京西北盆岭构造区现代构造应力场的非均匀特征

京西北盆岭构造区包括延矾、怀涿、蔚广、阳原、灵丘、怀安及张家口多个活动断陷盆地.通过对该区大量活动断层擦痕的测量,利用由断层滑动资料反演构造应力张量的计算方法,获得研究区24个测点的构造应力张量数据;同时利用格点尝试法对研究区两个不同应力分区的中小地震震源机制解进行了分析.依据断层滑动与震源机制解两类资料的分析计算结果,初步给出了研究区现代构造应力场的非均匀特征：延矾盆地区域（B区）断层滑动反演的构造应力张量与震源机制解类型均表现为走滑型,表明该区受控于NEE-SWW向挤压、NNW-SSE向拉张的区域构造应力作用.怀涿、蔚广等盆地所在的山西断陷带北部尾端区域（A区）断层滑动反演的构造应力张量与震源机制解类型以正断型为主,表明怀涿、蔚广等盆地所在的山西断陷带北部尾端区域（A区）受近NNW-SSE向拉张的局部构造作用相对于延矾盆地更为显著.现代构造应力场的非均匀分布反映了京西北盆岭构造的差异特征.     

叠合盆地构造热演化模拟方法研究——以江汉盆地为例

基于地球动力学的构造-热演化方法是沉积盆地热史研究的重要方法之一.本文以江汉盆地宜随大剖面为例,采用平衡剖面方法对叠合盆地复杂、漫长的演化历史进行构造恢复,采用多期有限拉张-挤压应变速率法进行古热流反演,最后得到盆地的古地温场.由此,建立了构造恢复—盆地基底热流反演—岩石圈尺度温度结构—沉积盆地尺度温度结构的多期伸展、挤压模型的热模拟方法流程,实现了岩石圈尺度的热模拟与盆地尺度的热模拟相结合.     

渤海湾盆地新生代以来构造-热演化模拟研究

渤海湾盆地是华北最大的新生代裂谷盆地,具有最完整的新生代地层记录,是研究盆地演化的理想区域.本文基于二维多期拉张模型,对渤海湾盆地内9条地震解释剖面进行新生代构造-热演化模拟,以揭示盆地拉张强度及热演化的时空差异性,为探讨盆地演化的地球动力学机制提供依据.研究结果表明:渤海湾盆地各坳陷新生代期间的总拉张系数为1.28～2.39,渤中坳陷和辽东湾坳陷的总拉张系数最大,而辽河坳陷和临清坳陷的拉张系数最小.盆地基底热流在古近纪中、晚期达到峰值71～100mW·m-2,之后逐渐降低至现今.盆地西部热流峰期出现的时间早于东部.由盆地拉张系数和基底热流的研究结果得出,渤海湾盆地新生代的拉张有着自西向东,自南向北的迁移,与沉积、沉降中心的迁移方向一致.太平洋板片新生代期间的幕式向东后撤可能是造成渤海湾盆地幕式拉张及拉张中心向东迁移的主要动力学机制.     

南海东北部构造及块体运动指向的地震相响应(英文)

南海的构造与演化与资源环境等关系密切是本文研究重点。本文针对南海的东北部构造及其块体构造方向,利用所采集的区域地震剖面,通过解析地震相与构造及其演化的关系,提出以下观点:(1)构造分区特点明晰,可划分为五个不同构造单元,构造单元之间既有联系又相互独立;(2)南海沉积盆地无论表现为拉张-弱挤压-强挤压的何种构造格局,其区域构造应力场是统一的;(3)首次发现反射地震剖面上显示出两个浅俯冲点。每个块体构造层呈手风琴风箱式折曲并向东聚敛,体现沉积盆地从发育、成长、结束、消亡不同阶段在南海的表现,其块体俯冲方向以及块体包络区域性倾伏方向均与区域应力场方向一致。     

南海南部边缘沉积盆地构造-热演化历史

南海南部边缘发育众多含油气盆地,具有可观的油气资源潜力.本文采用基于多期有限拉张模型的应变速率方法对南海南部边缘沉积盆地进行了构造-热演化模拟,并与南海北部边缘沉积盆地的构造-热演化历史进行了对比分析.南海南部边缘晚新生代具有明显碰撞挤压、走滑改造的痕迹,而同时期北部边缘以小规模的张性断裂活动为主,由于构造活动背景的不同,造成了南、北边缘沉积盆地构造-热演化历史的差异.     

