财神庙铅锌多金属矿床水文地质勘探方法

财神庙矿区在水文地质勘探评价中,总结初勘中水文地质规律,指导水文地质勘查工程;利用非探矿工程进行抽水放水试验;利用构造孔、找矿孔开展水文地质观测;实施水文地质与地质设计、钻探施工三结合的一套工作方法,实践证明,这些水文地质勘探方法是可行的,有效的,缩短了勘探工期,降低了工作成本,获得了良好地质效果和经济效益。     

中国北方煤矿区碳酸盐岩供水水文地质勘探类型及勘探方法研究

本文根据作者多年勘探实践,在总结分析近30个供水勘探成果的基础上,对我国北方煤矿区碳酸岩供水水文地质勘探类型;类型划分;供水水文地质勘探的基本特点与原则;不同勘探类型的勘探任务和勘探方法进行了深入探讨。     

微机在煤田水文地质领域中的应用及展望

分析了微机在水文地质领域的应用现状,并结合微机在煤田勘探部门的应用状况,展望了今后微机在煤田勘探水文地质领域应用的发展方向,提出应在集成水文地质信息管理系统和地理信息系统两个方面进行开发研究。     

关于矿区水文地质勘探设计的几个问题

矿区水文地质工作为地质工作中一个重要环节,因此作为施工依据的矿区水文地质设计,应该成为地质勘探设计中的一个组成部分,以便能够密切结合地质勘探工程进行水文地质工作,获得足以保证矿量批准和适当满足开采设计的水文地质资料。一、如何正确进行水文地质勘探设计问题(一)水文地质勘探设计的依据     

对编制矿区水文地质勘探设计的一点意见

矿区水文地质勘探工作是地质勘探工作中一个不可缺少的组成部分,因此,矿区水文地质勘探设计,在一般情况下为整个地质勘探设计中的一部分,只有在个别的情况下(如水文地质条件复杂的矿区),才单独进行编制。虽在“地质知识”1956年第8期登载了郭文魁先生的一篇文章——“关于制订和执行地质勘探设计的一些问题”,而矿区水文地质勘探设计仍有重申的必要。矿区水文地质设计编制的好坏,直接影响地质、水文地质勘探工作的进行,它的重要性也完全和地质勘探设计一样。地质部或其它企业部门早已规定过:“没有设计、     

基于瞬变电磁法的陇东煤矿采空区水文地质勘探技术研究

煤矿开采会破坏地层地质结构,造成采空区地表断裂、下沉塌陷等危害。为避免这一问题,需准确探测煤矿采空区水文地质,为此提出基于瞬变电磁法的煤矿采空区水文地质勘探技术。该方法以甘肃省陇东煤矿采空区水文地质为主,分别分析了甘肃省煤矿采空区的地形地貌、地层岩性、水文地质特征,根据分析结果估算瞬变电磁法在水文地质勘探时的最大勘探深度,确定瞬变电磁法的工作参数。依据勘探结果确定煤矿采空区水文地质的异常范围,以此实现煤矿采空区水文地质勘探研究。在实际应用中有效探测出了地层塌陷位置发生高阻半闭合异常现象,且除高压线外煤矿采空区其余位置的干扰电压较小。     

煤矿水害防治中的综合水文地质分析方法

在矿井水文地质工作中,应以矿井为中心,充分利用矿区自勘探建井以来形成的第一手水文地质资料,有针对性地采用合适的、新的勘探手段查清关键性水文地质问题,分析矿井充水条件。      

西石门铁矿水文地质勘探体会

西石门矿属典型的裂隙岩溶类型矿区,水文地质条件较复杂。 现仅就几次勘探的指导思想及所获成果的对比,谈一下该矿水文地质勘探方法的体会,并进而对地区裂隙岩溶类型矿区的水文地质勘探方法作一探讨。     

福建上杭北部地区矿床水文地质特征及勘探方法的应用

从分析区内水文地质特征入手,根据武平县悦洋银多金属矿区、上杭县古石背铀矿床、上杭县紫金山铜金矿区西北矿段铜矿床等水文地质特征,提出该区矿床水文地质勘探,应查明构造断裂带的特征,采用多种勘探方法相结合,加强地下水长期观测,正确地查明矿床水文地质条件和主要充水因素．准确预测矿坑涌水量。     

