中亚地区地震序列特征

共搜集到１９７０－１９８４年中亚地区８个地震序列。通过分析这些板块内部地震序列的震源分布,震源机制,归纳出它们的特征是：震中分布的长轴部比较短,震中分布长轴和短轴的比值小;长轴的方向受当地地震带的走向控制。和碰撞带走向无关。地震序列中各地震的震源深度都比较浅。其中有震源机制资料的３个地震序列表明：主震的震源机制如果是逆冲滑动,倾角则比较低;主要的震源机制如果是走向滑动,倾角则比较高。     

西南太平洋地区地震序列的特征

共搜集到１９８４￣１９９０年西南太平洋地区１２个板缘地震序列。多数地震序列的特征是：震中分布区域的长轴较长并且随主震震级和序列中强震次数而增加;震中分布区域的长、短轴长度的比值较高;地震序列的余震震源机制和主震的差异不大;震源深度下限超过地壳,可达７０ｋｍ以上。走滑型主震占的比例低,高倾角滑动面的走向既有与俯冲带走向平行的也有横切的,个别逆冲型地震的断层面走向横切俯冲带。它们显示出与板块俯冲带主体     

千岛群岛地区地震序列特征

搜集到千岛群岛地区1964～1976年共6个地震序列,并分析了它们的特征．按序列震源分布与俯冲带的空间关系判定,它们都属于板缘地震序列．其中正处于俯冲带的5个地震序列的各种参数比较一致:震中分布区域长轴较长,长轴与短轴的比值高,震源深度延伸范围大,显示与俯冲方向相同的倾向,倾角中等．但有1个例外,估计与早期资料精度偏低有关．      

前震序列的图像特征研究

地震丛集在时间和空间上分布具有不同的特征,2个特殊的例子就是前震序列和震群。基于对1966~1996年中国大陆8个前震序列的分析,本研究提取了如下前震序列的图像特征:1前震序列的震中在空间上密集集中;2前震的震源机制与主震的震源机制相似,而这种与主震震源机制的一致性在余震序列和震群中并不存在;3这30年在中国大陆我们尚未发现主震之前的前震丛集的震源机制不一致。最后,我们发现中国大陆5%的主震前发生前震序列。     

海城地震序列的特征

本文对1975年2月4日发生的海城7.3级地震的震前地震活动背景、地震序列和空间分布上的特征进行了研究。 在海城地震的极震区附近,平时很少有地震活动。但自2月1日开始,距震中20公里的营口市石硼峪地震台连续记录到527次前震。这些前震的震中位置很集中,其P波初动符号比饺一致,在时间分布上出现了密集-平静-大震的现象。大震以后的余震很多。 主震极震区的长轴方向与余震分布区的长轴方向和主震震源机制的A节面相一致。由此推测,主震的错动面为北西西走向,可能是高倾角的左旋平移断层的滑动结果。 文中还对临震预报的方法进行了一些讨论。     

全球浅源巨大地震序列统计特征

系统研究了1976年以来全球58次M_W≥7.8浅源地震序列的统计特征。结果显示:(1)在58次巨大地震中,板间地震45次,板内地震13次,板内地震强度低于板间地震。(2)74.1%的板间地震为逆断层错动,61.5%的板内地震为走滑型错动。(3)58次地震序列中,82.8%为主-余型,17.2%为多震型;与5级以上地震序列不同,巨大地震没有孤立型,其余震比较活跃;板内地震中,多震型占7.7%,而板间地震中多震型占20%。(4)对于主-余型序列,75%的主震与最大余震的震级差为1.0～2.0级;震级差与主震震源错动类型有关,走滑型的震级差明显大于逆冲型;68%的最大余震发生在主震后3天内,其次为10天左右与1个月左右; 49%的D_(max-aft)(最大余震震中与主震震中间的距离)不超过余震区长轴的1/3,31%的D_(max-aft)为余震区尺度的1/3～1/2;最大余震的发生时间、最大余震震中与主震震中间的距离同主震断层错动类型间的关系不明显。(5)应用ETAS模型计算了46个序列参数后发现,b值、p值和a值均呈Beta分布,b值平均为1.164±0.211,p值平均为1.559±0.412,a值平均为1.673±0.911; p值和a值分布分散;对于不同的序列类型、震源错动类型及板内、板间地震,b值差异不显著;逆冲型序列p值明显大于走滑型和正断层型;板间地震序列a值明显小于板内地震;逆冲型序列a值明显小于走滑型和正断层型;这表明,与板内地震相比,板间地震具有较强的"余震激发余震"的能力;逆冲型破裂虽然会导致序列衰减较快,但触发次级余震的能力相对较强。(6)逆冲型巨大地震余震区长轴L的对数与主震震级M_W间的拟合关系式为lg L=(-1.399±0.306)+(0.470±0.037) M_W。     

