华北陆块南、北缘铅锌矿床成矿特征对比

华北陆块北缘是中国重要铅锌成矿带,对其南缘地区铅锌矿的勘查近年进展明显,对比南、北缘成矿地质环境和矿床地质特征,有助于南缘地区铅锌找矿方向的进一步明确。对比分析表明,华北陆块南、北缘地质特征相似:南、北缘印支期铅锌成矿作用都不太发育,均在燕山期铅锌成矿明显;以与岩浆作用有关的接触交代、热液充填和变质热液成矿以及对早先形成的矿床或矿源层的变质改造作用为主,出现斑岩型、矽卡岩型、热液脉型及蚀变岩型等矿床类型;南、北缘铅锌矿都有由"层控"向"岩控"变化的趋势,成矿元素组合也由简单变得复杂。但华北陆块南、北缘不同的地质时代成矿的主导作用有所不同:北缘有太古宙VMS型矿床,而南缘发现的都是中元古代以来的矿床;北缘主要是元古宙和燕山期成矿作用,特别是中元古代Sedex型成矿作用更为显著,形成多个大型-超大型铅锌矿床,而南缘的成矿作用主要发生在古生代和燕山晚期,矿床规模多为中、小型,研究程度相对较低。栾川断裂以北的裂谷系中碳酸盐岩台地沉积有寻找MVT矿床的前景,宽坪岩群分布区可以作为今后寻找Sedex型铅锌矿床的重要地区。     

华北陆块的构造格局及其演化

华北陆块是由陆核→地块(体)→联合地块逐渐生长、增大、拼合形成的。根据大量的地质构造、地层岩石、同位素年代学、含矿特征、地球化学、地球物理等多方面的信息,华北陆块可划分为辽吉、燕辽、阴山、晋冀、豫皖、阿拉善前寒武纪地块和鲁西、胶北前寒武纪地体,鄂尔多斯、华北中新生代盆地,共10个构造单元。华北陆块是多地块拼(缝)合形成。据现有的岩石记录,始太古代-中太古代主要是陆核生成阶段,不排除在早期有绿岩带形成;新太古代主要是花岗岩-绿岩带的生成阶段,花岗岩-绿岩带环绕地核周边形成地块,是华北陆块结晶基底的主要生长时期;古元古代是联合地块的形成阶段,多个地块(体)拼合形成联合地块;中元古代是稳定环境下的拉伸阶段,沿陆块南北两缘形成三大裂谷系(燕辽、狼山—渣尔泰、熊耳山—西阳河);新元古代-古生代陆块形成稳定环境的沉积盖层,除南北两缘外,内部很少有岩浆活动;中-新生代陆块大部分地区为活动大陆边缘的环境,出现大规模的构造-岩浆活动。     

华北地区镍矿床特征及资源潜力

华北地区镍矿床(点)主要分布在内蒙古、河北省及河南省等地,已发现镍矿床(点)19处,其中大型矿床1处,中型矿床3处,小型矿床8处,矿点7处。新元古代和晚古生代是华北地区镍矿床形成的2个高峰期。矿床类型以岩浆型为主,其次为风化壳型和沉积变质型。沉积变质型镍矿床主要产在华北陆块区内,形成环境与裂陷盆地有关;岩浆型和风化壳型镍矿床主要产在克拉通边缘或造山带,形成环境与大陆边缘裂解或后碰撞伸展环境有关。分析认为,华北陆块北缘出露的镁铁质超镁铁质岩、二连贺根山地区蛇绿混杂岩及内蒙古南端秦祁昆造山带寒武系黑色岩系地层,均具有较好的镍矿资源找矿潜力。     

东秦岭－大别山及邻区盆－山系统演化与动力学

东秦岭－大别造山带受不同块体间的拼合碰撞及其之后的陆内变形控制,在造山带边缘和内部形成了不同的盆山系统。造山带北缘响应北秦岭与华北板块的弧陆碰撞及其之后陆内变形作用,形成了后陆逆冲与弧后前陆盆地系统。造山带南缘三叠纪至白垩纪随着扬子板块与秦岭－大别微板块沿勉略缝合带自东向西的斜向俯冲和之后的陆内旋转挤压,在扬子北缘形成了前陆逆冲与周缘前陆盆地系统。自晚侏罗世末至白垩纪造山带挤压与伸展并存,伸展自核部向边缘发展,形成造山带伸展塌陷与近东西向裂谷盆地系统。大致在中始新世之后,受中国东部环太平洋构造带东西向伸展作用和深部构造作用控制,横跨造山带形成近南北向的裂谷盆地。     

