固定式地面激光扫描仪变形测量精度分析

为了研究三维激光扫描技术用于变形测量的精度情况,选用在测量领域中使用较广的脉冲式扫描仪,选定场地进行距离测量精度、平面坐标测量精度和高差测量精度测试,并与变形测量规范进行对比,确定了扫描仪对应的变形测量等级。     

全站仪构建全局测量空间的转站精度仿真分析

针对大尺寸工业测量范围大、精度要求高,通常需要进行转站测量来实现对全局测量空间的控制,而转站测量中的转站精度也是影响整体测量精度的关键。该文利用徕卡TM30全站仪测量系统作为测量手段,获取公共点坐标信息,采用Matlab软件编程,构建了转站精度分布模型,并对转站精度受公共点测量误差变化及待测点分布的影响进行了仿真分析。结果表明,在实际工程测量中构建全局测量空间时,通过对转站精度进行仿真分析,可实现对待测点布设方案的优化设计,提高整体的测量精度。     

GPS RTK测量精度的分析

针对影响RTK测量精度的问题,以实验的方式,详细分析了影响RTK测量精度的各种因素,并提出了提高RTK测量精度的方法和措施。这些措施可以有效提高RTK测量精度,对今后的RTK测量有很好的参考意义。     

哈苏555ELD相机用于工业摄影测量的精度测试

利用平面测量点对哈苏555ELD相机用于工业摄影测量的测量精度进行测试试验,在2 m×3 m范围内其点位测量精度约为±0.13 mm,相对精度约为1/3万。分析影响其测量精度的因素,并提出通过提高成像质量及改进相机畸变模型的方法提高测量精度。     

机载InSAR系统成像对DGPS/IMU要求分析

InSAR系统根据两幅相干复影像的相位差进行高程测量,相位精度是影响系统高程测量精度的主要因素之一.依据InSAR成像运动补偿原理,DGPS/IMU测量的位置和速度精度将直接影响成像运动补偿精度.在分析了InSAR成像运动补偿对相位精度及相位精度对高程测量精度影响的基础上,根据InSAR系统对相位精度的要求,提出了In...     

摄影测量系统精度测试新方法

根据经纬仪测量系统点位真实精度的经验值和分别用工业摄影测量系统与经纬仪测量系统测量出的点位进行公共点转换得出的差值,来估计工业摄影测量系统测量的点位精度,从而提供一种检测工业摄影测量系统精度的新方法。分别使用INCA3与Nikon D2H相机试验,发现INCA3相机的精度大约是Nikon D2H精度的2倍。     

全站仪坐标测量精度检定分析

随着高精度仪器的不断发展,如激光跟踪仪、激光扫描仪的发展,仪器厂家给出的仪器参数指标也开始发生变化,由此导致当前我们亟需一个统一的参数类型。就测量精度而言,给出仪器坐标测量精度是一个趋势。普通全站仪给出的是测角精度、测距精度,坐标测量精度却无法给定。据此,提出了通过基准距离测量比对、外符合精度评定、内符合精度评定的方法去评定全站仪坐标测量精度的方式。     

重庆市似大地水准面精化及模型精度检测

介绍了重庆市似大地水准面精化的基本情况,并对精化成果的内符合精度以及外符合精度进行了分析,比较了不同GPS观测时间长度、静态GPS测量和结合CQCORS系统的网络RTK测量的检核精度。结果表明,重庆市似大地水准面精化成果内符合精度较高,主城都市区及区县城市外符合精度较高,能够满足四等三角高程测量精度要求,其余地区满足图根等级高程测量或碎部点高程测量精度要求。     

全站仪对边测量原理及精度分析

对边测量是全站仪的一种专项测量功能,它可用来间接测量两个不可通视点之间的水平距离。该方法设站灵活,操作简单,但其测量精度没有标注,需要通过计算求得。本文根据全站仪对边测量的基本原理,推导出对边测量的精度计算公式,通过实例计算,对其精度进行了分析,讨论了对边测量在测站改变时其精度变化的规律,提出了提高对边测量精度的方法。     

RTK三维水深测量的实施与精度控制

为提高使用RTK三维水深测量的精度与可靠性,需在外业实施和数据处理不同阶段采用不同方法控制测量精度并进行精度和可靠性评价。从对RTK三维水深测量中对水位改正的精度要求分析入手,论述了如何在测量前、测量中和数据处理等不同阶段对RTK三维水深测量精度分析所采用的不同方法,并以实例进行了阐述。     

Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world

Abstract

Cultures throughout the world are associating with the rivers. People depend upon the rivers and their tributaries for food, water, transport, and many other aspects of their daily lives. Unfortunately, human beings have not calculated the accurate lengths for the great rivers even today. The lengths of the rivers are very different in popular textbooks, magazines, atlases and encyclopedias, etc. To accurately determine the lengths of the principal rivers of the world, the combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions is proposed in this paper. The lengths of the Nile, Amazon, Yangtze, Mississippi, Yellow, Ob, Yenisey, Amur, Congo and Mekong, with lengths over or close to 5000 km, were calculated using the proposed method. The results may represent the most reliable and accurate lengths of the principal rivers of the world that are currently achievable.     

世纪之交的沉思--论21世纪软科学的发展

软科学这一术语是70年代在国外提出的.然而30多年以来,它在国外不仅未得到普遍的承认,而且对软科学的定义也还未能达成大体上一致的共识.而在改革开放后的中国,出于决策科学化和民主化的需要,经过一些领导人的提倡和支持,特别是通过1986年召开的软科学座谈会及1994年召开的全国软科学工作会议,软科学事业得到了蓬勃的发展.据初步统计,截止1998年底全国共有软科学研究机构1224个,研究人员32655人,初步形成了一支较为强大的研究队伍,并取得了数百项覆盖多个领域的研究成果,为支持各级各类的决策发挥了一定的作用.     

Improving the modeling of the atmospheric delay in the data analysis of the Intensive VLBI sessions and the impact on the UT1 estimates

The very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) Intensive sessions are typically 1-h and single-baseline VLBI sessions, specifically designed to yield low-latency estimates of UT1-UTC. In this work, we investigate what accuracy is obtained from these sessions and how it can be improved. In particular, we study the modeling of the troposphere in the data analysis. The impact of including external information on the zenith wet delays (ZWD) and tropospheric gradients from GPS or numerical weather prediction models is studied. Additionally, we test estimating tropospheric gradients in the data analysis, which is normally not done. To evaluate the results, we compared the UT1-UTC values from the Intensives to those from simultaneous 24-h VLBI session. Furthermore, we calculated length of day (LOD) estimates using the UT1-UTC values from consecutive Intensives and compared these to the LOD estimated by GPS. We find that there is not much benefit in using external ZWD; however, including external information on the gradients improves the agreement with the reference data. If gradients are estimated in the data analysis, and appropriate constraints are applied, the WRMS difference w.r.t. UT1-UTC from 24-h sessions is reduced by 5% and the WRMS difference w.r.t. the LOD from GPS by up to 12%. The best agreement between Intensives and the reference time series is obtained when using both external gradients from GPS and additionally estimating gradients in the data analysis.     

Movements of the protoplanetary superconducting particles in the magnetic field of the Saturn lead to the origin of the rings

In this letter, we are trying to resolve the electromagnetic problem for the movements of the superconducting particles of the protoplanetary cloud in the magnetic field of Saturn. The force of levitation (Meissner-Ochsenfeld phenomenon) is introduced to the field of planetary science for the first time. It is shown from our theoretical analysis that rings of Saturn might have a superconducting origin, and rings might levitate within magnetic equator plane of the planet.     

省直管市（县）体制下建设用地监管技术研究

面向解决省直体制下市（县）建设用地管理业务监管难度大问题,研究建设用地全过程监管关键技术,设计该模式下的监管模式、技术架构、业务模型和数据模型,实现省直管市（县）模式下的建设用地批前、批中、批后＂批-供-用-补-查-登＂全过程监管。     

国家一等水准网复测高程变化分析及其成果使用

分析国家一等水准网点复测高程的变化量值与分布特征以及导致高程变化的原因，对现有国家水准网点高程的使用提出建议。     

跟踪世界发展动态 致力地球重力场研究

比较系统、扼要地叙述了笔者所在单位40余年来坚持跟踪世界发展动态，致力于地球重力场理论和方法的研究，并从教学和生产需要出发，在地球重力场研究方面所获得的一些有理论意义和实用价值的成果。