高温高压岩石力学—历史,现状,展望

高温高压岩石力学是岩石力学的分支学科，它以固体地球介质（材料）的变形行为和机制为研究对象，与一般变形固体力学相比较，具有高温、高压、强约束、宽时域、大变形、以及固－液相互作用、物理效应－化学效应并存等特点。高温高压岩石力学是在经典连续介质力学的基础上，针对自身的特殊性，运用破裂学、摩擦学和流变学的研究成果，经过相当长时期的酝酿和积累，大致于本世纪七十年代建立并逐步发展起来的。它在岩石破裂、摩质力学     

Donald V. Helmberger memoir — exceptional seismologist,teacher, mentor,friend

Donald V.Helmberger was an unparalleled observa-tional seismologist,and theoretician.His pioneering work in seismic waveform modeling,and the numerical methods ...     

Yanshan, Gaoshan——Two Active Volcanoes of the Volcanic Cluster in Arshan, Inner Mongolia

INTRODUCTIONArshan volcanic cluster is in the eastern part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,andlocated onthe westernfringe of the middle segment of the Da Hinggan(Greater Xing an)Mountains.Geographical coordinates of the volcanic cluster are120°14′00″~121°10′00″Eand47°15′00″~47°45′00″N.The volcanic tectonic unit belongs tothe Datong_Da Hinggan Mountains Cenozoic volcanic belt(Huang,et al.,1993).Volcanic activityis multiperiodic and can be dividedintothree main ph…     

Catalogue of earthquakes(December,1993—February,1994

Ｃａｔａｌｏｇｕｅｏｆｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓ（Ｄｅｃｅｍｂｅｒ，１９９３──Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ，１９９４）Ｐｅｉ－ＳｈａｎＣＨＥＮ（陈培善）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＳｔａｔｅＳｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢｕｒｅａｕ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１...     

极点和零点①——数字地震学基础(英文,续完)

10 数字地震图的波形参数测量 常规地震图的处理所测定的信号参数并不多,如初动时间、振幅、上升时间、波形宽度、信号矩以及特殊波组的初动方向(见图10.1).     

宝鸡—彭县,天水—宝轮地区活动断裂调查与地震危险性分析

经过对宝鸡－彭县、天水－宝轮地区进行详细的实地调查，对重点地段开展了槽探和剥土，采集年代样及构造岩薄片样，实测可流阶地位相剖面，同时还搜集了遥感图象解译等资料和区前人所作工作成果。     

A Review on Researches of Active Tectonics——History, Progress and Suggestions1

This paper reviews the history and progress of research on active tectonics in China and overseas. By giving a brief introduction on the history of active tectonic research in China and other countries, the paper sums up the process and development of quantitative investigation of active tectonics since the 1980s. The focus is on the main efforts and progress made in China on certain aspects of research, such as basic surveys and applied investigation of active tectonics, the study of theories related to regional active tectonics and their kinematics and geodynamics, surveys on coupling relations between deep and shallow structures, active fault surveys and prospecting and seismic hazard assessment in urban areas, as well as the efforts made using Quaternary geochronology. Furthermore, the paper looks back on Chinese quantitative investigation of active tectonics in China and sums up cognitions derived from studies on the determination of several basic and measurable parameters of active tectonics. These parameters include the length of fault and fault segmentation, coseismic slip and cumulative slip, fault slip rate, the sequence of paleoearthquake events and the time elapsed since the most recent event. At the same time, efforts and progress made in China on assessing the long-term seismic potential for active faults and evaluating the risk from potential active fault movement have been reviewed by summarizing research on developing theories, models, methods and the application of time-dependent seismic potential to prohabilistic assessment, magnitude estimation for potential earthquakes on active faults, and the forecast of potential risk caused by active fault movement. Finally, in consideration of the realities and problems in the research of active tectonics in China, the authors put forward several suggestions for issues worthy of more attention for further investigation in the future.     

Farewell,HSJ!—address from the retiring editor

On the eve of my retirement as co-editor of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) and Hydrological Sciences Journal (HSJ), I would like to take the opportunity to address the HSJ audience with some reflections about the journal and the publishing system.     

Swarms in Andaman Sea,India — a seismotectonic analysis

The seismotectonic characteristics of 1983–1984, 1993 and 2005 swarms in Andaman Sea are analysed. These swarms are characterised by their typical pulsating nature, oval shaped geometry and higher b values. The migration path of the swarms from north to south along the Andaman Spreading Ridge is documented. While the first two swarms are located along existing mapped rift segments, the 2005 swarm appears to have generated a new rift basin along 8°N. The analysis and supporting evidences suggest that these swarms were generated by intruding magmatic dyke along the weak zones in the crust, followed by rifting, spreading and collapse of rift walls. CMT solutions for 2005 swarm activity indicate that intrusion of magmatic dyke in the crustal weak zone is documented by earthquakes showing strike slip solution. Subsequent events with normal fault mechanism corroborate the rift formation, collapse and its spreading.     

