there is a clear relative motion characteristic near the block boundary fault zone. Compared with the GPS velocity of 1999-2007, the results of 2011-2013 also reflect segmental deformation characteristics of the block boundary fault zone. Southeast movement shows a significant increase, which may be related to crustal deformation adjustment after the Wenchuan earthquake. The dynamic evolution of strain parameters shows a pattern of "extension in the middle and compression at both ends" in the whole area and the distribution of deformation (shear, extension or compression) is closely related to the background motion and deformation characteristics of the main fault zone. Compared with the results of the period of 1999-2007, the extensional deformation zone of 2011-2013 is expanded eastward and southward. The compressional deformation of the eastern boundary (the Xiaojiang fault zone) of the Sichuan-Yunnan block is no longer significant, which is mainly concentrated in the northern section of the Xiaojiang fault zone and may be related to the post-seismic deformation adjustment of the Wenchuan earthquake. The GPS velocity profile results show that the left-lateral slip velocity of the Xiaojiang fault zone reduced gradually from north to south (10mm/a-5mm/a), and the width of the northern section is wider. The right-lateral slip rate of the Honghe fault zone is about 4mm/a, and the deformation width is wider. The dynamic results show that the Wenchuan earthquake has little effect on the deformation modes of these two fault zones.     

Deformation Evolution Characteristics Revealed by GPS and Cross-fault Leveling Data before the MS8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake

Based on GPS velocity during 1999-2007, GPS baseline time series on large scale during 1999-2008 and cross-fault leveling data during 1985-2008, the paper makes some analysis and discussion to study and summarize the movement, tectonic deformation and strain accumulation evolution characteristics of the Longmenshan fault and the surrounding area before the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, as well as the possible physical mechanism late in the seismic cycle of the Wenchuan earthquake. Multiple results indicate that:GPS velocity profiles show that obvious continuous deformation across the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake was distributed across a zone at least 500km wide, while there was little deformation in Sichuan Basin and Longmenshan fault zone, which means that the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau provides energy accumulation for locked Longmenshan fault zone continuously. GPS strain rates show that the east-west compression deformation was larger in the northwest of the mid-northern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone, and deformation amplitude decreased gradually from far field to near fault zone, and there was little deformation in fault zone. The east-west compression deformation was significant surrounding the southwestern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone, and strain accumulation rate was larger than that of mid-northern segment. Fault locking indicates nearly whole Longmenshan fault was locked before the earthquake except the source of the earthquake which was weakly locked, and a 20km width patch in southwestern segment between 12km to 22.5km depth was in creeping state. GPS baseline time series in northeast direction on large scale became compressive generally from 2005 in the North-South Seismic Belt, which reflects that relative compression deformation enhances. The cross-fault leveling data show that annual vertical change rate and deformation trend accumulation rate in the Longmenshan fault zone were little, which indicates that vertical activity near the fault was very weak and the fault was tightly locked. According to analyses of GPS and cross-fault leveling data before the Wenchuan earthquake, we consider that the Longmenshan fault is tightly locked from the surface to the deep, and the horizontal and vertical deformation are weak surrounding the fault in relatively small-scale crustal deformation. The process of weak deformation may be slow, and weak deformation area may be larger when large earthquake is coming. Continuous and slow compression deformation across eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake provides dynamic support for strain accumulation in the Longmenshan fault zone in relative large-scale crustal deformation.     

Fault deformation anomaly and intermediate and short-term prediction of the Jingtai M s=5.9 earthquake

The time-space distribution characteristics of fault deformation anomaly in the near-source region and its outlying zone in the seismogenic process of the Jingtai M _s=5.9 earthquake occurred on June 6, 2000 in Gansu Province is studied preliminarily. The distribution scope of fault deformation anomaly before the earthquake is wide, the anomaly shape is complicated and the pattern anomalous zone of fault deformation (strain) information index is obvious. The shape and amplitude of fault deformation anomaly in different regions differ significantly, which is closely related with the tectonic location of anomaly. The fault deformation anomaly of α, β, and γ phases along the western segment of Haiyuan fault zone shows the process from the quasi-linearity to non-linearity of fault movement in the near-source region, matches the high-value anomalous area of fault deformation (strain) information index, and reflects the high strain accumulation in the seismogenic region. However, the anomaly of abrupt jump and cusp with a large amplitude occurred in the areas far from the earthquake, such as Liupanshan fault zone which is the tectonic convergent section does not reflect the strain accumulation of its location, maybe it is a sign that the regional tectonic stress field is strengthened in the seismogenic process. Based on the above-mentioned facts and combined with the preliminary summary of experiences and lessons in the intermediate and short-term prediction of the Jingtai M _s=5.9 earthquake, we study and explore the application of fault deformation anomaly to earthquake judgment. Foundation item: National Key Basic Research Development Program (G1998040703 and G1998040705), and State Scientific and Technological Project of the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” (96-913-09-01-02-03 and 96-913-09-02-02-03), China.     