南海扩张的地震反射标志——南海东北部多道地震剖面结果

南海的扩张、成因演化研究的成果主要基于深部速度研究及磁条带研究的基础上,但南海东北部边界的研究相对薄弱.本次通过对南海东北部边界的反射地震剖面973的综合研究,结合前人的天然地震震源研究及地质研究成果,得到南海形成与扩张是单方向向菲律宾吕宋岛弧—台湾岛地块漂移的结果.南海各块体处于一个统一的区域应力场作用之下,菲律宾吕宋岛弧—台湾岛地块限制了南海的扩张与发展;在此应力条件下,不同部位受力状态不同,就南海东北部973剖面地震波场特征,可划分为五个构造单元：AB段南海东北部大陆架张性盆地区;BC段大陆坡为伸展区,形成大量张性盆地;CD段中部深海沉积盆地为弱挤压区,深海沉积盆地弱变形,大陆坡张性盆地浅俯冲其下,深海沉积盆地西部翘起,向东倾斜;DE段东部为强挤压区,沉积盆地挤压变形,越向东挤压越强烈,深海沉积盆地浅俯冲其下,相对弱变形并西部翘起;E以东,菲律宾吕宋岛弧—台湾岛构造带为稳定地块.南海东北部在东或南东方向统一的区域应力场作用下,处于张性、弱挤压、强挤压不同压力状态,形成南海特有的由北西向东呈现拉张-弱挤压-强挤压构造格局,反射地震剖面上显示两个浅俯冲点.每个块体构造层呈手风琴风箱式折曲并向东聚敛,近菲律宾吕宋岛弧—台湾岛构造带其折曲更为严重,沉积盆地由西向东,展现为不同阶段的沉积盆地,发育、成长、结束、消亡,块体俯冲方向以及各块体的区域性倾伏方向均与区域应力场方向一致.     

昆明盆地及周边地区第四纪构造应力场分析

昆明盆地是一个受南北向活动断裂控制的新生代断陷盆地,在昆明盆地及其周边地区地质构造复杂,活动断裂十分发育,且活动性较强.野外地震地质调查和断裂滑动观测表明:区内南北向断裂主要表现为左旋走滑和逆断两种运动方式,北东、北西向断裂以走滑运动为主,左右旋兼而有之.通过对研究区内32个测点的断层擦痕测量,共获得了1527条断层滑动数据,利用由断层滑动资料反演构造应力张量的方法,计算获得了研究区第四纪以来两期主要构造应力作用:第一期为早、中更新世,构造应力作用以近东西向挤压和近南北向拉张为特征;第二期自晚更新世至今,构造应力作用以北北西-南南东向挤压和北东东.南西西向拉张为特征.     

辽河盆地新生代多期构造热演化模拟

针对辽河盆地新生代拉张多期性的特点,提出一种适用于多期拉张盆地构造热演化模拟的纯剪切模型．该模型考虑了多期拉张的继承性、横向不均匀性以及拉张速率的可变性。通过几种拉张速率模式的对比,指出拉张速率模式的选择对模拟年轻盆地热演化过程具有重要意义．最后,利用该模型模拟研究了辽河盆地新生代的构造热演化历史．     

华北东部中生代构造体制转折的关键时限

华北东部中生代构造体制发生了以挤压为主到以伸展为主的转变, 形成北北东向的盆岭格局, 岩石圈快速减薄, 岩浆作用活跃, 引发了爆发式成矿. 确定中生代构造体制转折的时限是理解构造转折机制的核心问题之一. 报道了多方面研究的最新成果. 重点对包括华北陆块南北缘、燕山、胶东等典型地区的构造分析确定了由挤压构造到伸展构造的峰期; 东部沉积盆地热史恢复结果判明华北东部中、新生代岩石圈厚度的变化和热体制的变更转换的时代; 盆地分析揭示了中生代-新生代时期华北东部盆地由挤压挠曲型到伸展断陷型的转变期; 通过火山岩喷发、与伸展构造有关的花岗岩类的形成, 克拉通内部和边缘的金矿爆发成矿期, 以及通过火山岩中的下地壳包体研究等限定了岩石圈减薄和壳幔置换的峰期. 以上研究结论一致, 即华北东部构造体制转折的峰期时限起于约150~140 Ma, 结束于约110~100 Ma, 峰值是120 Ma.     

