Crustal seismic anisotropy in southeastern Capital area, China

Shear-wave splitting parameters of 24 stations in southeastern Capital area of North China (38.5°N~39.85°N, 115.5°E ~118.5°E) are obtained with systematic analysis method of shear-wave splitting (SAM) based on the data recorded by Capital Area Seismograph Network (CASN) from 2002 to 2005. The results show that the average polarization of fast shear-wave in southeastern Capital area is consistent with regional maximum horizontal prin- cipal compressive stress in the area, and is also consistent with maximum horizontal principal compressive strain from GPS in North China. The average shear-wave splitting in southeastern Capital area (in basin) is different from that in northwestern Capital area where uplifts and basin exist, which means that tectonics can be related to shear-wave splitting results. Research also shows that the distribution of faults around stations can obviously affect the shear-wave splitting results, and complicated distribution of faults can result in much more scatter of shear-wave splitting. Moreover, in the north and south of the studied area (southeastern Capital area), the polariza- tions of fast shear-wave are not very consistent, which may be related to differences in tectonic and stress for the two areas.     

Shear-wave splitting in the southeast of Cathaysia block, South China

This study is focused on Fujing Province in China, southeast of Cathaysia block (SECB). The present work benefits from the data provided by the Fujian Seismic Network (FJSN) to study the seismic anisotropy in the crust. By means of a systematic analysis and adequate software package, we examine shear-wave splitting from data recorded at ten FJSN stations during the period January 1999 to December 2003. The results demonstrate that the average fast wave polarization is N109.4° E ± 42.6°, corresponding to the horizontal principal compressive stress in the test zone, and the average normalized slow wave time delay is 2.5 ± 1.5 ms/km. The predominant polarizations at stations in the eastern part of SECB are in the N–W direction, which suggests that they are related to the regional horizontal principal compressive stress and also to the strikes of faults. In contrast, the predominant polarizations at two stations in the western part of SECB are in the N–E direction. This polarization direction does not coincide with the direction of the horizontal principal compressive stress, but it follows the strikes of near faults, thus suggesting the influence of the local tectonics and a change in the stress field. The results prove that the predominant polarizations are parallel to the strikes of faults whenever the stations are on active faults. At a few stations near the coastal line, some polarizations show a certain amount of scatter which may be caused by crossing faults and irregular topography. Finally, the spatial distribution of time delays depicts strong lateral variations near the coast just where the seismic activity is comparatively bigger, so that the magnitude of anisotropy seems to be consistent with the most seismically active area.     

太行山山前断裂西南段地壳介质各向异性特征浅析

根据太行山山前断裂西南端, 包括石家庄及其周边地区的位于太行隆起与华北盆地两大地质构造单元交汇处的构造环境复杂情况。 该文应用SAM分析方法与首都圈近4年(2002年1月至2005年8月)的观测数据, 分析该区地壳介质各向异性特征。 研究结果表明, 太行山山前断裂西南端快剪切波平均偏振方向与华北区域最大主压应力场方向一致, 是区域应力环境的较好描述。 该区慢剪切波平均时间延迟比较首都圈西北部和东南部均较小。 区内台站的快剪切偏振方向既受到区域构造背景应力环境的作用, 又受到局部的NNE向构造带的制约, 是两者共同作用的结果。 井径(JNX)台站的剪切波分裂参数与紧邻台站有明显不同, 其原因有待更多数据加以补充并做细致讨论。     

青藏高原东北缘中上地壳介质各向异性及其构造意义

青藏高原东北缘(94°E—105°E,32°N-40°N)是高原北东向扩张的前沿地带,亦是研究高原生长过程的重要区域.本文利用青海省数字地震台网(2008-2014年)共7年的地震目录和波形数据,首先使用双差定位获取精定位震源位置,在此基础上,挑选位于S波窗口内(射线入射角≤45°)的地震事件,依据S波分裂分析方法(SAM),获取研究区域内共26个台站的S波分裂参数.研究结果表明:地处多个块体交汇部位的西宁及其周缘,地壳各向异性呈现两个优势偏振方向,表明该区中上地壳应力环境由区域主压应力场和活动断层共同约束;玉树地震序列的地壳各向异性优势偏振方向与区域主压应力场一致.     