汶川MS8.0地震震前近震源区地壳形变机制探究

多种形变资料表明, 汶川地震震前越靠近震源区, 其形变特征越不明显, 且在近震源区震前呈现短期平静状态． 为研究这种小变形现象的深部动力学因素及形变机制, 本文基于成都地区1996—2007年13期重复重力观测数据, 经平差处理后进行密度的三维反演, 得到了汶川地震近震源区震前10年的地壳深部密度变化水平向和垂直向的时空分布特征． 结果表明: 密度变化在空间上呈有序分布, 主要集中在龙门山断裂带及其附近区域, 且深部变化幅度显著大于浅部, 表明近震源区断裂带深部活动较为显著; 从时间上来看, 密度变化速率并不均衡, 在震前3—8年介质密度变化剧烈, 而在震前短期变化却不明显． 根据震前形变特征和不同深度密度变化的动态演化过程, 本文认为龙门山断裂带的地壳分层运动, 导致了浅层地壳的小形变和深部显著的密度变化． 此外, 根据该断裂带及其附近地区的密度变化特征, 本文选取和改进了适合汶川地震的孕震模型, 即改进的组合-硬化模型, 将动力学过程与孕育机制结合起来, 以期对汶川地震震前近震源区的形变机制作出合理解释．      

Present-day tectonic movement in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) plateau as revealed by earthquake activity

Characteristics of present-day tectonic movement in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau (Tibetan) are studied based on earthquake data. Evidence of earthquake activity shows that junctures between blocks in this area consist of complicated deformation zones. Between the Gansu-Qinghai block and Alxa block there is a broad compressive deformation zone, which turns essentially to be a network-like deformation region to the southeast. The Liupanshan region, where the Gansu-Qinghai block contacts the Ordos block, is suffering from NE-SW compressive deformation. Junction zone between the Ordos and Alxa block is a shear zone with sections of variable trend. The northwestern and southeastern marginal region of the Ordos is under NNW-SSE extension. The above characteristics of present-day tectonic deformation of the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang plateau may be attributed to the northeastward squeezing of the plateau and the resistance of the Ordos block, as well as the southeastward extrusion of the plateau materials. Foundation item: State Natural Science Foundation of China (49732090) and the Development Program on National Key Basic Researches under the Project Mechanism and Prediction of Continental Strong Earthquakes (95-13-02-05). Contribution No. 00FE2003, Institute of Geophysics, China Seismological Bureau.     

汶川8.0级地震前GPS与跨断层资料反映的运动与变形演化特征

为了研究与总结2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震前GPS与跨断层资料反映的龙门山断裂带及其周边地区的运动、构造变形、应变积累演化过程,以及汶川地震临震阶段可能的物理机制,本文综合1999~2007期GPS速度场、1999~2008年大尺度GPS基线时间序列、1985~2008年跨断层短水准等资料进行了相关分析与讨论。结果表明:(1)GPS速度剖面结果显示,宽达500km的川西高原在震前有明显的连续变形,而四川盆地一侧和跨龙门山断裂带基本没有变形趋势,表明震前川西高原在持续不断地为已经处于闭锁状态的龙门山断裂带提供能量积累。(2)GPS应变率结果显示,震前龙门山断裂带中北段的NW侧EW向挤压变形明显,变形幅度从远离断裂带较大到靠近断裂带逐渐减小,而断裂带变形微弱;龙门山断裂带西南段周边形成了显著的EW向挤压应变集中区,应变积累速率明显大于中北段。(3)断层闭锁程度反演结果显示,除了汶川地震的震源位置闭锁相对较弱,且西南段有大概20km宽度断层在12~22.5km深度为蠕滑状态以外,震前整条龙门山断裂基本处于强闭锁状态。(4)大尺度GPS基线结果显示,跨南北地震带区域的NE向基线从2005年开始普遍出现压缩转折,反映NE向地壳缩短的相对运动增强。(5)跨断层短水准场地结果显示,震前年均垂直变化速率和形变累积率很低,表明断层近场垂向活动很弱、闭锁较强。通过以上分析认为,在相对小尺度的地壳变形中,震前龙门山断裂带深浅部均处于强闭锁状态,断裂带水平与垂直变形都很微弱,这可能经历了一个缓慢的过程,而且越是临近地震的发生,微弱变形的范围可能越大;在相对大尺度的地壳变形中,震前龙门山断裂带西侧的巴颜喀拉块体东部地区经历了地壳缓慢且持续的缩短挤压变形,为龙门山断裂带应变积累持续提供了动力支持。     

