北京昌平地震台TJ-1体积钻孔应变仪潮汐参数动态特征及其稳定性研究

介绍了北京昌平地震台 TJ- 1型钻孔体积应变仪 1 989年 7月～ 2 0 0 0年 1 2月期间的观测结果 ,分析了潮汐响应函数的动态特征及其稳定性。由全序列观测数据调和分析所得 :O1波潮汐因子 VO1=0 .791 6± 0 .0 1 2 8、相位滞后 ΔΦ0 1=1 .9°;K1波潮汐因子 Vk1=0 .6 4 42±0 .0 0 88、相位滞后ΔΦk1=- 4.2°;M2 波潮汐因子 VM2 =0 .6 5 0 0± 0 .0 0 3 8、相位滞后ΔΦM2 =-2 .9°。液态地核振荡因子 A=VO1/VK1=1 .2 2 8,比理论值小 6 .5 %。     

电离层赤道异常两日振荡的数值模拟

近20年来,国外学者对电离层赤道异常问题的数值模拟研究未考虑到大气行星波对潮汐发电机电场的调制效应,因而不能解释赤道异常峰值的逐日变化.本文结果表明二日波对F_2区电子浓度的输运有很大影响.这一方法可以推广到赤道异常各种长周期行星波振荡的数值研究. 本文从非定常等离子体连续方程出发,建立包含行星波振荡对E×B漂移的调制效应的方程,并给出数值模拟的方法以及可与实际观测进行比较的结果.文中取二日波漂移振幅为U_p=0 m/s、5m/s、10m/s,而初位相分别为φ=0°、90°共四种情形进行了模拟,结果表明,二日波的调制可使赤道异常的时空分布以及异常峰值产生明显的逐日变化.在所选取的模型中,取U_p=5m/s,φ=0°所得到的f_0F_2t的二日分布特征与观测较吻合.而u_p约5m/s的变化能引起异常峰值f_0F_2约1-2MHz的起伏,而二天之内f_0F_2的二个峰值表现出约2-4MHz的起伏.     

青海钻孔应变强震前异常特征分析

选取2007年以来青海省6套YRY-4分量钻孔应变仪观测资料,采用非潮汐和潮汐分析方法,对观测资料进行分析处理。结果发现:1格尔木地震台钻孔应变差应变曲线显示中短期速率异常,而德令哈地震台则显示超2倍标准差异常;2乐都地震台钻孔应变振幅因子显示突跳型异常,且异常时间短,而潮汐因子表现为下降—恢复型异常。     

黄石台ORBES-81型伸缩仪观测结果的调和分析及海潮改正

本文对黄石台ORBES-81型石英伸缩仪的应变固体潮观测资料作了分析计算,其调和分析结果为:对O_1波,振幅因子0.4219,相位滞后6°36＇;对M_2波,振幅因子0.4256,相位滞后-4°42＇.同时,讨论了海潮引起的负荷潮汐应变的改正问题.模拟计算发现负荷潮汐应变与体潮应变大致为同一量级,文中列出了海潮改正后的结果,并作了讨论.最后,对黄石台伸缩仪的架设方位作了评价.     

黄石台ORBES-81型伸缩仪观测结果的调和分析及海潮改正

本文对黄石台ORBES-81型石英伸缩仪的应变固体潮观测资料作了分析计算,其调和分析结果为:对O₁波,振幅因子0.4219,相位滞后6°36＇;对M₂波,振幅因子0.4256,相位滞后-4°42＇.同时,讨论了海潮引起的负荷潮汐应变的改正问题.模拟计算发现负荷潮汐应变与体潮应变大致为同一量级,文中列出了海潮改正后的结果,并作了讨论.最后,对黄石台伸缩仪的架设方位作了评价.     

新泽5井数字化水位特征分析

分析了新泽5井地下水位、气压、地热(深层水温)等测项的数字化观测资料的特征及其相互间的变化关系。结果表明, 数字化水位观测资料与模拟观测资料及其气压效应和潮汐效应一致。给出了数字化水位的气压系数, 分钟值、时值、日均值条件下的气压系数分别为7. 3mm/h Pa、7. 4 mm/hPa、7. 1 mm/hPa; M₂ 波潮汐因子和相对误差为0. 801 1和0. 0377; 地热变化稳定, 与水位呈同步趋势变化。     