马不停碲,汗洒西北——纪念中国科学院西北地震考察队30年

马不停碲，汗洒西北─—纪念中国科学院西北地震考察队３０年张杰，张伶（国家地震局兰州地震研究所，兰州７３００００）１前言光阴似箭，３０年弹指一挥间。在那难忘的１９６５年，西北边陲地区三线建设正搞得热火朝天，许多重要工程纷纷上马，国家急需提供有关地域的地...     

Earthquake—Affected Time—Space Domain,Recurrence Interval and Effective Preparation Time of Earthquakes

The study shows that earthquake-affected time-space domain(ETSD),i.e.a time-space range in which strong earthquakes are unable to occur owing to the influence of a prior earthquake occurring,shows a hyperbolic margin curve in the t(time)-r(distance)coordinate plane,which has a maximum affected radius r0 at t=0 and a maximum influence time t0(i.e.the insitu recurrence interval of earthquakes)at r=0.Based on the time-distance distributions of posterior earthquakes relative to pror ones in the regions of North China,Northwest China,Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)plateau and Southwest China,the optimized and 90%-confidence margin curves are estimated using optimization and statistical analysis methods.This indicates that the concept and method of ETSD with 3-dimension(time-distance-magnitudes)instead of those of “recurrence interval “with 1-dimension(time)or 2-dimension(time-magnitude) provides a new approach to understanding the fluctuation of seismic activities,estimating the effective earthquake-preparation time of potential hypocenters,and therefore improving the mediumand long-term prediction of strong earthquakes.     

Intensity Retrieved from Public Monitoring Video——Cases from the May 12,2008,Wenchuan Earthquake

Macroseismic investigation is presented with a new potential means of investigation in the ＂digital age＂. In this paper we studied several cases in the May 12, 2008, Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake with a view to exploring the feasibility of retrieving intensity, or even strong ground motion parameters, from public monitoring video which was originally deployed for security purposes. We used public monitoring video records from 44 sites across the meizoseismal region and its surroundings to estimate the intensity. By using the video from a bank in Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province and making the simple assumption that ground vibration is in the form of a propagating harmonic wave, we estimated that the local ground motion acceleration was 0.14g.     

Intensity Retrieved from Public Monitoring Video——Cases from the May 12,2008,Wenchuan Earthquake

Macroseismic investigation is presented with a new potential means of investigation in the "digital age". In this paper we studied several cases in the May 12, 2008, Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake with a view to exploring the feasibility of retrieving intensity, or even strong ground motion parameters, from public monitoring video which was originally deployed for security purposes. We used public monitoring video records from 44 sites across the meizoseismal region and its surroundings to estimate the intensity. By using the video from a bank in Dujiangyan, Sichnan Province and making the simple assumption that ground vibration is in the form of a propagating harmonic wave, we estimated that the local ground motion acceleration was 0.14g.     

The pore structure of tight limestone—Jurassic Ziliujing Formation,Central Sichuan Basin,China

The pore structure of the tight limestone in the Daanzhai Member of the Ziliujing Formation, Jurassic System, in central Sichuan Basin, China, is complex but essential to the exploration and development of tight oil. The pore structure of the tight limestone is studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption, high-pressure mercury intrusion, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The experimental results suggest that the pores are mainly slit pores and mesopores and macropores contribute to the pore volume and specific surface. The displacement pressure, average pore size, and homogeneity coefficient correlate with porosity and permeability and can be used to evaluate the pore structure. The full pore-size distribution was obtained by combining nitrogen adsorption and high-pressure mercury intrusion. We find that the limestone mainly contains mesopores with diameter of 2?50 nm. The T₂ distribution was converted into pore-size distribution, well matching the full pore-size distribution. The relation between T₂ and pore size obeys a power law and the geometric mean of T₂ correlates with the pore structure and can be used in the pore structure evaluation.     

Comparison of LLR,MLP, Elman,NNARX and ANFIS Models—with a case study in solar radiation estimation

Despite the widespread application of nonlinear mathematical models, comparative studies of different models are still a huge task for modellers. This is because a large number of trial and error processes are needed to develop each model, so the workload will be multiplied into an unmanageable level if many types of models are involved. This study presents an efficient approach by using the Gamma test (GT) to select the input variables and the training data length, so that the trial and error workload can be greatly reduced. The methodology is tested in estimating solar radiation at the Brue catchment, UK. Several nonlinear models have been developed efficiently with the aid of the GT, including local linear regression, multi-layer perceptron (MLP), Elman neural network, neural network auto-regressive model with exogenous inputs (NNARX) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). This work is only feasible within the time and resources constraint, due to the GT in reducing huge workload of the trial and error process.