景泰5.9级地震的断层形变异常及中短期预报

初步研究了2000年6月6日甘肃景泰5.9级地震蕴育过程中近源区及外围地区断层形变异常的时空分布特征:震前断层形变异常分布范围广、异常形态复杂，断层形变（应变）类信息指标图象异常区明显．不同地域断层形变异常形态及幅度存在显著差异，与异常所处的构造部位密切相关:海原断裂带西段出现的，，相断层形变异常，显示了近源区断层运动由准线性走向非线性的过程，与断层形变（应变）类信息指标高值异常区相配合，反映蕴震区应变积累程度高；而构造汇聚部位的六盘山断裂带等远场区较大幅度的突跳尖点异常，并不反映所在地的应变积累，而可能是蕴震过程区域构造应力场增强的一个标志．在此基础上，结合对景泰5.9级地震中短期预报经验教训的初步总结，研究和探讨了断层形变异常在震情判定中的应用．      

REANALYSIS OF BEDROCK GROUND TEMPERATURE CHANGES PRIOR TO 2013 LUSHAN MS7.0 EARTHQUAKE

Before 2013 Lushan M_S7.0 earthquake, the bedrock ground temperature in Kangding station, the cross-fault deformation and the borehole strain in Guza station all show that regional stress changes possibly occurred along the Xianshuihe Fault. In this paper, further analysis is made on the observation data of bedrock ground temperature in the three stations in the Xianshuihe fault zone, and the results are compared with borehole strain, seismometry and cross-fault deformation data. Stress temperature in the three stations dropped suddenly synchronously a few days before the Lushan earthquake, indicating the enhanced tension characteristics of the regional stress in the Qianning-Kangding zone. High-frequency components of bedrock temperature in the three stations also showed synchronous changes in the 80 days before the Lushan earthquake, with an estimated stress change range of 0.98~1.96MPa, an average of about 1.47MPa, which is close to the seismometry results. Besides, tensional mutation in borehole strain is consistent with the enhanced tensional characteristics of regional stress revealed by bedrock ground temperature. Comparison with cross-fault deformation shows that the stress change was different in different active segments of the Xianshuihe Fault in different time periods before the Lushan earthquake, but the regional stress change did appear along the Xianshuihe fault zone before the Lushan earthquake.     

Fault deformation anomaly and intermediate and short-term prediction of the Jingtai M_s=5.9 earthquake

IntroductionOn June 6, 2000, an earthquake of MS=5.9 occurred in Jingtai county, Gansu Province. The epicenter (37.1(N, 104.0(E) was located in Maomaoshan-Laohushan zone of the western segment of Liupanshan-Haiyuan fault along the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, where is the middle-eastern part of crustal deformation monitoring area of Gansu-Ningxia- Qinghai region. There are more than 50 spanning-fault mobile monitoring sites in the earthquake area and its vicinity (Fig…     

辽宁地区地壳垂直形变特征与地震危险性分析

利用辽宁地区三期复测水准资料,计算得出1988—1998年和1998—2016年两个时段的地壳垂直形变速率, 并绘制相应的地壳垂直形变速率矢量图和等值线图.结合辽宁地区的区域地质背景及构造断裂活动性,分析了区域地壳垂直形变特征与地震活动性之间的相关性,明确了该区域的整体地壳垂直形变趋势及需重点关注的区域.结果表明:海城M_S7.3地震后较长时间内,辽宁地区整体以继承性运动为主,辽东隆起和辽西隆起以上升为主,下辽河断陷带下沉;1998年后,辽宁地区整体形变差异量减小,该地区垂直形变正趋于稳态,垂直形变速率梯度高值区仍集中于下辽河断陷带与辽东隆起、辽西隆起的交界地带,因此该区域的潜在危险性较高,需要持续并重点关注.