中国东部大陆板内地震的共轭破裂特征

本文分析对比了中国南北地震带及其以东大陆板内６５次地震的特征，检查的特征包括极震区长轴方向、余震震中密集区走向、震源机制解和多次破裂点。还确定了各次地震地震源破裂方向，概括出该地区地震断裂的基本形态。     

2020年新疆伽师MS 5.4、MS6.4两次中强地震发震构造探讨(英文)

2020年1月,新疆伽师连续发生M_S5.4、M_S6.4两次中强地震,震中分别位于天山南麓和塔里木盆地交界的推覆构造前缘。基于地震精定位和震源机制解揭示褶皱和逆冲带的深部几何结构对于理解这两次中强震发生机理具有重要的作用。本文利用18个区域固定地震台站资料,对2009年1月1日至2021年7月31日期间的地震展开重定位研究,并对伽师M_S5.4前震、M_S6.4主震以及7次4级以上余震开展震源机制求解,进一步反演得到震源区构造应力场。地震定位结果显示,整个地震序列呈NNW和EW2个优势方向分布,前震序列和余震序列在时空分布上存在明显差异,前震序列主要沿着NNW向展布,而余震主要在近EW向的奥兹格尔他乌断裂上展布,并表现出双层分布特征;震源机制反演结果表明,2020年1月18日伽师M_S5.4前震为一次走滑型地震事件,而伽师M_SS6.4主震和7次余震均为逆冲型事件;另外,应力场反演显示主震震源区为近NS向挤压特征,与该区域地表应力状态基本一致。结合上述结果以及周边地...     

2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震及其强余震序列重定位

本文采用云南测震台网的观测报告数据,利用双差定位方法对2014年鲁甸M_S6.5地震及其强余震序列进行了重定位,获得了3 658个地震事件的震源参数。重定位后地震序列的震中分布显示,余震分布存在两个优势方向,分别为近EW向和SES向,呈共轭型分布,近EW向条带展布长度为30 km,SES 向条带展布长度为20 km;震源深度的分布显示,地震序列总体表现为主震附近震源较深,沿近EW向和SES向逐渐变浅,地震序列的震源深度主要分布在4—20 km范围内。截至2017年2月28日,鲁甸M_S6.5地震震源区共发生（同一天发生的一组地震算一次）M_S≥4.5强余震4次。重定位后的鲁甸4次强余震序列震中分布存在差异:2014年9月10日和10月27日两次强余震序列的展布特征与主震相同,而2016年和2017年另外两次强余震的后续余震仅分布在强余震的周边,与主震序列明显不同。综合重定位后余震序列分布、震源区地质调查资料以及前人研究认为,鲁甸地震的4次强余震序列是区域应力场和主震引发的震源区应力场共同作用的结果,2014年9月10日和10月27日的两次强余震序列主要受主震引发的震源区应力场的影响;而2016年和2017年两次强余震序列则主要受区域应力场的影响。      

