基于样本数据的红土型铝土矿定量遥感建模与反演研究

定量遥感找矿是遥感大数据在找矿应用中的一项前沿技术。本文采用多元回归分析方法,通过对多组不同数量地表铝土矿样本进行遥感建模与反演实验,探索样本量对定量遥感建模的影响。实验中,首先以地表采样获得的Al2O3、SiO2含量分析结果作为样本数据,再根据样本位置从Landsat 8遥感数据中分别读取1~7个波段反射率数据,然后利用SPSS软件,将Al2O3、SiO2含量与相应的1~7波段反射率进行多元回归分析,并分别建立Al2O3、SiO2含量遥感定量反演模型。为了得到最佳反演模型,随机选出6批不同数量的样本进行建模实验,每批样本大约2/3用于建模,其余1/3用于模型检验。实验结果表明:随着样本量增加,模型的判定系数(R2)均呈先快速升高后缓慢下降的趋势,反演结果的均方根误差则与之相反。当样本量为50左右时,判定系数取得极大值,均方根误差取得极小值,总体具有偏态分布特征。最后,利用遥感影像对样本量为50时建立的模型进行反演验证,研究区地表Al2O3、SiO2含量的反演结果与实际情况吻合得很好,从而证实了该建模方法具有可靠性,可以进一步推广使用。     

贵州西部玄武岩地球化学特征及有关成矿作用分析

贵州玄武岩属稳定地块裂陷阶段—二叠纪非造山期产物,以海相喷溢和陆相喷溢为主,通过取样分析,得出贵州玄武岩的地球化学特征,化学成分以SiO2为主,化学成分因取样区域不同含量也不相同,大部分样品进行拉丝实验成功.稀土元素分析数据表明取样玄武岩属轻稀土富集型,微量元素实验显示相容元素Cr、Co、Ni和不相容元素V、Mn、Ti...     

碱提取法分析海洋沉积物生物硅方法中碎屑组分污染的评估及校正

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱 (ICP- MS)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱 (ICP- AES)方法分析了常规碱液提取海洋沉积物中的生物硅所获取的溶液中的 Si、 Al和 Ti含量.分析结果显示 , 碱液提取法获取的溶液中 Si和 Al明显地由两种来源混合而成,其中, Si有较大比例的陆源碎屑成分的贡献,并不能直接代表沉积物中的生物硅含量,而需要对其中的陆源碎屑贡献进行扣除.通常使用 Al来代表陆源碎屑进行扣除的方法无法给出正确结果,因为碱提取液中 Al存在明显的非碎屑组分.对数个土壤及水系沉积物标准样品物质的试验发现,碱提取可以优先溶解其中的 Si和 Al,而提取液中的 SiO2/TiO2比值相对于土壤和沉积物全样的 SiO2/TiO2比值有一个比较固定的富集系数 (约 14左右 ).对南海沉积物而言,根据这个富集系数和区域的碎屑物质的化学组成算得碱提取液中碎屑组分 SiO2/TiO2比值约为 748,这与根据二端员混合估计的比值相当.这样,根据提取液中的 Ti含量可以较好地扣除出碎屑组分对生物硅的污染,对于更准确测定海洋沉积物中低含量的生物硅具有重要意义.     

SiO2-TiO2薄膜制备及其光催化性能研究

Sol-gel法制备SiO2-TiO2复合薄膜，进行甲醛的光催化降解实验，研究了SiO2掺杂量、薄膜焙烧温度、甲醛溶液pH值及初始浓度对光催化性能的影响。结果表明，500℃焙烧1h，掺杂质量SiO2：TiO2=12：100时，SiO2-TiO2薄膜的光催化活性最高，150min后甲醛降解率达76％，是单纯TiO2薄膜的1．3倍，该薄膜稳定性较好，经重复8次使用，最大降解率只下降4％。     