怀来体应变对张北地震的反应特征

采用Nakai拟合模型,对怀来体应变固体潮整点值观测资料进行拟合检验,并求取体应变固体潮的振幅因子A、时间滞后Δt以及拟合多项式各阶的系数a0,a1,a2等特征参量。研究发现,振幅因子A和拟合常数项a0能够良好地反映介质的弹性性质,体现了与地震有关的前兆特征,并在张北地震前出现前兆变化;而其他参数的变化主要反映了季节性年周期环境变化对观测资料的影响。     

2000年影响因子最高的中国科技期刊排行榜(前100名)

排序期刊名称影响因子排序期刊名称影响因子1地质学报 1.5 0 6 85 1化学学报 0 .4 7762地质论评 1.4 4815 2福建林学院学报 0 .4 74 73中国科学 ,Ｄ 1.2 2 0 15 3中国科学 ,Ｅ 0 .4 74 04矿床地质 1.0 4 835 4管理科学学报 0 .4 72 05第四纪研究 0 .984 75 5计算机与应用化学 0 .4 70 96摩擦学学报 0 .96 6 0 5 6林业科学 0 .4 6 887地理学报 0 .95 0 85 7电力系统自动化 0 .4 6 6 98地学前缘 0 .94 86 5 8遥感学报 0 .4 6 369植物学报 0 .82 785 9应用生态学报 0 .4 5 9510岩石学报 0 .7795 6 0中国水稻科学 0 .4 5 9511药物分析杂志 0 .77…     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震的远程地下水动力学效应

对新疆北天山地区地下流体的动态观测资料进行分析 ,发现在 2 0 0 1年 11月 14日昆仑山口西 8.1级地震的震时和震后 ,多井水位、水温、流量出现大量异常变化 ,其特征主要表现为地震波的同震振动效应和震后阶跃变化。其中乌鲁木齐 10号井的地震波效应双振幅最大 ,为 185 mm,持续时间达 2个小时 ;0 4井水位阶跃上升幅度较大 ,为 0 .12 5 m,且具有不可逆特征。另外 ,对比了新疆及邻区 7级以上地震北天山地下水的震后效应 ,讨论了地下水远程效应与井震距离的关系以及阶跃异常的幅度等问题     

太湖定振波的初步研究

初步分析研究了太湖定振波的变化规律,结果表明:(1)东、西太湖有各自的振动周期,东太湖变化范围在181—292min,平均为243min;西太湖在120—540min,平均为400min。(2)观测到的最大振幅(1/2波高)为120—130mm。(3)用差分法对定振波的特征值进行了近似估算,其周期误差为20min。(4)定振波引起的湖流相当大,当振幅为100mm时,最大流速可达±20cm/s。(5)定振波振幅的突变与气压场、风场和降水分布不均匀并在短期内发生突变有关。     

Intensity of Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations observed on the Earth’s surface, depending on the corresponding oscillation mode (poloidal or toroidal) in the magnetosphere

Thirty-six cases of Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations on the GOES-8 geostationary satellite for 2001, which had amplitudes equal to several nanoteslas and continued for more than an hour, have been studied. Twenty-two and 14 pulsations were toroidal and poloidal, respectively. All these pulsations were compared with geomagnetic observations at the Poste-de-la-Baleine observatory (PBQ), which was located near the satellite projection. It was established that the pulsation frequencies on the ground and in the magnetosphere do not always coincide. It has been detected that poloidal oscillations have small and large amplitudes on the ground and in the magnetosphere, respectively; the situation is opposite for toroidal oscillations. The amplitude of ground-level pulsations to a larger degree depends on the azimuthal field component in the magnetosphere than on the radial component.     

Comparison of the attenuation properties for two different areas in eastern Anatolia,Turkey

In this study, the attenuation properties of the crust and the quality factor of S wave in eastern Anatolia (Turkey) were determined by local earthquakes for two different areas, Oltu and Erzurum. Seismic wave attenuation can be changed with high pressure or structural effects. Therefore, we argued that the estimation of attenuation coefficient in seismic active zones in Eastern Anatolia is a very useful tool to determine seismic activities. It uses regional waveform data set from two stations, OLT and ERZ, for 95 events that occurred in these regions between 2001 and 2005. The attenuation has been determined using the Chobra–Alexeev model based on the epicenter distance–amplitude relations. This model allows for investigation of the effects of variations in attenuation properties for different areas. We introduced a new magnitude formula for these areas using the amplitude normalization methods for reference values M_L=4, so as to correct effects of the magnitudes. We also determined velocity of seismic waves. The average attenuation coefficient (α), average quality factor (Q_s) and P and S waves velocities were obtained with normalized amplitude values for Erzurum (ERZ) and Oltu (OLT) as 0.0135 km⁻¹, 37, 6.20 km/s and 3.38 km/s and 0.0151, 34, 6.13 and 3.48.     

