共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 499 毫秒
1.
基于地震动参数的建筑物震害预测 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
针对目前我国流行的基于地震烈度的震害预测方法中的不足,本文借助美国广泛使用的地震损失评估软件HAZUS99技术手册中房屋易损性评估方法的表达形式,结合我国的震害经验,提出了一套基于地震动参数的群体建筑物震害预测方法。依据易损性矩阵,采用遗传算法与单纯形法相结合的混合算法反演典型结构的抗力曲线和易损性曲线的参数。给定表示地震作用的需求谱,就可以方便地完成典型结构的震害预测。以两个地区的多层砌体房屋为例,说明了本文提出方法的具体步骤,诊证了可靠性。 相似文献
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基于建筑物易损性分类的群体震害预测方法研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文以多层钢筋混凝土结构为例,根据收集到的震害预测单体样本对多层钢筋混凝土结构按年代、层数、用途进行归类分析,给出了不同分类下的多层钢筋混凝土结构的易损性矩阵。由房屋抗震性能普查资料统计出的不同分类建筑物的面积比例,与不同分类建筑物易损性矩阵进行加权平均,建立具体预测区的建筑物易损性矩阵。最后以西安市阎良区为例,利用本文方法给出了阎良区多层钢筋混凝土结构的易损性矩阵。并与传统的震害预测方法对比,证明该方法的可行性,以及较高的可靠性。该方法思路简洁,操作方便快捷,是震后快速评估的有效方法。 相似文献
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基于GDP宏观易损性分析方法,是从全球尺度地震灾害损失过程中发展起来的,本文在真实震例的基础上,运用宏观易损性分析方法,分别计算科考影响场与经验影响场的震后经济损失,与实际震害评估结果进行对比,初步验证该方法在省级区域震后经济损失快速评估中的可用性. 相似文献
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群体建筑物量大面广,为了简化群体建筑物震害预测的工作,采用类比预测法对群体建筑物震害进行了预测.从城市建筑中选取具有典型破坏特征的建筑物作为样本,通过建筑物结构类型、高度、建设年代、现状质量和用途作为震害影响因子进行震害类比预测.建立规划区内建筑物易损性矩阵.最后以宁德市为例,利用本文方法给出了宁德市建筑物的易损性矩阵... 相似文献
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基于地震动参数的建筑物震害研究 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12
本文介绍了多步简化的push—over(MSP)方法,引导出求解单体建筑物易损性指数和群体建筑物易损性指数的办法,并通过建筑物平均易损性指数曲线,来评价城市的总体抗震性能。本文不采用过去以烈度为地震输入的易损性评定方法,采用地震动参数作为城市建筑物易损性的评定标准。给出的易损性指数曲线,可用来查找不同地震动参数下各类建筑物的易损性结果,比较城市各类建筑物的抗震性能。本文研究可望在城市建筑物震害评估中有好的应用前景。 相似文献
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城市现有房屋震害预测智能辅助决策系统 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
本文简要地阐述PDKSCB-1智能辅助决策系统在城市现有房屋震害预测中的应用和系统的结构,包括:系统框图、影响因素和网络关系,数据库和知识库的建造,搜索技术的应用和输出实例。应用PDKSCB-1系统可预测城市现有房屋的群体震害,评估人员伤亡和经济损失,识别高危害的房屋类型和高危害的街坊小区及其潜在震害和危害的分布。 相似文献
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通过对多层砖房的普查和抽样调查取得的原始资料,用多层砖房震害预测方法和软件进行易损性分析,给出重要房屋单体震害预测结果和群体房屋的易损性矩阵. 相似文献
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地震是造成我国巨大人员伤亡的主要灾害之一,震后人员伤亡的快速评估对于应急抗震救援工作具有重要指导意义。通过分析影响地震灾害人员伤亡的主要因素,调查统计不同使用功能建筑物中人员密度、不同时间段人员在室率及不同结构破坏状态下的伤亡率,建立地震人员伤亡计算模型。基于实验数据所得的地震易损性曲线数据库对建筑物进行结构易损性分析,用研发的中国地震灾害损失评估系统软件(CEDLAS),对西安市灞桥区进行震后人员伤亡评估,并与汶川地震实际震害数据和其他经验模型对比,验证了该理论方法的可行性及合理性,为震后政府启动地震应急预案和组织开展抗震救灾工作提供参考。 相似文献
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Seismic damage evaluation in urban areas using the capacity spectrum method: Application to Barcelona 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Alex H. Barbat Luis G. Pujades Nieves Lantada 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(10-11):851
Conceptual aspects related to seismic vulnerability, damage and risk evaluation are discussed first, together with a short review of the most widely used possibilities for seismic evaluation of structures. The capacity spectrum method and the way of obtaining seismic damage scenarios for urban areas starting from capacity and fragility curves are then discussed. The determination of capacity curves for buildings using non-linear structural analysis tools is then explained, together with a simplified expeditious procedure allowing the development of fragility curves. The seismic risk of the buildings of Barcelona, Spain, is analyzed in the paper, based on the application of the capacity spectrum method. The seismic hazard in the area of the city is described by means of the reduced 5% damped elastic response spectrum. The information on the