裂谷盆地构造-热演化模拟中几个问题的讨论

裂谷盆地的构造-热演化模拟是在岩石圈尺度计算裂谷盆地形成演化过程中的热历史和沉降史.拉张模型实现了构造和热的完美结合,在描述裂谷盆地沉降和热流演化方面取得了很大的成功.本文使用二维运动学模型,通过有限元方法,在拉格朗日坐标系下进行拉张背景下的构造热演化模拟,探讨了拉张模型中初始地壳、岩石圈厚度、软流圈对流、模型上边界对构造热演化的影响,以及载水和载沉积物两种情况下盆地侧翼抬升的差异.     

华北东部晚中生代伸展构造作用

本文在对华北东部晚中生代变质核杂岩、原型裂陷盆地群分布特征研究的基础上，结合区域地壳和上地幔的地球物理场特征，分析了变质核杂岩构造、裂陷盆地群的主要控制因素和岩石圈巨大减薄作用的形成机理，阐明了华北东部晚中生代的构造演化受太平洋板块俯冲效应、扬子板块碰撞挤压和软流圈大规模上涌联合作用的控制，而地表、中－上地壳分界和Moho界面是深部地质过程和浅部地质构造之间耦合的关键界面.     

Typical basin-fill sequences and basin migration in Yanshan, North China--Response to Mesozoic tectonic transition

Basin-fill sequences of Mesozoic typical basins in the Yanshan area, North China may be divided into four phases, reflecting lithosphere tectonic evolution from flexure (T3), flexure with weak rifting (J1+2), tectonic transition (J3), and rifting (K). Except the first phase, the other three phases all start with lava and volcaniclastic rocks, and end with thick coarse clastic rocks and/or conglomerates, showing cyclic basin development rather than simple cyclic rift mechanism and disciplinary basin-stress change from extension to compression in each phase. Prototype basin analysis, based on basin-fill sequences, paleocurrent distribution and depositional systems, shows that single basin-strike and structural-line direction controlling basin development had evidently changed from east-west to northeast in Late Jurassic in the Yanshan area, although basin group still occurred in east-west zonal distribution. Till Early Cretaceous, main structural-line strike controlling basins just turned to northeast by north in the studied area.     

Typical basin-fill sequences and basin migration in Yanshan, North China ——Response to Mesozoic tectonic transition

Basin-fill sequences of Mesozoic typical basins in the Yanshan area, North China may be divided into four phases, reflecting lithosphere tectonic evolution from flexure (T3), flexure with weak rifting (J1+2), tectonic transition (J3), and rifting (K). Except the first phase, the other three phases all start with lava and volcaniclastic rocks, and end with thick coarse clastic rocks and/or conglomerates, showing cyclic basin development rather than simple cyclic rift mechanism and disciplinary basin-stress change from extension to compression in each phase. Prototype basin analysis, based on basin-fill sequences, paleocurrent distribution and depositional systems, shows that single basin-strike and structural-line direction controlling basin development had evidently changed from east-west to northeast in Late Jurassic in the Yanshan area, although basin group still occurred in east-west zonal distribution. Till Early Cretaceous, main structural-line strike controlling basins just turned to northeast by     