热红外遥感定量反演地表岩石的SiO2含量

硅酸盐矿物热红外发射率光谱特征与其SiO2含量有很好的对应关系.本文以ASU(Arizona State University)、JHU(Johns Hopkins University)光谱库为数据源,研究了硅酸盐矿物发射率光谱克里斯琴森特征(CF-Christensen Features)与SiO2含量、SCFM(SiO2/(SiO2 FeO MgO CaO))指数的定量关系,并与Copper对火成岩的研究结果进行了对比,二者吻合,可作为热红外发射率光谱线性混合的佐证.建立了表征硅酸盐矿物SiO2含量的SiO2指数(ε12/ε13)与SiO2含量的定量关系,在此基础上,利用ASTER热红外数据对东天山黄山东地区SiO2进行了定量反演,反演结果与地质事实相符.利用反演结果可以对基性超基性岩体进行圈定,对于寻找与基性超基性岩体有关的铜镍矿床有重要的应用价值.     

豫西卢氏张家山铁矿成矿模式及矿床成因研究

为探讨张家山铁矿的矿床成因及成矿模式,在野外地质调查的基础上,通过矿物学、地球化学手段对其进行综合研究。研究结果发现,张家山铁矿石的主要成分为褐铁矿、针铁矿、赤铁矿和少量黄铁矿,矿石主量元素SiO2/Al2O3比值变化范围在0.92～6.26之间,绝大多数小于5,且K2O含量大于Na2O,微量元素Ni/Co比值介于6.95～236.48之间,远大于3,稀土元素配分模式曲线整体较平坦,整体上反映张家山铁矿的成矿物质主要来自陆源。综合研究认为:该矿床成因类型为沉积—风化淋滤型铁矿,成矿过程分为原始沉积富集和风化淋滤成矿两个阶段。     

甘肃北山地区红山铁矿硅质岩的地球化学特征及沉积环境

通过野外地质调查和系统的岩石主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素等的研究,探讨红山铁矿床硅质岩的地球化学特征及其沉积环境。红山铁矿床中广泛发育一套与铁矿体呈共生关系的硅质岩。研究表明,与铁矿密切共生的呈层状和透镜状产出的灰色、紫红色硅质岩总体属于低硅类型的硅质岩。在SiO2-Al2O3判别图解中,SiO2与Al2O3负相关,样品数据点均落入热水沉积区域;稀土元素配分模式经北美页岩标准化后呈平缓型,与东太平洋热泉水、红海热卤水具有相似的正Eu异常和配分模式,δEu值均大于1,显示热水沉积的特征;硅质岩中的V、Ni、Cu、Ba等微量元素的含量具有陆缘海盆热水沉积的特征。     

甘肃北山地区红山铁矿硅质岩的地球化学特征及沉积环境

通过野外地质调查和系统的岩石主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素等的研究,探讨红山铁矿床硅质岩的地球化学特征及其沉积环境。红山铁矿床中广泛发育一套与铁矿体呈共生关系的硅质岩。研究表明,与铁矿密切共生的呈层状和透镜状产出的灰色、紫红色硅质岩总体属于低硅类型的硅质岩。在SiO2-Al2O3判别图解中,SiO2与Al2O3负相关,样品数据点均落入热水沉积区域;稀土元素配分模式经北美页岩标准化后呈平缓型,与东太平洋热泉水、红海热卤水具有相似的正Eu异常和配分模式,δEu值均大于1,显示热水沉积的特征;硅质岩中的V、Ni、Cu、Ba等微量元素的含量具有陆缘海盆热水沉积的特征。     