首都圈地区远震基底PS波分裂研究

远震PS波的一个重要优势是其携带台站下方介质的各向异性信息.本文基于首都圈数字地震台网2002-2003年记录的高精度远震波形资料,从基底PS转换波入手,采用三分量PS波分裂偏振分析方法,获取各个台站下方来自基底的PS波分裂参数,包括快波偏振方向和快、慢波的时间延迟等,分析台站下方浅部地壳介质的各向异性特征.几个台站的研究结果显示,该方法保持了原始波场的信息,可以用来分析PS波分裂特征;短周期台站记录的远震来自基底的PS波具有干扰少、信噪比高的特点,存在分裂现象,各台站快慢波时差超出我们的预期值,平均在0.1~0.2 s左右.此研究可与横波分裂相对比,对于认识地壳各向异性及其内部的应力状态,分析其构造及地震活动现象有较大的意义.     

华夏地块东南部地壳地震各向异性特征初步研究

本研究采用SAM剪切波分裂分析方法，使用福建区域数字地震台网记录到的（1999年01月～2003年12月）的波形资料，挑选符合剪切波窗口条件的记录，得到华夏地块东南部地区23°N～29°N，116°E～120°E）10个台站的剪切波分裂参数. 研究结果表明，该区域快剪切波平均偏振方向为NW109.4°±42.6°，慢剪切波平均时间延迟为2.5±1.5(ms/km)，快剪切波平均偏振方向对应该区的水平主压应力方向. 闽东台站NW方向的快剪切波偏振优势方向揭示了NW向的水平主压应力和NW走向断裂的构造意义. 两个闽西台站NE方向的快剪切波偏振优势方向与区域水平主压应力方向不一致，与NE走向的断裂一致，体现了局部构造和局部应力场的复杂性. 本研究证实，位于活动断裂上的台站的快剪切波偏振方向的优势方向与断裂走向一致，位于海边或岛上的台站的快剪切波偏振方向较为离散，主要是受到不规则表面地形和断裂交汇的影响. 慢剪切波延迟时间的空间分布特征，显示沿海地区慢剪切波延迟时间变化较大，而内陆地区则较为平缓.     

Preliminary analysis of crustal shear-wave splitting in the Sanjiang lateral collision zone of the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications

The collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates, to the east of the eastern Himalayan syntaxes, forms the Sanjiang lateral collision zone in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where there are intense crustal deformation, active faults, earthquakes, as well as a metallogenic belt. Given the lack of adequate seismic data, shear-wave splitting in this area has not been studied. With seismic data from a temporary seismic linear array, as well as permanent seismic stations, this paper adopts the identification on microseismic event to pick more events and obtains shear-wave splitting parameters from local earthquakes. From the west to the east, the study area can be divided into three subzones. The “fast” polarization (i.e. the polarization of the fast shear wave) varies gradually from NNW to NS to NNE in these three subzones. The time delay of the slow shear wave (i.e. the time difference between the two split shear waves) also increases in the same direction, indicating the presence of seismic anisotropy above 25 km in the crust. Both shear-wave splitting parameters are closely related to stress, faults and tectonics. The scatter and the “dual” (i.e. two) dominant orientations of the fast polarizations at several stations indicate strong distortions caused by nearby faults or deep tectonics. The anisotropic parameters are found to be related to some degree to the metallogenic belt. It is worth to further analyse the link between the anisotropic pattern and the metallogenic area, which suggests that shear-wave splitting could be applied to study metallogeny. This paper demonstrates that the identification on microseismic event is a useful tool in detecting shear-wave splitting details and exploring its tectonic implications.     