Typical basin-fill sequences and basin migration in Yanshan,North China

Basin-fill sequences of Mesozoic typical basins in the Yanshan area, North China may be divided into four phases, reflecting lithosphere tectonic evolution from flexure (T₃), flexure with weak rifting (J₁₊₂), tectonic transition (J₃), and rifting (K). Except the first phase, the other three phases all start with lava and volcaniclastic rocks, and end with thick coarse clastic rocks and/or conglomerates, showing cyclic basin development rather than simple cyclic rift mechanism and disciplinary basin-stress change from extension to compression in each phase. Prototype basin analysis, based on basin-fill sequences, paleocurrent distribution and depositional systems, shows that single basin-strike and structural-line direction controlling basin development had evidently changed from east-west to northeast in Late Jurassic in the Yanshan area, although basin group still occurred in east-west zonal distribution. Till Early Cretaceous, main structural-line strike controlling basins just turned to northeast by north in the studied area.     

Plate tectonic setting and genetic types of gas (oil)-bearing basins in China

The plate tectonic setting and genetic types of the gas (oil)-bearing basins in China are studied. Based on the history of break-up and amalgamation of Pangea, the three tectonic evolutionary megastages can be divided and the sedimentary basins in China are classified as Palaeowic and Meso-Cenozoic basins. The Palaeozoic gas (oil) bearing basins are mainly located in intracratonic basins, on which different types of Meso-Cenozoic basins are superimposed, and located in cratonic marginal basins and aulacogens destroyed with a slight degree. In contrast, the Mesozoic and Cenozoic gas (oil)-bearing basins mainly formed in extensional foreland and intracontinental shortening flexural basins.     

二连盆地“三明治”电性结构特征及其对古生界的研究意义

由于长期以来东北地区晚古生代的构造属性一直被认为是海西期褶皱带或碰撞造山带,而一直被作为中、新生代盆地的变质结晶基底成为油气勘查的禁区,限制了古生界的油气勘探和开发."佳木斯—兴蒙地块"新认识及二连盆地赛51井取得的石炭纪碳酸盐岩油藏的发现,开辟了二连盆地古生界油气勘探的新领域.本文对二连盆地3条典型的CEMP电测量资料进行了二维电阻率反演,结合研究区地震反射资料、钻孔电测井资料、钻井岩芯资料、岩石露头资料,揭示了二连盆地具有"三明治"的电性结构特征,同时指出二连盆地古生界广泛分布,在古生界与中生界之间广泛分布一套以玄武岩、安山岩、凝灰岩等为主的火山岩.这种"三明治"电性结构特征不但给古生界的研究提供了线索和依据,而且火山岩(高阻层)与其下伏古生界地层(低阻层)之间可形成良好的储盖组合(或生储盖组合),其对于古生界油气勘探的研究具有重要的意义.同时,认为二连盆地中、新生界和古生界的构造沉积演化主要经历了4个重要阶段,即:泥盆纪的南北差异性升降阶段、石炭-二叠纪的地层稳定沉积阶段、三叠纪-晚侏罗世的古生代盆地被改造和中新生代盆地构造格架形成的重要演化阶段以及中新生代的地层沉积阶段.     

Structural characteristics of the Tan-Lu fault zone in Cenozoic basins offshore the Bohai Sea

The Tan-Lu fault zone across the eastern margin of the Cenozoic basins offshore the Bohai Sea is a NNE-trending right-lateral strike-slip fault system developed in the Cenozoic basin cover. It cuts through NE-to NNE-striking major extensional faults that controlled the formation of Paleogene basins. Recent petroleum exploration indicates that Cenozoic structural activities of the Tan-Lu fault system have directly or indirectly affected oil and gas distribution offshore the Bohai Sea. As part of a deep fault zone the Tan-Lu fault zone has been activated since the Oligocene,and obviously affected the tectonic evolution of offshore Bohai basins since then. The formation of Paleogene rift basins offshore the Bohai Sea has utilized the pre-existing structural elements of the Tan-Lu fault zone that developed in the late Mesozoic.     