吉林省塔东大型铁矿地球化学特征及黄铁矿Re-Os同位素定年

塔东铁矿是吉黑成矿省内最大的火山喷流沉积-变质改造型铁矿。首次对矿床地质特征、岩石地球化学特征、黄铁矿微区分析、黄铁矿Re-Os同位素进行了系统研究。矿床产于早古生代塔东群拉拉沟岩组含铁变质岩系中,矿体为层状、似层状或透镜状,产状与围岩一致。矿石构造以浸染状构造和条带状构造为主,其次为层纹状、致密块状、皱纹状等构造。地球化学分析塔东铁矿岩石形成于海底化学沉积—海底基性火山喷发—海底火山碎屑交替沉积环境,大地构造环境为陆-陆碰撞带岛弧构造环境。塔东铁矿磁铁矿电子探针分析FeOT含量89.15%~92.59%,SiO2含量0.03%~0.19%,TiO2含量0.01%~0.03%,Al2O3含量0.02%~0.07%,MgO含量0.01%~0.04%,MnO含量0.01%~0.03%,成因类型以岩浆岩型、火山岩型及沉积变质型为主。黄铁矿电子探针分析Fe含量45.69%~47.25%,S含量51.49%~52.09%,S/Fe值1.90~1.97,具较弱的硫亏损特点,反映火山热液和变质热液特点。5件黄铁矿Re-Os同位素测定Re为1172×10-12~29810×10-12,Os为20×10-12~184×10-12,187 Os/188 Os为3.82~52.11,187 Re/188 Os为601~7739。Re-Os模式年龄值为370~448Ma,等时线年龄为401±41Ma,MSWD=10.2,187 Os/188 Os为0.3±3.4。Re-Os同位素数据显示塔东铁矿成矿时期为加里东晚期。含矿岩系的主体时代为早古生代,而非新元古代。     

滑动衬值法在利比里亚Harper地区铁矿勘查中的应用

水系沉积物样品作为区域化探工作的主要测试分析物质,其成份组成具有明显的空间异质性,通过对元素含量数据进行滑动衬值标准化处理,可以有效解决该异质性造成的异常信息提取失真的问题。本次研究以利比里亚Harper地区1:25万区域化探数据为依据,以研究区优势成矿元素Fe2O3及其伴生元素V、BIF型铁矿的找矿指示元素Mn为主要研究对象,利用滑动衬值法对Fe、V元素含量数据进行处理,并以处理后的数据的85%、90%、95%分位数值作为各元素异常的外、中、内带值进行单元素异常圈定。处理结果表明该方法可有效提取出低背景区的Fe及其它相关元素的地球化学异常信息,结合Mn原始含量异常分布特征,本次共圈定出Fe2O3-V-Mn组合异常12处,通过对各组合异常的规模进行评序,结合区域成矿地质条件分析,最终在研究区优选出Karloken-Kronoken及Harper两处Fe有利成矿远景区。     

ICP-AES法测定矿石中的二氧化钛

采用等离子直读光谱(ICP-AES)法测定矿石中二氧化钛,探讨了基体及光谱测试条件对钛测定的影响,选择了仪器最佳条件,为了避免共存元素对测定的干扰,采用国家一级标准物质GBW07235作为标准溶液,通过测定标样含量得出的结果,证明了此方法准确可靠,简明快速,十分满意。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铁矿石中15个稀土元素

分析地质样品中稀土元素的含量,现有的方法都受到基体干扰和共存元素干扰,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)已在痕量元素分析中得到广泛应用,通过条件优化可准确测定稀土元素。本文建立了ICP-MS同时测定铁矿石中钇镧铈镨钕钐铕钆铽镝钬铒铥镱镥15个稀土元素的方法,样品用盐酸、硝酸和氢氟酸高温密闭消解,消解完全后转移定容,在线加入¹⁰³Rh、¹¹⁵In、¹⁸⁵Re内标液进行测定,方法回收率为95%~104%,精密度(RSD)≤3.5%。对12个国家24个代表性主产区进口的铁矿石样品进行检测,分析其稀土元素的配分模式特征为右倾型轻稀土富集,现阶段的进口铁矿粉多为多产区复合配矿。本方法较其他传统方法大幅降低能耗,提高了分析效率,初步探讨的稀土元素丰度特征可为研究主产区铁矿石的矿床成因、提高我国烧结球团矿的加工工艺提供依据。     

Geochemical Fingerprint and Iron Ore Potential of the Siliceous Itabirite from Palaeoproterozoic Nyong Series,Zambi Area,Southwestern Cameroon