buildings was obtained by collecting, arranging, improving and completing a broad database of the dwellings and current buildings. The buildings existing in Barcelona are mainly of two types: unreinforced masonry structures and reinforced concrete buildings with waffled-slab floors. The ArcView software was used to create a GIS tool for managing the collected information in order to develop seismic risk scenarios. This study shows that the vulnerability of the buildings is significant in Barcelona and, therefore, in spite of the low-to-moderate seismic hazard in the region, the expected seismic risk is considerable. 相似文献
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The seismic evaluation of existing buildings is a more difficult task than the seismic design of new buildings. Non-linear
methods are needed if realistic results are to be obtained. However, the application to real complex structures of various
evaluation procedures, which have usually been tested on highly idealized structural models, is by no means straightforward.
In the paper, a practice-oriented procedure for the seismic evaluation of building structures, based on the N2 method, is
presented, together with the application of this method to an existing multi-storey reinforced concrete building. This building,
which is asymmetric in plan and irregular in elevation, consists of structural walls and frames. It was designed in 1962 for
gravity loads and a minimum horizontal loading (2% of the total weight). The main results presented in terms of the global
and local seismic demands are compared with the results of non-linear dynamic response-history analyses. As expected, the
structure would fail if subjected to the design seismic action according to Eurocode 8. The shear capacity of the structural
walls is the most critical. If the shear capacity of these elements was adequate, the structure would be able to survive the
design ground motion according to Eurocode 8, in spite of the very low level of design horizontal forces. The applied approach
proved to be a feasible tool for the seismic evaluation of complex structures. However, due to the large randomness and uncertainty
which are involved in the determination of both the seismic demand and the seismic capacity, only rough estimates of the seismic
behaviour of such structures can be obtained. 相似文献
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This paper presents a method for seismic vulnerability analysis of bridge structures based on vector-valued intensity measure(v IM), which predicts the limit-state capacities efficiently with multi-intensity measures of seismic event. Accounting for the uncertainties of the bridge model, ten single-bent overpass bridge structures are taken as samples statistically using Latin hypercube sampling approach. 200 earthquake records are chosen randomly for the uncertainties of ground motions according to the site condition of the bridges. The uncertainties of structural capacity and seismic demand are evaluated with the ratios of demand to capacity in different damage state. By comparing the relative importance of different intensity measures, Sa(T1) and Sa(T2) are chosen as v IM. Then, the vector-valued fragility functions of different bridge components are developed. Finally, the system-level vulnerability of the bridge based on v IM is studied with DunnettSobel class correlation matrix which can consider the correlation effects of different bridge components. The study indicates that an increment IMs from a scalar IM to v IM results in a significant reduction in the dispersion of fragility functions and in the uncertainties in evaluating earthquake risk. The feasibility and validity of the proposed vulnerability analysis method is validated and the bridge is more vulnerable than any components. 相似文献