天山构造带及邻区地壳各向异性

天山构造带位于中国大陆西北部,是典型的岩石圈陆内缩短造山带.本文利用新疆区域数字地震台网2009年1月至2014年12月的近场小地震波形资料,采用剪切波分裂分析对天山构造带及邻区的地壳各向异性特征进行研究,获得了研究区域内39个台站的快剪切波偏振方向和慢剪切波时间延迟.剪切波分裂参数的空间特征显示,研究区上地壳各向异性具有分区性,各向异性特征与局部构造、地壳介质变形和应力分布有关.天山构造带的快剪切波偏振呈现出两个优势方向的特点,第一优势方向大致平行于台站附近断裂和天山构造带的走向,与断裂构造和应力的综合影响有关,另一个优势方向反映了主压应力的直接作用.北天山山前断裂带东段的断裂弯折部位和南天山局部地区的剪切波分裂参数与东、西两侧不同,与准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地的南北向挤压作用密切相关.快剪切波偏振优势方向的剧烈变化揭示,在准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地双向挤压隆起的过程中,天山构造带产生了强烈的局部不均匀变形.塔里木盆地西侧快剪切波偏振具有两个优势方向,一个为NNE方向,与帕米尔高原受到印度一欧亚板块碰撞产生的北向挤压作用有关,另一个为NW方向,指出了塔里木盆地区域主压应力方向.准噶尔盆地北部也存在NE和NW两个快波偏振优势方向,主要与断裂的影响有关.天山构造带区域内的慢剪切波时间延迟总体上低于塔里木盆地西侧和准噶尔盆地北部,同时慢剪切波时间延迟的结果也进一步证实了天山构造带的局部强烈变形.     

海南东北部地区地壳地震各向异性特征初步研究

基于海南省地震台网2000～2013年的区域地震波形数据,用剪切波分裂系统分析方法（SAM）获得了海南琼东北部地区“九五”数字台网中2个台站的剪切波分裂参数。结果表明,快剪切波偏振优势方向代表了原地最大主压应力方向。七星岭台NE方向的快剪切波偏振优势方向与区域水平主压应力场方向不一致,与NE走向的断裂一致,体现了局部构造和局部应力场的复杂性;青山岭NNE向的快剪切波偏振优势方向揭示了NNE走向断裂的构造意义。同时,本研究证实,位于活动断裂上或几条活动断裂交汇部位的台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向,与对所选用的小地震起控制作用的活动断裂走向一致,并且快剪切波偏振优势方向较为离散,反映了该区域复杂的断裂构造和应力分布特征。     

首都圈西北部地区地壳介质地震各向异性特征初步研究

本研究使用首都圈数字地震台网2002年01月～2003年12月的波形记录资料，采用SAM方法，进行了剪切波分裂的分析，得到首都圈西北部地区地壳介质地震各向异性的初步结果.根据对有3条以上可靠记录的14个台站的统计分析，得到首都圈西北部地区的剪切波分裂的统计平均结果为: 快剪切波平均偏振方向为NE699°±445°，慢剪切波平均时间延迟为444±293（ms/km）.研究认为，NE699°±445°的快剪切波平均偏振方向暗示了该区域的水平主压应力方向，快剪切波偏振方向的第一优势取向揭示了NWW近E W方向的原地水平主压应力的构造意义，凸现了NWW向的张家口—蓬莱断陷带.通过快剪切波偏振方向，本研究进一步证实，位于活动断裂上的台站的快剪切波偏振方向的优势取向与断裂走向一致，认为南口—孙河断裂和夏垫断裂是两个活动断裂，而八宝山断裂可能是个并不太活跃的活动断裂.华北盆地里的快剪切波偏振方向显示出复杂的分布特征，对应了盆地凹陷区里许多断裂互相交汇造成区域主压应力场受到局部调整的复杂图像.研究还认为慢剪切波时间延迟急剧的梯度变化可能与地壳深部的温度变化有关联.     