1999年岫岩地震序列研究

用相对定位法对1999年11月29日辽宁省岫岩地区5.4级地震序列的前震、主震和余震进行了重新定位。结果是该序列的主震震源位置为40.538°N,123.026°E,深度为6.958km;重新定位的前震震中分布长短轴差别不大,分布在长轴约1.38km,短轴约1.23km,深度为6～11km的震源范围内,其中4级以上前震明显沿NW向分布,主震位于前震震中NW向分布的东南端;重新定位的余震明显沿NW走向分布,长轴约3.26km,短轴约0.79km,深度为5～12km,余震分布范围比前震分布范围大,主要是后期余震活动向SE向发展的结果。分析表明,1999年岫岩地震序列主要沿NW向分布,这个方向与1975年海城地震序列的NW向分布一致,与海城7.3级主震和岫岩5.4级主震震源机制解NW走向节面一致,也与海城 岫岩震区活动构造方向和岫岩主震的等震线长轴方向一致。并认为岫岩5.4级主震可能被前震触发,这为主破裂成核过程提供了一次实例。     

2013年1月29日哈萨克斯坦MS6.1地震序列的震源机制解分析

北京时间2013年1月29日,哈萨克斯坦发生MS6.1地震,为了提高对地震震源机制解的认识,并进一步了解震源区的应力场特征,利用CAP方法反演了此次地震序列震源机制解.反演结果表明,MS6.1地震节面Ⅰ的参数：走向241°,倾角80°,滑动角7°;节面Ⅱ的参数：走向150°,倾角84°,滑动角170°;P轴方位为196°,倾角2°,T轴方位为105°,倾角12°;矩震级MW为6.1;矩心深度为13km;震源类型是左旋走滑型.此次地震序列破裂优势方向为NEE—SWW,倾角以30°～60°居多,滑动角以60°～120°、-60°～-120°居多;P轴方位的优势取向为近NE—SW向,接近水平的居优;T轴优势取向为近SEE—NWW向,接近垂直的居优;震源机制类型以倾向滑动型为主.反演结果与断层的分布、余震分布及哈萨克斯坦中天山（伊犁盆地西部）NEE—SWW向应力场有很好的一致性.     

FOCAL FAULTS AND STRESS FIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF M7.0 JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE IN 2017

On August 8, 2017, Beijing time, an earthquake of M7.0 occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, with the epicenter located at 33.20°N 103.82°E. The earthquake caused 25 people dead, 525 people injured, 6 people missing and 170000 people affected. Many houses were damaged to various degrees. Up to October 15, 2017, a total of 7679 aftershocks were recorded, including 2099 earthquakes of M ≥ 1.0. The M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred in the northeastern boundary belt of the Bayan Har block on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where many active faults are developed, including the Tazhong Fault(the eastern segment of the East Kunlun Fault), the Minjiang fault zone, the Xueshan fault zone, the Huya fault zone, the Wenxian fault zone, the Guanggaishan-Daishan Fault, the Bailongjiang Fault, the Longriuba Fault and the Longmenshan Fault. As one of the important passages for the eastward extrusion movement of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(Tapponnier et al., 2001), the East Kunlun fault zone has a crucial influence on the tectonic activities of the northeastern boundary belt of Bayan Kala. Meanwhile, the Coulomb stress, fault strain and other research results show that the eastern boundary of the Bayan Har block still has a high risk of strong earthquakes in the future. So the study of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake' seismogenic faults and stress fields is of great significance for scientific understanding of the seismogenic environment and geodynamics of the eastern boundary of Bayan Har block. In this paper, the epicenter of the main shock and its aftershocks were relocated by the double-difference relocation method and the spatial distribution of the aftershock sequence was obtained. Then we determined the focal mechanism solutions of 24 aftershocks(M ≥ 3.0)by using the CAP algorithm with the waveform records of China Digital Seismic Network. After that, we applied the sliding fitting algorithm to invert the stress field of the earthquake area based on the previous results of the mechanism solutions. Combining with the previous research results of seismogeology in this area, we discussed the seismogenic fault structure and dynamic characteristics of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Our research results indicated that:1)The epicenters of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake sequence distribute along NW-SE in a stripe pattern with a long axis of about 35km and a short axis of about 8km, and with high inclination and dipping to the southwest, the focal depths are mainly concentrated in the range of 2~25km, gradually deepening from northwest to southeast along the fault, but the dip angle does not change remarkably on the whole fault. 2)The focal mechanism solution of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake is:strike 151°, dip 69° and rake 12° for nodal plane Ⅰ, and 245°, 78° and -158° for nodal plane Ⅱ, the main shock type is pure strike-slip and the centroid depth of the earthquake is about 5km. Most of the focal mechanism of the aftershock sequence is strike-slip type, which is consistent with the main shock's focal mechanism solution; 3)In the earthquake source area, the principal compressive stress and the principal tensile stress are both near horizontal, and the principal compressive stress is near east-west direction, while the principal tensile stress is near north-south direction. The Jiuzhaigou earthquake is a strike-slip event that occurs under the horizontal compressive stress.     