粤北南岭煤矿关溪井田水文地质探采对比

粤北南岭煤矿位于我省北部,主产焦煤,矿井经常突水,水患无穷。解放后,曾有不少单位做过大量的地质及水文地质普查、勘探工作。近年来又通过地质勘探和生产井开采的验证,核实了以往水文地质勘探程度。笔者根据探采对比情况,提些看法,以供南方小型煤矿的水文地质勘探及开采设计参考,不当之处,请予指正。     

The Theoretical Links Between Sequential Gaussian Simulation, Gaussian Truncated Simulation, and Probability Field Simulation

Sequential Gaussian simulation (sgsim), Gaussian truncated simulation (gtsim), and probability field simulation (pfsim) are three algorithms frequently used for conditional stochastic simulation. They were developed independently and are seen as different algorithms in applications. This paper establishes that gtsim and pfsim can be bridged by a simple quantile transform between Gaussian and uniform distributions. As for the sgsim algorithm, the normal score back-transform can be seen as a series of truncations of the simulated Gaussian field. All three algorithms are shown to be applicable to both continuous and categorical variables. In practice, gtsim can be most often replaced by the more CPU-efficient pfsim algorithm.     

基于过程模拟的李官堡水源地地下水污染预警

基于过程模拟的地下水污染预警是基于包气带和饱和带过程模拟的耦合实现的,且融合了涵盖整个地下水系统的四个预警指标。选取浑河冲洪积扇的李官堡水源地为例,基于Hydrus-1D和Visual Modflow分别进行包气带过程模拟和饱和带过程模拟,针对潜层和承压层的复杂程度分别制定了各自的预警临界值;经分析可知,随着时间的推移,地表污染物持续进入到地下水中,污染晕范围不断扩大,地下水中最大浓度值和水源井浓度值也持续增加,且承压含水层的预警级别要高于潜水含水层;同时基于潜层和承压层中污染物最大浓度值与时间分别近似呈线性关系和指数关系可进行长时间尺度的预警;并提出了零级预警区和一级预警区管理措施以监测和预防为主,二级预警区、三级预警区和四级预警区管理措施以控制和监测为主。     

区域水安全战略的研究进展

分析了区域水安全所面临的问题及其挑战,总结了国内外区域水安全战略研究和实践的现状,阐述了研究的发展趋势以及需进一步解决的问题。研究指出:在21世纪,区域社会经济发展与水安全之间的互动影响将更加紧密,运用现代战略思维理论和系统动力学仿真方法,在对区域进行系统动态仿真分析和检验评价的基础上选择科学合理的水安全战略,是一个具有重要现实意义和重大理论价值的研究课题。     

Validation Techniques for Geological Patterns Simulations Based on Variogram and Multiple-Point Statistics

Traditional simulation methods that are based on some form of kriging are not sensitive to the presence of strings of connectivity of low or high values. They are particularly inappropriate in many earth sciences applications, where the geological structures to be simulated are curvilinear. In such cases, techniques allowing the reproduction of multiple-point statistics are required. The aim of this paper is to point out the advantages of integrating such multiple-statistics in a model in order to allow shape reproduction, as well as heterogeneity structures, of complex geological patterns to emerge. A comparison between a traditional variogram-based simulation algorithm, such as the sequential indicator simulation, and a multiple-point statistics algorithm (e.g., the single normal equation simulation) is presented. In particular, it is shown that the spatial distribution of limestone with meandering channels in Lecce, Italy is better reproduced by using the latter algorithm. The strengths of this study are, first, the use of a training image that is not a fluvial system and, more importantly, the quantitative comparison between the two algorithms. The paper focuses on different metrics that facilitate the comparison of the methods used for limestone spatial distribution simulation: both objective measures of similarity of facies realizations and high-order spatial cumulants based on different third- and fourth-order spatial templates are considered.     