地磁逐日比异常电磁学成因的进一步分析

基于地磁逐日比异常期间地磁垂直分量日变化幅度变大或变小的统计结果,发现地磁逐日比高值异常是由异常日的地磁垂直分量日变化幅度变小和异常前一天的日变化幅度变大所致。其中,异常日的日变化幅度变小可能是地磁逐日比异常的主要因素,但异常前一天的日变化幅度变大也是异常成立的重要因素。此外,引用前人感应电流假说,结合统计结果进行了机理解释,研究结论进一步证实了前人对该方法的机理推测。     

地震波动力学特征在宁蒗─盐源地区地震序列早期判断中的应用

通过对宁蒗─盐源地区各类地震序列在３天和７天内地震波动力学特征的研究，表明该地区前震序列的地震在垂直分量上Ｐ波初动一致，且Ｐ、Ｓ波最大振幅比值稳定，呈过原点的直线，其振幅比值较低，而早期前震序列振幅比值较高。双震型地震序列出现两组初动，第一主震的余震振幅比不稳定，但第二主震的前震振幅比仍保持呈过原点的直线，利用地震特特征可望区分第一主震的余震和第二主震的前震。主余震地震序列的地震振幅比不稳定。应用地震波动力学特征作为地震序列的早期判断方法，可在３天和７天内对宁蒗─盐源地区的前震、双震型地震序列作出判断，在３天内对主余震序列作出判断。     

宁夏地区Lg波衰减及场地响应特征

本文采用2008—2017年宁夏及邻区内15个数字地震台站记录的131次地震的波形资料,基于地震波衰减与场地响应联合反演方法,分析频率介于1—7 Hz之间的Lg波衰减及场地响应。采用2.2—3.6 km/s的速度窗截取了1 069条Lg波,计算得到Lg波各分量的地震波衰减品质因子Q（ f ）与频率f之间的关系。结果显示:Lg波垂直、东西及南北向各分量的Q₀分别为237.1,201.8及245.9;Q（ f ）对f的依赖性指数分别为0.44,0.52及0.44,该结果与全球其它地震活跃地区的相应研究结果相一致。对Q（ f ）在时间域的分析结果表明,研究时段内该地区地壳介质的衰减属性并未改变,15个台站的最大场地响应幅值不大于6。      

利用中国北部连续重力站资料评估全球潮汐模型精度

为评估全球潮汐模型在我国潮汐改正中的适用性,本文首先对10个重力站2016—2018年的观测数据进行了精度评定,而后基于均方根、和方根、纬度依赖关系以及重力残差等指标对7个全球潮汐模型进行了精度评定。结果表明:10个重力站的一些评价指标达到甚至超越了早期超导重力仪,例如M₂波潮汐因子的中误差普遍小于0.000 70,其中最高精度约为0.000 14,5个主要潮波的稳定度均≤0.001 5。在10个观测模型和7个全球潮汐模型中,DDW-NHi和M2001模型考虑了地球扁率的影响,基于这两个模型计算的和方根较其它模型所得的和方根均小,约为0.288×10?8 m/s2。基于最高精度的乌什站数据对Molodensky, DDW-NHi,M2001与观测模型的改正精度的对比显示,DDW-NHi模型改正计算的重力残差（±0.4×10?8—±1.0×10?8 m/s2）不及观测模型（±0.1×10?8—±0.5×10?8 m/s2）,但依然优于M2001模型（±0.7×10?8—±1.4×10?8 m/s2）,且DDW-NHi模型改正获得的残差比传统的Molodensky模型所得残差（±0.5×10?8—±1.5×10?8 m/s2）小1×10?8—2×10?8 m/s2.      