The study area forms part of an emerging iron ore province of southern Cameroon. Geochemistry analyses reveal that the siliceous itabirite has a very simple chemical composition, with Fe₂O₃ and SiO₂ representing more than 96 wt.% of the average composition; suggesting chemical precipitates of silica and iron. Low Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ concentrations and a weak positive correlation between them point to a minor detrital component in the precipitated marine sediments. The Si/Al ratio (average 52.7) indicates the hydrothermal origin of the studied itabirite. The Al–Si discrimination diagram supports this interpretation through the plot of all data in the hydrothermal field. The studied samples have low iron content (about 39.32% Fe), high gangue content (40.97% SiO₂ and 1.3 % Al₂O₃) and low concentration of the deleterious elements (0.16 % P and < 0.01% S). The main gangue mineral is silica which can be efficiently removed from iron ores during preparation of raw materials for the blast furnace process. According to commercial standards for crude iron ores, it may be concluded that the Zambi iron ores are a low‐grade magnetic ore that can be profitably exploited for the production of iron for steel production.     

Geochemistry of banded iron formation of Orissa,India

Major and trace element analyses of representative samples of various types of banded iron-formation and its various minerals, associated sediments, iron ores and volcanic tuff from different localities of Orissa, India, are presented in this paper. The Orissa banded iron-formation is classified as Precambrian banded iron formation and is similar to the oxide facies iron formation of Lake Superior type. The Orissa iron formation consists only of iron oxide and silica with total absence of iron silicate, sulfide and carbonate minerals, and is devoid of terrigenous material. The trace element content suggests the source of the underlying quartzite to be a continental igneous rock mass, while the interbedded tuff are of undoubted volcanic origin. The overlying iron formation were chemically precipitated as oxidate sediments in which the principal iron mineral — magnetite — was formed at low temperature in a shallow marine environment. From the overwhelming similarity of major and trace element contents of all the samples from the different localities, it is postulated that these detached outcrops originated in the same continous basin.     

无汞重铬酸钾-自动电位滴定法准确测定矿石中的全铁含量

铁矿石样品采用Na2O2碱熔进行前处理,自动电位滴定法准确测定矿石中全铁的含量。对于样品溶液Fe3+的还原方式,考察了SnCl2-HgCl2、SnCl2、TiCl3、SnCl2-TiCl3四种方式,确定选用SnCl2-TiCl3联合还原,不仅避免了有毒试剂的使用,而且滴定终点电位突跃明显。自动电位滴定法的相对误差(RE)为0.13%,精密度(RSD)为0.22%,优于手动滴定法,避免了手动滴定受终点颜色判断误差、分析者水平等因素影响的不足。将建立的SnCl2-TiCl3-K2Cr2O7自动电位滴定法应用于6个铁含量大于30%的矿石标准物质分析,RE<0.2%,RSD<0.3%(n=10)。该方法对于钒钛磁铁矿样品GBW 07226a、GBW 07224无需分离,可直接测定,样品分解方法简单快捷,适用性强,样品不会飞溅且分解完全,适用于需要较高准确度的铁矿石尤其是高含量铁矿石样品的分析工作。     

铁矿石灼烧减量测试新方法——热重分析法

采用热重分析法(TGA)测量铁矿石样品灼烧减量,对保温时间、加热温度、加热速率和工作气氛等工作条件进行了系统研究,确立TGA法适宜的工作条件为:20℃/m in加热至1 000℃,保温30 min,全程选用高纯氮为工作气体。对多种进口铁矿石样品采用TGA法和常规马弗炉加热法进行测量,对比结果表明,TGA法具有方便快捷、准确可靠、适用范围宽、样品消耗量小等优点,且可以清楚监控样品失重全过程,为铁矿石挥发分的成分分析提供有力的数据参考。     

Modeling of geochemical processes occurred during the formation of the Schlema deposit,Erzgebirge. II. Formation of pre-uranium veins