STUDY ON THE SEISMOGENIC FAULT AND DYNAMICS PARAME-TERS OF THE 2014 MS6.6 JINGGU EARTHQUAKE IN YUNNAN

On October 17, 2014, a M_S6.6 earthquake occurred in Jinggu, Yunnan. The epicenter was located in the western branch of Wuliang Mountain, the northwest extension line of Puwen Fault. There are 2 faults in the surrounding area, one is a sinistral strike-slip and the other is the dextral. Two faults have mutual intersection with conjugate joints property to form a checkerboard faulting structure. The structure of the area of the focal region is complex. The present-day tectonic movement is strong, and the aftershock distribution indicates the faulting surface trending NNW. There is no obvious surface rupture related to the known fault in the epicenter, and there is a certain distance from the surface of the Puwen fault zone. Regional seismic activity is strong. In 1941, there were two over magnitude 7.0 earthquakes in the south of the epicenter of Jinggu County and Mengzhe Town. In 1988, two mainshock-aftershock type earthquakes occurred in Canglan-Gengma Counties, the principal stress axes of the whole seismic area is in the direction of NNE. Geological method can be adopted to clarify the distribution of surficial fracture caused by active faults, and high-precision seismic positioning and spatial distribution characteristics of seismic sequences can contribute to understand deep seismogenic faults and geometric features. Thus, we can better analyze the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of seismotectonics and the deep and shallow tectonic relationship. The focal mechanism reveals the property and faulting process to a certain extent, which can help us understand not only the active property of faults, but also the important basis for deep tectonic stress and seismogenic mechanism. In order to study the fault characteristic of the Jinggu earthquake, the stress field characteristics of the source area and the geometric parameters of the fault plane, this paper firstly uses the 15 days aftershock data of the Jingsuo M_S6.6 earthquake, to precisely locate the main shock and aftershock sequences using double-difference location method. The results show that the aftershock sequences have clustering characteristics along the NW direction, with a depth mainly of 5~15km. Based on the precise location, calculations are made to the focal mechanisms of a total of 46 earthquakes including the main shock and aftershocks with M_L ≥ 3.0 of the Jinggu earthquake. The double-couple(DC)component of the focal mechanism of the main shock shows that nodal plane Ⅰ:The strike is 239°, the dip 81°, and the rake -22°; nodal plane Ⅱ, the strike is 333°, the dip 68°, and the rake -170.31°. According to focal mechanism solutions, there are 42 earthquakes with a focal mechanism of strike-slip type, accounting for 91.3%. According to the distribution of the aftershock sequence, it can be inferred that the nodal plane Ⅱ is the seismogenic fault. The obtained focal mechanism is used to invert the stress field in the source region. The distribution of horizontal maximum principal stress orienation is concentrated. The main features of the regional tectonic stress field are under the NNE-SSW compression(P axis)and the NW-SE extension(T axis)and are also affected by NNW direction stress fields in the central region of Yunnan, which indicates that Jinggu earthquake fault, like Gengma earthquake, is a new NW-trending fault which is under domination of large-scale tectonic stress and effected by local tectonic stress environment. In order to define more accurately the occurrence of the fault plane of the Jinggu earthquake, with the precise location results and the stress field in the source region, the global optimal solution of the fault plane parameters and its error are obtained by using both global searching simulated annealing algorithm and local searching Gauss-Newton method. Since the parameters of the fault plane fitting process use the stress parameters obtained by the focal mechanism inversion, the data obtained by the fault plane fitting is more representative of the rupture plane, that is, the strike 332.75°, the dip 89.53°, and the rake -167.12°. The buried depth of the rupture plane is 2.746km, indicating that the source fault has not cut through the surface. Based on the stress field characteristics and the inversion results of the fault plane, it is preliminarily believed that the seismogenic structure of the Jinggu earthquake is a newly generated nearly vertical right-lateral strike-slip fault with normal component. The rupture plane length is about 17.2km, which does not extend to the Puwen fault zone. Jinggu earthquake occurred in Simao-Puer seismic region in the south of Sichuan-Yunnan plate. Its focal mechanism solution is similar to that of the three sub-events of the Gengma earthquake in November 1988. The seismogenic structure of both of them is NW-trending and the principal stress is NE-SW. The rupture plane of the Jinggu main shock(NW direction)is significantly different from the known near NS direction Lancang Fault and the near NE direction Jinggu Fault in the study area. It is preliminarily inferred that the seismogenic structure of this earthquake has a neogenetic feature.     

