西藏措勤盆地中侏罗世-早白垩世沉积充填特征

位于班公湖-怒江缝合带与雅鲁藏布江缝合带之间的措勤盆地,在中侏罗世-早白垩世期间具有以且坎-古昌-阿索裂谷带为沉积、沉降中心向南北两侧展开的古地理格局：①中晚侏罗世时期,裂谷带内由深水浊积岩、放射虫硅质岩和浅水碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩岩片及基性-超基性岩等组成;裂谷带两侧由滨浅海相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩组成。该期盆地古地理演化具有先变深后变浅的沉积序列。②早白垩世早中期,裂谷带内仍由基性-超基性岩、深水复理石碎屑岩及放射虫硅质岩和浅水碳酸盐岩及碎屑岩组成;裂谷带两侧的日松-革吉-它日错分区主要由浅海相碎屑岩和灰岩组成;盆地南北部的措勤-申扎分区和木嘎岗日分区主要由滨岸．三角洲相碎屑岩及火山岩组成。各相带在纵向上均具有向上变深沉积序列。③早白垩世晚期,盆地以台地相碳酸盐岩沉积为主,裂谷带附近以发育台地边缘礁滩相沉积;裂谷带两侧的日松-革吉-它日错分区主要由开阔台地相灰岩组成;盆地南北部的措勤-申扎分区和木嘎岗日分区由局限台地相灰岩和陆源进积碎屑岩组成。     

西藏措勤盆地中侏罗世-早白垩世沉积充填特征

位于班公湖-怒江缝合带与雅鲁藏布江缝合带之间的措勤盆地,在中侏罗世-早白垩世期间具有以且坎-古昌-阿索裂谷带为沉积、沉降中心向南北两侧展开的古地理格局:①中晚侏罗世时期,裂谷带内由深水浊积岩、放射虫硅质岩和浅水碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩岩片及基性-超基性岩等组成;裂谷带两侧由滨浅海相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩组成.该期盆地古地理演化具有先变深后变浅的沉积序列.②早白垩世早中期,裂谷带内仍由基性-超基性岩、深水复理石碎屑岩及放射虫硅质岩和浅水碳酸盐岩及碎屑岩组成;裂谷带两侧的日松-革吉-它日错分区主要由浅海相碎屑岩和灰岩组成;盆地南北部的措勤-申扎分区和木嘎岗日分区主要由滨岸-三角洲相碎屑岩及火山岩组成.各相带在纵向上均具有向上变深沉积序列.③早白垩世晚期,盆地以台地相碳酸盐岩沉积为主,裂谷带附近以发育台地边缘礁滩相沉积;裂谷带两侧的日松-革吉-它日错分区主要由开阔台地相灰岩组成;盆地南北部的措勤-申扎分区和木嘎岗日分区由局限台地相灰岩和陆源进积碎屑岩组成.     

措勤盆地下白垩统郎山组生物礁的平面分布特征及意义探讨

措勤盆地生物礁的分布有一定规律性,现今发现的8个生物礁剖面均分布于且坎-古昌-罗波-当穹错断裂两侧。结合该断裂带出现的放射虫硅质岩沉积和火山岩堆积,推测该断裂带不仅为控相断裂,而且曾经有深水沉积,由于后期的再次活动而消失于断裂带内部。断裂带两侧的生物礁应为台地边缘礁。     