By means of computer modeling, it was shown that the pre-uranium quartz and quartz-sulfide veins of the Schlema deposit with their typomorphic assemblages could be formed at the expense of cooling of hot pore solutions from the Aue granite cupola underlying the mineralized zones. As was shown previously [1], the ore metal content of these pore solutions changes with decreasing temperature and pressure in the granite-water system and an increase in the intensity of granite “flushing” with a water phase. The dependence of the composition of precipitated material on the proportions of chlorides and carbon dioxide in the pore solutions was evaluated in the models. It was shown that silica mobilization from the granite and redeposition were accompanied by the oxidation of ferrous iron in the granite and extraction of sulfide sulfur in molal amounts similar to or even higher than those of silica. This provided conditions for uranium migration after these stages and formation of hydrothermal uranium ores. Original Russian Text ? Vikt.L. Barsukov. 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 12, pp. 1290–1314.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法快速测定铁矿石中铅锌铜

将ISO、国家标准等方法中同一铁矿石样品分别称样,用不同的方法溶样,再分别测定改进为对同一样品一次称样,盐酸、氢氟酸一次性溶样,应用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定同一进口铁矿石中铅、锌和铜含量,可简化操作,减少误差。方法准确、可靠,提高了工作效率和经济效益。     

A study on the potential of satellite image-derived hyperspectral signatures to assess the grades of iron ore deposits

This paper present the results of a study made to assess the grades of iron ore deposits in parts of Noamundi area using the hyperspectral image data (EO-1 Hyperion). The study involves hyperspectral image data, preprocessing (removal of atmospheric effects), spectral curve generation from the image, extraction of certain spectral parameters and spectral data analysis. Atmospheric correction was carried out by using algorithms involving atmospheric analysis of spectral hyper-cubes and Quick Atmospheric Correction modules. Spectral curves generated for the pixels that contain iron ores resemble the spectral signature of iron ores, i.e., very strong absorption at 850–900nm region is observed. The strength of the absorption varies spatially at different pixels. Hence, spectral parameters such as radius of curvature of NIR absorption trough (750–1000nm), position of NIR absorption trough and distance from a reference(100% reflectance) line have been derived for all the image-derived spectra and were compared with the concentration of iron in the ore samples of mines. Empirical models were generated by relating the image-derived spectral parameters of iron ore locations and geochemistry of the samples collected from the same location which shows a reasonable match. Strong negative correlation is seen between the radius of curvature of the NIR absorption trough and concentration of iron with a R² value of 0.809. The position of the NIR absorption trough is seen to shift towards longer wavelengths with decreasing iron content and the distance from the reference line increases with increasing iron content. Thus, this study indicates that it is feasible to discriminate the grades of iron ores from the spectral parameters derived from Hyperspectral satellite images.     

Actual Problems of Prediction of Manganese Deposits in the Urals

Based on recent publications and our long-standing investigations, the most reasonable ways were proposed to obtain the manganiferous raw material for the Uralian metallurgic industry, which lost the traditional raw base (Ukrainian and Georgian deposits) after the USSR breakdown. The Urals is region is perspective for the discovery of two types of manganese deposits. (1) Insignificantly metamorphosed siliceous–carbonate ores with silica modulus M_Si (i.e., MnO : SiO₂) ranging from 1 to 2 and manganese content of 17–20%. The most promising are the areas with different-age, mainly carbonate rocks in the Urals (Northern and Polar) and Pai-Khoi regions. (2) Oxide, mainly pyrolusite–psylomelane ores with Mn content of 30–35% in the Meso–Cenozoic manganese hats developed in the Paleozoic manganiferous (volcanogenic–siliceous and carbonate–siliceous) rocks and noneconomic (small) deposits. The most promising areas are Late Cretaceous and Paleogene peneplains of the Southern Urals (Trans-Uralian and Zilair regions). It is necessary to intensify works on the improvement of concentration technique for manganese ores and to carry out the marketing study of the expediency of replacing imported manganiferous concentrates by those obtained from the Uralian ores.