Geological and geochemical character and genesis of the Jinlongshan-Qiuling gold deposits in Qinling orogen: Metallogenic mechanism of the Qinling-pattern Carlin-type gold deposits

The Qinling Carlin-type gold deposit belt is the second largest Carlin-type gold ore concentrated area in the world and occurs in Mesozoic intracontinental collisional orogen, contrasting to the Carlin-type gold deposits in the Basin and Range province in Cenozoic active continental margin of West America. With ore-forming ages focussed at the range of 197.45–129.45 Ma, its metallogenic geodynamic background was the decompression-pyrogenation regime at the transition stage from collisional compression to extension, indicating that gold mineralization synchronized with the Mesozoic continental collision. Geochemical studies discover that ore fluids and materials mainly came from the Hercynian-Indosinian tectonic layer. Mesozoic intracontinental subduction of Hercynian-Indosinian association along the Shuanghe-Gongguan fault led to the formation of Jinlongshan-Qiuling gold deposits. Accordingly, the tectonic metallogenic model is established for Qinling-pattern Carlin-type gold deposits.     

Time range of Mesozoic tectonic regime inversion in eastern North China Block

An important tectonic inversion took place in eastern North China Block(NCB) during Mesozoic, which caused a great lithosphere thinning, reconstruction of basin-range series, powerful interaction between mantle and crust, a vast granitic intrusion and volcanism, and large-scale metallogenic explosion. The time range of the Mesozoic tectonic regime inversion in the eastern North China Block is one of the key issues to understand mechanism of tectonic regime inversion. Our updated results for recognizing the time range are mainly obtained from the following aspects: structural analyses along northern and southern margins of the NCB and within the NCB for revealing tectonic inversion from compression to extension and structural striking from -EW to NNE; geothermic analyses of the eastern sedimental basins for a great change of thermal history and regime; basin analysis for basin inversion from compression to extension and basin migration from -EW to NNE; petrological and geochemical studies of volcanic roc     

大兴安岭西盆地群域构造与地球物理场综述

中国东北地区大兴安岭西侧盆地群包括漠河盆地、根河盆地、拉布达林盆地、海拉尔盆地和二连盆地等,蕴藏着丰富的中、新生代油气资源.为研究该盆地群域古生代、中新生代构造演化,综合建立盆地群域地球动力学模型,补充东北亚构造演化理论,本文综述该盆地群域受控的区域构造与深部构造背景、盆地群构造特征与性质、主要控盆断裂特征、盆地群油气条件比较以及盆地群域已完成并取得重要结果的地球物理工作.归纳已有主要认识和研究结果:(1)对大兴安岭西侧的盆地群起构造控制作用的构造带包括蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋缝合带、西拉木伦河缝合带、黑河—贺根山缝合带、塔原—喜桂图缝合带、西太平洋板块俯冲带,以及额尔古纳—呼伦断裂和得尔布干断裂.(2)二连盆地、海拉尔盆地和漠河盆地的盆地构造轴向与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋缝合带走向相关;而且三个盆地内的一级构造单元走向(隆起、坳陷和推覆带)也具有这类特点.(3)几个地学断面的综合地球物理研究表明,大兴安岭西侧盆地群岩石圈地幔厚度自北向南变厚,南部盆地基底与华北地台基底表现类似;盆地群基底电性结构因受到软流圈热物质作用可能在继续演化.(4)在盆地沉积地层方面,漠河盆地的下部是侏罗系陆相煤系地层,上部是白垩系火山岩地层;海拉尔盆地由下侏罗统的铜钵庙组、南屯组,上侏罗统的大磨拐河组和下白垩统的伊敏组共同组成扎赉诺尔群,厚约3000m;二连盆地中生代地层中,中下侏罗统主要为含煤建造,上侏罗统为火山岩建造,下白垩统主要为含油建造和含煤建造,上白垩统为砂砾岩建造.(5)盆地群整体勘探程度较低.基于上述研究结果,需要进一步研究的科学问题包括:由本研究区的地球物理、构造地质、石油地质等多学科的综合研究,解决研究区受控的区域构造应力场所包括的因素及其作用,以及在岩石圈尺度上三维空间的地球物理场表征;深部构造对盆地群域构造的作用;从晚古生代到中新生代研究区构造演化特点及其依据;从北至南约1650km长的盆地群域构造差异与依据;盆地群(域)油气条件与毗邻的松辽盆地在构造成因上的差异.