Research on seismic intensity zonation by use of the response intensity of historical earthquakes—with the central part of Shanxi Province as an example

With the central part of Shanxi Province as an example, this paper studied seismic intensity zonation directly by use of the response intensity of historical earthquakes. From the result, some conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) For areas rich in data of historical earthquakes, the seismic intensity zonation map with probabilistic meanings can be compiled by use of the statistical features of the response intensity of sites; (2) When determining the length of time for statistics, the completeness of response intensity data and the inhomogeneity of regional seismic activities should be fully considered; (3) By comparing the seismic intensity zonation result for recurrence interval of 500 years with the new Seismic Intensity Zonation Map of China (1990), it has been found that the two are roughly similar; though they are somewhat different for some localities, each has its own reasonableness.     

我国近海地震活动特征及其与地球物理场的关系

对我国近海海域有历史记载以来的地震的震级、震中参数进行了整理分析,并分析了各海域地震活动的时、空分布规律,根据历史地震资料,确定海域受历史地震影响的最大影响烈度,然后初步分析了地震活动与现代构造应力场、地球物理场的关系.研究发现:(1)近海海域历史地震资料的精度较低,中强地震存在明显的遗漏.(2)渤海、台湾海峡、南海北部地震活动性较强,黄海次之,东海最弱.(3)近海海域的震害主要来自海域地震和近岸陆地强震的影响,影响强弱依次为:渤海、黄海、东南沿海、东海.(4)现代构造应力场以水平向构造应力场作用下的走滑运动为主,最大主应力方向受印度板决和太平洋板块、菲律宾海板块的俯冲挤压方向影响.(5)海域地球物理场,特别是布格重力异常、地壳厚度分布与强震构造带的空间分布关系的相关性较好.本文的研究结果可为我国海域及滨海重要工程的抗震设防、海域地震危险性区划提供一定的基础.     

Macroseismic Intensity Modelling of Earthquakes in Southern Spain: Attenuation and Tectonic Implications

A modelling of the observed macroseismic intensity of historical and instrumental earthquakes in southern Spain is proposed, with the aim of determining the macroseismic parameters for seismic hazard evaluation in a region in which the characterization of intensity distribution of seismic events shows different levels of difficulty referable to the complex faults system of the area in study. The adopted procedure allows an analytical determination of epicenters and principal attenuation directions of earthquakes with a double level of verification with reference to the maximum shaking area and structural lineaments of the region, respectively. The analyses, carried out on a suitable number of events, highlight, therefore, some elements for a preliminary characterization of a seismic zonation on the basis of the consistency between seismic intensity distribution of earthquakes and corresponding structural framework.     

SEISMIC INTENSITY EVALUATION MODEL IN MEIZOSEISMAL AREA BASED ON FOCAL DEPTH

China is the country with the challenge of severe earthquake disaster. In order to mitigate the disaster and save lives, emergency response and rescue work after an earthquake are deployed and led by the Chinese governments at all level, the effectiveness of which has been proved. In such work, how to quickly evaluate the seismic intensity in meizoseismal area is a crucial issue at the early period after the earthquake. It is the foundation to estimate the disaster losses and decide the scale of rescue teams and materials. However, at the early period only a few physical parameters of the earthquake can be acquired and some of them may even be inaccurate. An evaluation model of seismic intensity in meizoseismal area is investigated and presented by statistic method in this study. After an earthquake there are four authoritative parameters officially released by China Earthquake Administration generally within ten minutes:earthquake magnitude (M_S), focal depth, latitude and longitude position, and the occurrence time. They are good candidate input parameters of the evaluation model. We collect the information of 215 historical earthquake occurring in China from 1966 to 2013, including:The four parameters and the seismic intensity in meizoseismal area. Through statistical analysis we find the seismic intensity in meizoseismal area has high correlation with the earthquake magnitude (M_S) and the focal depth and then select them as the formal input parameters. After further investigation a generalized linear model is built to fit the relationship between the seismic intensity in meizoseismal area, earthquake magnitude (M_S) and the focal depth. The effectiveness of the model is validated by the Sig value and F value from theoretic perspective. The validation also includes the application of the model in real earthquakes occurring from 2014 to 2017. After the earthquakes, the seismic intensities in meizoseismal area have been quickly estimated and used in the command of national earthquake disaster emergency relief. The applications in real earthquakes get good results. Finally, the robustness of the model is analyzed. We respectively verify the influences of the earthquake magnitude (M_S) and the focal depth and find the seismic intensity in meizoseismal area is more sensitive to the earthquake magnitude. Under the condition of the same focal depth, when the change of the earthquake magnitude is up to 0.5, the change of the seismic intensity will reach to 1. However, in order to cause same change of the seismic intensity, the difference of the focal depth will be 10 kilometers. Basically, these changes derived from the model meet the situation of historical earthquakes.     