大柴旦Ms6.3级地震序列精确定位及发震构造初步研究

利用双差地震定位法对2009年8月28日青海省大柴旦地区发生的Ms6.3级地震及余震序列进行重新定位。结果显示:余震序列主要沿宗务隆山南缘断裂带分布;余震序列优势分布方向为北东东。该序列与宗务隆山南缘断裂带走向一致,与震源区的区域构造基本一致,余震主要分布于主震的南侧。此次地震主震发生在宗务隆山南缘断裂带北侧,Ms6.3级地震主破裂面走向、倾向、倾角与该断裂带产状基本一致,主震破裂面南侧余震活动强于北侧。     

FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTIONS AND STRESS FIELD OF THE 2019 CHANGNING,SICHUAN MAINSHOCK AND ITS MODERATE-STRONG AFTERSHOCKS(MS≥4.0)

A M_S6.0 earthquake with shallow focal depth of 16km struck Changning County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province at 22:55: 43(Beijing Time)on 17 June 2019. Although the magnitude of the earthquake is moderate, it caused heavy casualties and property losses to Changning County and its surrounding areas. In the following week, a series of aftershocks with M_S≥4.0 occurred in the epicentral area successively. In order to better understand and analyze the seismotectonic structure and generation mechanism of these earthquakes, in this paper, absolute earthquake location by HYPOINVERSE 2000 method is conducted to relocate the main shock of M_S6.0 in Changning using the seismic phase observation data provided by Sichuan Earthquake Administration, and focal mechanism solutions for Changning M_S6.0 main shock and M_S≥4.0 aftershocks are inferred using the gCAP method with the local and regional broadband station waveforms recorded by the regional seismic networks of Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Chongqing Municipality, and Guizhou Province. The absolute relocation results show that the epicenter of the main shock is located at 28.35°N, 104.88°E, and it occurred at an unusual shallow depth about only 6.98km, which could be one of the most significant reasons for the heavier damage in the Changning and adjoining areas. The focal plane solution of the Changning M_S6.0 earthquake indicates that the main shock occurred at a thrust fault with a left-lateral strike-slip component. The full moment tensor solution provided by gCAP shows that it contains a certain percentage of non-double couple components. After the occurrence of the main shock, a series of medium and strong aftershocks with M_S≥4.0 occurred continuously along the northwestern direction, the fault plane solutions for those aftershocks show mostly strike-slip and thrust fault-type. It is found that the mode of focal mechanism has an obvious characteristic of segmentation in space, which reflects the complexity of the dislocation process of the seismogenic fault. It also shows that the Changning earthquake sequences occurred in the shallow part of the upper crust. Combining with the results from the seismic sounding profile in Changning anticline, which is the main structure in the focal area, this study finds that the existence of several steep secondary faults in the core of Changning anticline is an important reason for the diversity of focal mechanism of aftershock sequences. The characteristics of regional stress field is estimated using the STRESSINVERSE method by the information of focal mechanism solutions from our study, and the results show that the Changning area is subject to a NEE oriented maximum principal stress field with a very shallow dipping and near-vertical minimum principal stress, which is not associated with the results derived from other stress indicators. Compared with the direction of the maximum principal compressive stress axis in the whole region, the direction of the stress field in the focal area rotates from the NWW direction to the NEE direction. The Changning M_S6.0 earthquake locates in the area with complex geological structure, where there are a large number of small staggered fault zones with unstable geological structure. Combining with the direction of aftershocks distribution in Changning area, we infer that the Changning M_S6.0 earthquake is generated by rupturing of the pre-existing fault in the Changning anticline under the action of the overall large stress field, and the seismogenic fault is a high dip-angle thrust fault with left-lateral strike-slip component, trending NW.     