鄂尔多斯块体北缘与西缘地区地壳各向异性特征

本研究使用内蒙古自治区数字测震台网2010年1月至2017年10月区域小地震的波形记录资料,采用SAM方法,进行了地壳剪切波分裂的分析,得到鄂尔多斯块体北缘与西缘地区地壳介质地震各向异性的初步研究结果.根据15个台站161个有效地震记录的分析,鄂尔多斯块体北缘与西缘地区的快剪切波平均偏振方向为NE44.4°±38.4°,慢剪切波平均时间延迟为1.7±1.6ms·km~(-1).研究区域的快剪切波偏振显示出两个优势方向,一个是NE方向,另一个是近NS方向.区内的逆冲凸起与走滑正倾断层构造对剪切波分裂产生了直接的影响,造成了剪切波分裂参数的复杂分布,反映了剪切波分裂参数受到区域应力和构造共同作用的影响.鄂尔多斯块体北缘的快波偏振特征有NE和近NS两个优势偏振方向,其东区与西区的快剪切波偏振表现出明显不同的特征.东区的第一快剪切波优势偏振方向为NE,第二快剪切波优势偏振方向为近NS;西区的第一快剪切波优势偏振方向为近EW,第二快剪切波优势偏振方向为近NS.鄂尔多斯块体北缘的区域背景主压应力方向可能总体上为近NS方向,但空间分布有差异,东区NE方向的优势偏振与西区近EW方向的优势偏振更可能反映了断裂与构造的影响.鄂尔多斯块体西缘的快剪切波偏振特征显示出非常清楚的NE向的优势偏振方向,近NS向的优势偏振方向则不太明显,反映出该地区复杂构造对各向异性分布的影响.慢波时间延迟呈现出西低东高的特点,时间延迟的高值出现在鄂尔多斯块体北缘的东部,时间延迟的这种西低东高的各向异性强度变化,可能反映了区域构造活动西强东弱的特性.     

Crustal seismic anisotropy in Yunnan, Southwestern China

Using seismic data recorded by Yunnan Telemetry Seismic Network from January 1, 2000, to May 31, 2005, the polarization directions of fast shear waves are obtained at 15 seismic stations by SAM technique, which is a systematic analysis method on shear-wave splitting. The results show that predominant directions of polarizations of fast shear waves at most stations are mainly nearly in the N–S or NNW directions in Yunnan. The predominant polarization directions of fast shear waves at stations located on the active faults are consistent with the strike of active faults, directions of regional principal compressive strains from GPS measurement, and directions of regional principal compressive stress. A few of the stations show that polarization patterns of fast shear waves are more complicated or inconsistent with the strike of active faults and the directions of principal GPS compressive strains; these stations are always located at the junction of several faults. We conclude that the predominant polarization direction of fast shear waves indicates that the direction of the in situ maximum principal compressive stress is controlled by multiple tectonic aspects, such as the regional stress field and faults.     

松潘-甘孜地块东部、川滇地块北部与四川盆地西部的地壳剪切波分裂

松潘-甘孜地块东部、川滇地块及四川盆地西部属青藏高原东部,是中国大陆内部强烈地震发生的主要地区之一.本研究利用四川区域数字地震台网2000年1月至2010年4月的地震波形资料,使用剪切波分裂系统分析方法(SAM),获得了研究区内44个台站的快剪切波偏振方向和慢剪切波的时间延迟.剪切波分裂参数的空间分布特征显示,由于受到区域主压应力场以及局部地质结构的影响,快剪切波的偏振方向表现出复杂的特征.龙门山断裂带北东段和西南段的快剪切波偏振方向分别显示北东和北西的优势方向,川滇菱形地块西北部和东南部的快剪切波偏振方向分别显示近东西和北北西的优势方向.青川断裂北侧和南侧地震的快剪切波偏振方向分别为近南北向和近东西向,北侧地震的慢剪切波的时间延迟大于该断裂南侧地震的慢剪切波时间延迟.研究表明,复杂的地质结构以及活动断裂的几何形态会造成剪切波分裂参数的区域化的分布特征.     

山东及邻区地壳介质剪切波分裂研究

采用山东地震台网记录到的近场源地震波形数据,基于剪切波分裂研究,获得山东地区多个台站的剪切波分裂参数。研究结果表明,快剪切波偏振优势方向反映了该地区构造应力空间分布特征,CHD台和LIS台显示出两个优势偏振方向,揭示山东地区地壳介质各向异性受到区域背景应力及局部断裂构造的双重制约。     

用剪切波分裂研究台湾北部地壳各向异性

研究主要使用台湾北部13个地震台站记录到的1991年7月～2002年12月的波形数据,采用剪切波分裂SAM分析方法,对台湾北部地区的剪切波分裂特征进行了研究.发现位于宜兰盆地内的台站的快剪切波优势偏振方向为近E-W方向,而位于山脉(西部麓山带、雪山山脉和中央山脉)的台站的快剪切波优势偏振方向为NNE向或NE方向.位于海...     