The contribution of scattering to near-surface attenuation

The rapid decrease of the acceleration spectral amplitude at high frequencies has widely been modeled by the spectral decay factor kappa (κ). Usually, the path-corrected component of κ, often called κ₀, is believed to be a local and frequency-independent site characteristic, in turn representing attenuation related to waves propagating vertically through the very shallow layers beneath the study site. Despite the known relevance of κ₀ in a wide range of seismological applications, most methods for its calculation do not fully consider the influence of the scattering component. To account for the scattering component, we present a summary of statistical observations of the seismic wavefield at sites of the Swiss seismic networks. The intrinsic properties of the wavefield show a clear dependency on the local shallow subsoil conditions with differences in the structural heterogeneity of the shallow subsoil layers producing different scattering regimes. Such deviations from the ballistic behavior (i.e., direct waves that sample only distinct directions) are indicative for local structural heterogeneities and the associated level of scatter. Albeit the attenuation term related to scattering depends nonlinearly on the intrinsic term, the results indicate that the commonly used explanation for the high-frequency decay spectrum might not be appropriate but involving the amount of scattering might allow better constrained estimates of κ₀.     

The effect of turbulent flow structures on saltation sand transport in the atmospheric boundary layer

The effect of turbulent flow structures on saltation sand transport was studied during two convective storms in Niger, West Africa. Continuous, synchronous measurements of saltation fluxes and turbulent velocity fluctuations were made with a sampling frequency of 1 Hz. The shear stress production was determined from the vertical and streamwise velocity fluctuations. The greatest stress-bearing events were classified as turbulent structures, with sweep, ejection, inward interaction, and outward interaction described according to the quadrant technique. The classified turbulent structures accounted for 63·5 per cent of the average shear stress during the first storm, and 56·0 per cent during the second storm. The percentage of active time was only 20·6 per cent and 15·8 per cent, respectively. High saltation fluxes were associated with sweeps and outward interactions. These two structures contribute positively (sweeps) and negatively (outward interactions) to the shear stress, but have in common that the streamwise velocity component is higher than average. Therefore, the horizontal drag force seems primarily responsible for saltation sand transport, and not the shear stress. This was also reflected by the low correlation coefficients (r) between shear stress and saltation flux (0·12 and 0·14, respectively), while the correlation coefficients between the streamwise velocity component and saltation flux were much higher (0·65 and 0·57, respectively). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Characterizing and quantifying earthquake-induced site nonlinearity

This study proposes a recording-based approach to characterize and quantify earthquake-induced site nonlinearity, exemplified as soil nonlinearity and/or liquefaction. Alternative to Fourier spectral analysis (FSA), the paper introduces time–frequency analysis of earthquake ground motion recordings with the aid of so-called Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), and offers justification for the HHT in addressing the nonlinear features shown in the recordings. With the use of the 2001 Nisqually earthquake recordings, this study shows that the proposed approach is effective in characterizing site nonlinearity and quantifying the influences in seismic ground responses. Major results from this study are listed below.

1. HHT-based site amplification is defined as the ratio of marginal Hilbert amplitude spectra, similar to the Fourier-based one that is the ratio of Fourier amplitude spectra. The HHT-based site amplification can be used in effectively quantifying site nonlinearity in terms of frequency downshift in the low-frequency range and amplification-reduction factor in intermediate-frequency range in comparison with the Fourier-based one.

2. Instantaneous damping, and Hilbert and marginal Hilbert damping spectra are defined in ways similar to instantaneous frequency, and Hilbert and marginal Hilbert amplitude spectra, respectively. Consequently, the HHT-based site damping is found as the difference of marginal Hilbert damping spectra, which can be used as an alternative, complementary index to measure the influences of site nonlinearity in seismic ground responses.

Amplitude Response of a LCR Gravimeter with Feedback at Periods of Microseisms and Earthquake Waves

The amplitude response of a LCR gravimeter with the SRW-E feedback was determined on a vertical vibrating platform. The ink-pen recorder was connected parallel with the digital voltmeter input to obtain an analog response of the gravimeter to the harmonic motion of the base with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 10 m and periods excited in an interval of 4 - 10 s as by the ground motion of meteorological microseisms, and in the interval 10 -100 s as by surface waves of distant strong earthquakes. In the first interval, an unexpected maximum of the amplitude response was observed with the double amplitude of apparent 6,5 Gal (6.5 × 10 _–8 m/s ² ) at a period of 4.8 s, and a baseline shift with the amplitude of–64Gal was observed at the same period. The value of this direct component cannot be separated from the effect of the Earth's gravity field. In the second interval, the amplitude response of the gravimeter displayed one expected maximum at a period of 40 s with the double amplitude of 8.1Gal. At the usual level of microseisms with a peak-to-peak amplitude of up to 2 m the fluctuation of the gravimeter on the direct baseline shifted by –4.9 Gal was estimated at 1 Gal. With typical Rayleigh surface waves with periods of 20 s and double amplitudes of up to 100 m, the fluctuation reached 67 Gal.