A comparative study between sequential Gaussian simulation and kriging method grade modeling in open-pit mining

Grade estimation is very important in designing open pits. In the process of grade estimation, underestimation can result in loss of economic ore, whereas overestimation would unnecessarily increase stripping ratio. Normally, kriging method, which suffers from underestimation and/or overestimation due to smoothing effect, is used for grade estimation. To overcome drawbacks of the kriging method, more efficient techniques such as conditional simulation can be applied. In this paper, utilizing sequential Gaussian conditional simulation, grade models were constructed for Sungun copper deposit situated in the North West of Iran. According to the obtained results, it was observed that conditional simulation can effectively cope with the weakness of kriging method. Also, it was observed that as compared to the kriging method, grade distribution, resulted from the conditional simulation, is almost identical to that of the real exploration data. Accordingly, using conditional simulation, the amount of mineable ore was significantly increased, and also, average net present value as the mines’ most important economic indicator was improved by 40%.     

Spectral Simulation and Conditioning to Local Continuity Trends in Geologic Modeling

Spectral simulation has gained application in building geologic models due to the advantage of better honoring the spatial continuity of petrophysical properties, such as reservoir porosity and shale volume. Distinct from sequential simulation methods, spectral simulation is a global algorithm in the sense that a global density spectrum is calculated once and the inverse Fourier transform is performed on the Fourier coefficient also only once to generate a simulation realization. The generated realizations honor the spatial continuity structure globally over the whole field instead of only within a search neighborhood, as with sequential simulation algorithms. However, the disadvantage of global spectral simulation is that it traditionally cannot account for the local information such as the local continuity trends, which are often observed in reservoirs and hence are important to be accounted for in geologic models. This disadvantage has limited wider application of spectral simulation in building geologic models. In this paper, we present ways of conditioning geologic models to the relevant local information. To account for the local continuity trends, we first scale different frequency components of the original model with local-amplitude spectrum ratios that are specific to the local trend. The sum of these scaled frequency components renders a new model that displays the desired local continuity trend. The implementation details of this new method are discussed and examples are provided to illustrate the algorithm.     

大规模高性能地球系统建模及模拟集成框架的研究

完整的地球系统包含大量的物理元素,这些元素相互作用影响,导致我们整个地球不断变化,甚至会产生地球灾害。高性能计算机的出现为这个复杂系统的研究开辟了新的道路——高性能计算模拟。文中详细介绍并分析了地球系统建模及模拟研究从最初单个物理模型的模拟到多个物理模型紧耦合模拟,再到软件框架集成模拟这一整个发展历程。重点介绍了三个由美国多个研究团队开发的建模框架:日地系统建模框架(SWMF),地表系统建模框架(ESMF),固体地球系统建模框架(GeoFramework)。然而这些基于特殊领域的框架仍存在一些缺陷,尤其是三个框架中的物理模型无法互操作,无法集成,从而无法实现从太阳到地核这一跨越整个地球空间的完整地球系统的建模及模拟。为了解决这些问题,文中提出了采用近年来新提出的适用于大规模高性能科学计算的标准组件规范CCA构建整个地球系统的模拟及分布式协同工作平台——分布式高性能地球系统建模集成框架(DHEMF)。DHEMF以其特有的面向服务基于组件的特性,使其能够解决地球系统模型(组件)的建模、集成、应用、管理、互操作等复杂问题,并最终实现完整地球系统的模拟及预报。     

改进的SCS模型在黑龙江省中小流域径流模拟中的应用

针对黑龙江省中小流域特征,以烟筒山、铁力、岔林河桥、中和4个流域为研究区,引入初损比例m和系统偏差系数k两个参数对SCS模型进行改进,探讨改进的SCS模型在模拟黑龙江中小流域降雨-径流的可行性。结果表明:改进的SCS模型模拟的效率系数均为0.80以上,可以有效的模拟黑龙江省中小流域的降雨-径流。     

中国泥石流起动物理模拟试验研究进展

为进一步提高泥石流起动物理模拟试验的科学性,完善试验体系,采用资料收集与分析方法,总结了近年来中国泥石流起动物理模拟试验开展的现状,从水流冲刷与泥石流起动试验以及人工降雨与泥石流起动试验两个方面论述了中国泥石流起动试验取得的主要进展和理论成果。在国内外泥石流起动物理模拟试验对照基础上,提出中国泥石流起动物理模拟试验研究的建议:提高水流浓度、降雨雨型与土体特征的相似率;加强降雨或水流作用下土体物理力学特征变化与泥石流起动响应研究;推动降雨与汇流共同作用下泥石流起动综合性物理模拟试验的开展。