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Seismic vulnerability and risk assessment: case study of the historic city centre of Coimbra, Portugal 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
Romeu Vicente Sonia Parodi Sergio Lagomarsino Humberto Varum J. A. R. Mendes Silva 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2011,9(4):1067-1096
Seismic risk evaluation of built-up areas involves analysis of the level of earthquake hazard of the region, building vulnerability
and exposure. Within this approach that defines seismic risk, building vulnerability assessment assumes great importance,
not only because of the obvious physical consequences in the eventual occurrence of a seismic event, but also because it is
the one of the few potential aspects in which engineering research can intervene. In fact, rigorous vulnerability assessment
of existing buildings and the implementation of appropriate retrofitting solutions can help to reduce the levels of physical
damage, loss of life and the economic impact of future seismic events. Vulnerability studies of urban centres should be developed
with the aim of identifying building fragilities and reducing seismic risk. As part of the rehabilitation of the historic
city centre of Coimbra, a complete identification and inspection survey of old masonry buildings has been carried out. The
main purpose of this research is to discuss vulnerability assessment methodologies, particularly those of the first level,
through the proposal and development of a method previously used to determine the level of vulnerability, in the assessment
of physical damage and its relationship with seismic intensity. Also presented and discussed are the strategy and proposed
methodology adopted for the vulnerability assessment, damage and loss scenarios for the city centre of Coimbra, Portugal,
using a GIS mapping application. 相似文献
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在地震作用下钢筋混凝土建筑结构出现破坏倒塌为地震灾害中的关键,有效评估建筑结构抗地震破坏倒塌能力是建筑结构设计的前提,也是当前建筑结构提高抗震性能与加固的依据。提出变形指标极值、失效判断标准以及钢筋混凝土建筑结构倒塌极限状态判断标准,据此获取倒塌储备系数、倒塌易损性、结构整体超强系数、结构整体延性系数等评估标准。采用Pushover分析法选择相应地震波。依据梁柱线刚比对建筑结构抗倒塌能力的影响,以及柱端弯矩增加系数对建筑结构抗地震破坏倒塌能力的影响,对建筑结构易损性进行分析。结果表明:等跨建筑结构抗地震破坏倒塌能力更强;建筑结构底层是薄弱层,COF值越高,结构越容易倒塌。 相似文献
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基于改进点估计法的结构整体概率抗震能力分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
确定能力中位值和能力离差值是结构整体概率抗震能力分析的两个关键问题,文中分析了现有方法存在的缺点。在Zhao-Ono点估计法的基础上,引入基于随机向量边缘概率分布信息的Nataf变换,提出了改进的点估计法。将改进点估计法与Pushover分析相结合,提出了评估结构整体概率抗震能力统计矩的随机Pushover分析方法。以某五层三跨钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,应用本方法,进行结构整体概率抗震能力分析,得到了结构整体抗震能力的易损性曲线。分析表明,所提方法是一种具有较高效率和较好精度的结构整体概率抗震能力的分析方法。 相似文献
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以汶川地震为研究背景,针对震后典型钢筋混凝土框架结构进行地震易损性研究。基于Cornell理论框架结合汶川地质资料,拟合出考虑场地特点的地震危险性模型,同时定义损伤水平状态及限值指标,以概率解析易损性研究方法为基础,运用考虑地震动参数的解析易损性评估方法绘制汶川地区钢筋混凝土框架建筑的地震易损性曲线。研究结果表明:考虑地震动参数的概率解析易损性研究方法是一种有效的地震易损性评估方法;以PGA作为地震强度输入指标的结构反应,随自振周期的增大体系最大响应的相关性降低,结构各个损伤状态的失效概率均随之增大。 相似文献