华北陆块北缘区域矿床成矿谱系探讨

区域矿床成矿谱系是区域成矿规律研究的重要内容，指一个区域内地质构造环境演化过程中成矿作用的演化及时空结构。在华北陆块北缘划分出18个矿床成矿系列，讨论了它们的分布特点。华北陆块北缘区域矿床成矿谱系证实该区域经历四个主要的地壳演化及成矿时期，依次出现太古宙克拉通矿床、元古宙陆内-陆缘裂陷带矿床、古生代陆间增生褶皱系和陆内盖层矿床、中生代构造-岩浆活动带矿床，存在三个(3000～2500Ma，1900～1400Ma和180～140Ma)成矿作用高峰。成矿谱系指示了从太古宙进入元古宙时，海水和大气的氧化还原电位明显升高的过程。成矿谱系研究意义重大。     

我国前寒武纪非金属矿产的分布及其特征

本文总结了我国前寒武纪非金属矿产的分布和特征,指出菱镁矿、硼矿、磷矿、滑石、石墨等非金属矿产赋存于不同的沉积建造、火山堆积以及不同变质岩系之中,是由古陆块的构造部位所决定的。前寒武纪非金属矿床的成矿作用与大陆地壳演化关系密切,古元古代大陆拼合焊接的造山带和新元古代稳定地块的海相沉积是两个十分重要的非金属矿产成矿构造环境,前者在中国北方（如胶辽裂谷、佳木斯地块）形成菱镁矿、硼矿、滑石矿和石墨矿等矿床,后者在南方（如扬子陆块、苏鲁大别带）主要形成磷矿床。前寒武纪产出大型、超大型非金属矿床数十个,成因类型主要有沉积变质型、岩浆热液型和沉积（弱变质）型,文中着重对硼、石墨、菱镁矿、滑石、磷矿等五个主要矿种的资源分布及矿床地质特征作了叙述。     

华北陆块对Rodinia超大陆的响应及其特征

研究揭示华北陆块1300-1000Ma和800-650Ma都存在比较弱的岩浆-变质事件，它们可能对应于华南陆块的碰撞（四堡运动）和裂解事件。华北陆块的四堡期蛇绿混杂岩可能只见于新元古代秦岭造山带中。秦岭造山带北缘识别出了一些花岗质分清入体，它们具有碰撞或碰撞后花岗岩的特征。华北陆块北缘的火山沉积岩生活费不具有离散边界杂岩的特征，它们可能揭示了大陆边缘或者大陆伸展过程。华北陆块与800-650Ma事件相关的岩石主要为来自富集地幔的基性岩墙和来自陆内裂谷的沉积岩，它们很可能与Rodinia裂解有关。沉积学和古生物学特征表明元古宙华北陆块不同华南陆块，而与西伯利亚陆块相似。据此可以认为华北陆块是Rodinia超大陆的一部分，它位于超大陆的边缘，可以不与华南陆块紧邻，而与西伯利亚陆地较近。     

大别造山带东段扬子陆块和华北陆块间缝合带的位置

大别山为扬子陆块和华北陆块之间的碰撞造山带.构造-岩石单元的岩石组成、同位素年代学资料和构造关系表明, 大别山东段主要由扬子陆块北缘不同变质程度的变质基底和少量浅变质盖层组成, 没有代表蛇绿混杂岩和华北陆块南缘古生代活动大陆边缘的火山-侵入岩建造.各主要构造-岩石单元间的界线为超高压变质岩折返过程中形成的伸展型剪切带, 大别山北部的伸展-逆冲推覆构造也是超高压变质岩折返过程中伸展构造的一部分, 其中不存在具有缝合带意义的重要构造界线.因此, 在大别山东段, 华北陆块和扬子陆块间的缝合带既不是水吼-五河剪切带, 也不是磨子潭-晓天断裂.根据地球物理资料推测, 南北陆块间的缝合带应分布在信阳-舒城断裂的前缘, 但现在覆于合肥盆地中新生代沉积之下.      