Study on the characteristics of earthquake’s impact on cities

Firstly, the impact of historical earthquakes on 34 China province-level capital cities is evaluated by using historical earthquake catalog. The distribution of affected intensity shows, about 53% of cities have even not been affected by earthquake intensity VI, and 44% of cities have been hit by earthquake intensity VII to IX. For most of the cities, occurrence frequency of affected intensity VI is usually higher than that of affected intensity larger than VI, and the value of affected intensity with maximal occurrence frequency may be very different among cities. So both the maximal affected intensity and the affected intensity with maximal occurrence frequency should be taken into account when the prevention seismic intensity needs to be determined. Secondly, considering the incompleteness of records of historical earthquakes, a method of earthquake catalog computer simulation is introduced to study the features of affected intensity of big cities. 69 county-level cities of Fujian Province are selected to be statistical objects. The statistical result shows, for different risk levels the seismic intensity changes greatly among cities, the seismic intensity of 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years can be regarded as the characteristic affected intensity of city, and can be the basis of determining the city special earthquake prevention level and a proper indicator of future earthquake’s impact on cities. Foundation item: A Public Benefit Foundation of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. Contribution No. 04FE1005, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration.     

Study on the characteristics of earthquake''''s impact on cities

Introduction With rapid development of national economy, urbanization has been speeded up in China, and several city groups or city belts with extra-large cities as their centers have been formed. For example, Pearl River Delta urbanized area surrounds Guangzhou City, Shenzhen City, Zhuhai City; Yangtze River Delta urbanized area surrounds Shanghai City, Suzhou City, Wuxi City, Nanjing City, Hangzhou City; Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan urbanized area surrounds Beijing City, Tianjin City…     

根据烈度分布确定华北历史地震破裂区的经验准则及其应用

地震破裂区是地震时沿发震断裂带的同震错动面或破裂面在地表的垂直投影区域,指示了震源断层/破裂的位置与尺度。确定过去长期的强震/大地震破裂区是鉴别地震空区、研究与预测强震危险性的重要基础。对于现代强震,破裂区可运用多种现代技术方法确定,但对于历史强震,破裂区确定的方法需要探索与发展。以华北地区为例,研究利用烈度/等震线资料、结合地震构造与震区地表地质环境等信息确定历史强震破裂区的方法,并开展应用试验。结果表明:研究区现代地震破裂区延伸的烈度区间与极震区烈度、震区环境之间存在密切关系,基于这种关系建立了2条经验准则,可分别用于根据烈度分布确定华北2类震区环境(基岩区和厚层第四纪松散堆积覆盖区)历史强震破裂区的位置与延伸。文中还提出通过综合地震构造、现代小震/余震分布等信息,辅助确定历史强震破裂区横向宽度的思路与途径。作为应用试验,文中确定了5次历史地震的破裂区,结果表明本文发展的经验准则及相应方法适用于华北地区历史强震破裂区的确定。     

论工程场地地震安全性评价中历史地震影响烈度的分析方法──以南澳跨海大桥为例

合理地确定场地的历史地震影响烈度，是工程场地地震安全性评价工作中的重要一环。本文以广东南澳跨海大桥场址为例，论述了历史地震影响烈度分析的要点。首先对南澳附近１９１８年７．３级地震的震中位置及对桥址的影响烈度进行了确认；其次对选择合适的区域地震烈度衰减关系进行了分析比较，并建立了合理的桥址影响烈度目录；最后应用极值统计分析方法，得到不同平均重现期所对应的烈度值，为大桥的抗震设计提供了设防依据。     

利用近代小震资料快速简略评估地震危险性的方法

利用１９７０～１９９４年华北地区仪器记录到的地震目录，通过层次模型，将该地区分为不同大小的单元，在每个单元中，由小震活动情况，通过Ｇ－Ｒ关系是到较大地震的活动情况；并根据震级和烈度之间的关系，得到未来５０ａ不同地震烈度的发生概率，文中还将所得结果与历史地震活动情况以及第三代区划图进行对比研究，结果表明，由近代小震活动对地震危险性进行评估是可能的。     

中国大陆强震灾害范围的统计研究

强震的灾害范围是非常重要的地震学参数,它在地震灾害快速评估,地震保险及防震减灾等方面有着广泛的应用。本文全面,系统地收集了中国大陆宏观等震线资料,对没有地理坐标的等震线进行了数字化。精确计算了从１３０３年至１９９４年共１８３次强震的灾害范围,并对误差因素进行了分析。