四川芦山MS7.0地震余震序列双差定位、震源机制及应力场反演

2013年4月20日发生了四川芦山M_S7.0地震,主震中位于青藏地块与华南地块结合部的龙门山断裂带南端.本研究用双差定位法对芦山地震主震及余震序列进行重新定位,得到主震位置为(30.29°N,102.97°E,17.82 km)及4100多次余震重新定位结果.利用GSN/IRIS台网和国家台网及四川省区域台网的波形数据对主震及部分余震进行了震源机制解反演.结果表明,主震为一次逆冲地震,根据余震序列分布确定发震断层面走向为200°,震源机制解断层倾角为45°.基于震源断层面解和断层滑动方向,采用力轴张量计算法得到了研究区域的平均主压应力方向约为N112°E.     

Characteristics of earthquake sequences in the Kuril Islands

IntroductionEarthquakesshowanon-homogeneousdistributionontheEarth'ssurface;inmostregions,therearenoorfeweanhquakestooccur.Mosteanhquakesconcentrateinsomenarrowandlonghugeseismicbelts,forexample,thecircum-Pacificseismicbelt,Alpine-Himalnyanseismicbeltandmid-oceanridgeseismicbelt.Themid-oceanridgeseismicbelttraversesthePacific,Indian,AtlanticandArcticOceanstoformaunifiedandinterconnectedmid-oceanridgeseismicbelt;itisalsoconnectedwiththecircum-Pacific,Alpine-Himalayanseismicbelts.Therefore,t…     

强余震的空间分布特征及其理论解释

本文是《强余震的时间分布特征及其理论解释》(地球物理学报,1979年1期)的继续。文中分析了我国11个强震的余震序列,结果表明,强余震的空间分布有以下特点: 1.强余震的平面分布。强余震主要分布在断层的两端附近及主震震中附近。 2.强余震的空间迁移具有以下特征: (1)强余震的迁移范围与主震破裂长度相当,且随着时间的推移,迁移的范围越来越大;(2)其总的迁移范围及迁移方向与主震破裂方式有关。对单侧破裂的较大主震,强余震相对其震中呈单侧迁移;对双侧破裂的主震,其强余震相对其主震震中会呈现松弛振荡式迁移;对于双震型地震,强余震往往对第一个主震表现为单侧迁移,对于第二个主震表现为两头跳现象。 3.强余震的垂向分布:位于主破裂的断层面内,且在其前缘上。 本文从断裂力学和流变学角度,对上述观测事实进行了初步理论解释。