华北、华南、塔里木三大陆块中-新元古代岩浆岩的特征及其地质对比意义

我国三个主要的古老陆块(华北、华南和塔里木陆块)都发育中-新元古代岩浆岩。根据大量的同位素年代学资料,华北陆块中-新元古代岩浆事件可以分为7个阶段,其中1.78Ga和1.32Ga两期影响范围较大,可以构成大火成岩省。华北陆块中-新元古代的岩浆岩均形成于大陆地壳伸展的构造背景,意味着华北并未介入Rodinia超大陆的聚合过程。华南陆块中-新元古代岩浆事件可以分为8个阶段,从1.78Ga到1.5Ga的四期岩浆事件形成于大陆地壳伸展的构造背景,1.4Ga左右的一期岩浆-构造事件分布局限,可能形成于局部的构造拼合背景。1.0Ga左右的岩浆事件,在华南陆块的不同部位表现形式不同,意味着发生过不同地块的拼合。从0.95Ga到0.82Ga的岩浆事件主要分布在江南造山带和扬子地块北缘,这一阶段的岩浆事件导致扬子地块和华夏地块拼接成一体,形成华南陆块。之后从0.78Ga到0.72Ga的岩浆事件几乎遍布华南陆块,反映了陆块形成后的伸展过程。塔里木陆块中-新元古代的岩浆事件可以分为8个阶段,1.78Ga和1.5Ga的岩浆事件仅在局部有反映,它们形成于拉伸的构造背景。1.4Ga的岩浆事件在塔里木陆块的北缘和西南缘表现形式不同,北缘钙碱性岩浆岩形成于大陆弧构造背景,而西南缘A2型花岗岩则形成于拉伸的构造背景。0.96～0.88Ga期间,塔里木东南缘和北缘的花岗岩以I型和S型为特点,形成于活动大陆边缘,而在塔里木陆块的西南缘该时期则形成了塞拉加兹塔格群中双峰式火山岩,形成于陆内裂谷环境。0.88～0.82Ga期间,在北缘的库鲁克塔格地区形成了与俯冲增生相关的岩浆岩组合,而在东南缘则形成了与拉张构造环境有关的双峰式火山岩。塔里木陆块不同部位,不同阶段岩浆岩组合的差异意味着塔里木陆块原来并不是一个统一的陆块,很可能是在不同时期由不同块体拼合而成的。华北、华南和塔里木三个陆块中-新元古代岩浆岩的差异演化,揭示了它们各自形成陆块的过程和方式及相互关系     

古元古代-中国重要的成矿期

古元古代是中国十分重要的成矿期,矿种多、成矿规模大、矿床类型复杂。与太古宙相比,古元古代构造体制发生了本质的变化,由太古宙全活动体制转换为活动带和稳定地块并存的构造格局,因而其成矿特征与太古宙有明显差别。太古宙成矿主要与绿岩带有关,相应形成铁、金、铜锌等矿床。在古元古代,与成矿有关的构造环境主要是与拉伸、裂陷和伸展活动有关的裂谷环境,其次为活动大陆边缘裂谷及弧后盆地和被动大陆边缘盆地,有少部分与伸展构造有关,产在深大断裂带中的矿床。因而古元古代成矿是以裂谷、裂陷为主的成矿体系。在古元古代形成华北陆块北缘东段辽吉与古元古代裂谷作用有关的硼、铁、菱镁矿、滑石、铅锌、铜镍、岫玉等矿床成矿系列、华北陆块南缘中条山-王屋山与古元古代裂谷作用有关的铜矿床成矿系列、佳木斯微陆块与古元古代沉积变质作用有关的石墨、金矿床成矿系列等11个主要矿床成矿系列。相应大规模成矿的有铁、铜、金、铅锌、金红石、钛铁矿等金属矿床及石墨、菱镁矿、硼、滑石等非金属矿床。就是同一种矿产,与太古宙相比,矿床类型也有明显差别,如条带状铁建造(BIF)型铁矿,在太古宙为阿尔戈马型,而古元古代则以苏必利尔湖型为主。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of