Seismic anisotropy of the crust in Yunnan, China： Polarizations of fast shear-waves

Introduction Anisotropy of the crust is a common phenomenon(Crampin,1984).Shear-wave splitting can be used to study the earthquake anisotropic characteristic in crust,to analyze crustal stress field condition,and to describe the static and the dynamic state of the related anisotropic parameters(GAO et al,1999).Shear-wave splitting is quite sensitive to anisotropy.The domestic scholars applied shear-wave splitting to studying the crustal anisotropy(YAO et al,1992;GAO and FENG,1990).The st…     

云南地区地壳介质各向异性-快剪切波偏振特性

通过对云南遥测地震台网2000年1月1日——2003年12月31日4年资料的分析， 使用剪切波分裂SAM综合分析方法，获得了云南地区10个数字地震台站的快剪切波偏振结果. 结果表明， 云南地区大部分台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向主要为近N——S或NNW方向； 位于活动断裂上的台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向与活动断裂的走向一致；与GPS主压应变方向一致，与区域主压应力方向基本一致；少数台站的快剪切波偏振较为复杂，或与活动断裂的走向及GPS主压应变方向不一致. 这样的台站总是位于几个断裂的交会处，反映了复杂的断裂背景和复杂的应力分布特征. 快剪切波偏振优势方向代表了原地最大主压应力方向，受到区域应力场和断裂分布等多种因素的控制.      

基于地壳介质各向异性分析青藏高原东北缘构造应力特征

青藏高原东北缘由于受到多个构造块体的共同约束,表现出复杂的地球物理特性和地质特性,本文利用甘肃数字地震台网(2001-2008年)的观测资料,采用系统分析方法(SAM),进行地壳剪切波分裂分析,获得研究区内18个台站共1005条记录的剪切波分裂参数.研究结果表明,青藏高原东北缘介质各向异性在空间上存在差异,慢剪切波延迟时间表明了地壳介质各向异性的强弱变化特征,快剪切波平均偏振方向则反映了本区区域构造应力的空间变化特征.分析认为,祁连山-河西走廊活动构造区直接受青藏地块与阿拉善地块间相互作用,与青藏地块构造应力一致;甘东南活动构造区的应力环境主要受到内部活动断裂的共同作用,具有局部构造应力的特征.     

甘东南地区地壳介质各向异性特征

利用甘肃数字地震台网(2001 -2008年)的观测资料,采用SAM分析方法进行剪切波分裂,获得了甘东南地区7个台站319条剪切波分裂参数.结果表明甘东南地区快剪切波平均偏振方向与该区域最大主压应力方向一致,是区域应力环境的较好描述;位于活动断裂上或几条活动断裂交汇部位的台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向大多数与对控震的活动断裂走向一致;复杂的局部构造会影响剪切波分裂结果,造成偏振优势方向与主要活动断裂走向不一致,或与区域主压应力相差较大的现象.     

The CQU Regional Seismic Network and applications to underground mining in Central Queensland,Australia

Digital seismograms continuously recorded from 1988 to 1992 by two stations of the RESNOM seismic network in northern Baja California, Mexico, were used to search for probable shear-wave anisotropic characteristics in the region of the Cerro Prieto fault. Shear-wave splitting was identified in many of the three-component records analyzed. We measured the polarization direction of the leadingS wave inside theS-wave window as well as the delay times between fast and slow phases on those records displaying shear-wave splitting. For station CPX, which is nearest the Imperial Valley region to the north, the preferred polarization direction found in this study (azimuth 180°±10°) coincides with the direction of the regional maximum compressive stress determined for the region. This polarization direction can be interpreted in terms of the “Extensive Dilatancy Anisotropy” model as the effect of vertical parallel aligned cracks. The preferred polarization direction measured at LMX, however, gives an azimuth of 45°±5°. Thus, it appears that faults and fractures aligned oblique to the main tectonic trend have a greater influence on the anisotropic characteristics of the crust south of Cerro Prieto volcano than that of the regional stress field. Time delays between slow and fastS waves observed at CPX appear constant from 1988 to 1992 while delays measured at LMX for the same interval indicate a small increase with time which cannot be attributed to azimuthal variations of paths.