冈底斯弧弧后早白垩世裂谷作用的沉积学证据

冈底斯弧弧后地区早白垩世地层的一个显著特点是 ,由下而上普遍从陆相 -海陆交互相碎屑岩变化为海相碳酸盐岩。该地区在早白垩世中期开始了广泛的海侵 ,沉积范围由早期仅局限于班公湖 -怒江缝合带附近而扩展至羌塘地体南缘和拉萨地体 ,沉积了巨厚的台地相灰岩 ;与塔里木南部和思茅地区同期海平面变化非常不同 ,那里在晚白垩世才出现海侵。砂岩组分研究显示 ,早白垩世早期碎屑物源主要来自北侧的造山带 ,向上则逐步受到南侧火山弧的控制。在海侵层系的下部 ,发现了丰富的双峰型火山岩和双峰式火山岩碎屑。因而推断该区在早白垩世发生了强烈的裂谷沉降作用。与此同时的在印度和巴基斯坦境内的 L adakh- Kohistan弧后裂谷作用还形成了具有洋壳基底的Shyok边缘海。因此 ,在早中白垩世 ,欧亚大陆南缘为西太平洋型的活动大陆边缘 ,因强烈的弧后裂谷作用产生了一系列边缘海盆地 ;在包括青藏高原南部在内的欧亚大陆南缘 ,既没有构造动力、也没有古地理和古地形证据支持在早白垩世末 ( 99Ma± )即出现强烈的抬升。     

塔里木盆地北部坳陷震旦纪-奥陶纪大陆裂谷性质及其演化

塔里木盆地北部坳陷是在前震旦纪结晶基底之上发育起来的大陆裂谷盆地,始于早震旦世,结束于晚奥陶世.裂谷的轴部自西向东由阿瓦提凹陷、满加尔凹陷、英吉苏凹陷(包括库鲁克塔格南区)组成,向东延伸到罗布泊以东地区.裂谷轴部与地幔隆起带和高磁异常带相对应.裂谷东部主要以半深海-深海相的浊积岩、放射虫硅质岩和笔石页岩为特征,裂谷西部和翼部则以浅水盆地相和台地相的碳酸盐为特征.裂谷早期的火山岩主要分布于中东部的切谷内,具有双峰式火山岩的特征,玄武岩属低硅高钛富碱型.据区域动力学背景、沉积特征、沉降速率,将裂谷演化划分为幼年期,成年期和衰亡期3个阶段.     

西藏北部申扎地区的海相白垩系

在藏北申扎地区塔尔玛-新吉中新生代沉积盆地北缘发现一套厚1 000 m灰岩夹碎屑岩岩段。岩层呈近东西向展布,南部两侧均被断层所切割,未见顶底。其内含较丰富的早白垩世海相动物化石,在这个地区尚属首次发现,确定了1∶25万申扎县幅内及周边地区有早白垩世的海相地层的存在,为研究班戈—怒江缝合带和雅江缝合带构造格局提供了新材料。     

华南新元古代裂谷盆地演化

沉积学研究表明,华南新元古代沉积盆地具典型裂谷盆地沉积演化特征.代表裂谷盆地早期形成阶段的成因相组合有冲洪积相组合、陆相(或海相)火山岩及火山碎屑岩相组合、滨浅海相沉积组合、淹没碳酸盐台地及欠补偿盆地黑色页岩相组合;而代表中、后期形成阶段的成因相组合有滨岸边缘相至深海相组合,冰期冰积岩相组合、碳酸盐岩及碳硅质细碎屑岩相组合.华南裂谷盆地岩相古地理演化经历了5个重要的时期,整体上反映了一个由陆变海、由地堑-地垒相间盆地变广海盆地、由浅海变深海、盆地由小变大的演化过程.裂谷盆地的形成经历了裂谷基的形成、地幔柱作用与裂谷体的形成、被动沉降(下拗)与裂谷盖的形成三个阶段.华南裂谷盆地的形成演化与Rodinia超大陆在新元古代时期的裂解作用密切相关,它是超大陆解体过程的一个重要组成部分.     

南天山大山口下石炭统野云沟组碳酸盐岩岩石学特征及沉积相分析

南天山和静县大山口剖面石炭系野云沟组发育齐全,出露完好,主要由碳酸盐岩及少量碎屑岩组成,总厚度为696.8 m.岩石类型以碳酸盐岩为主,主要包括砾屑灰岩、含陆源碎屑鲕粒灰岩、生物碎屑微晶灰岩、含陆源碎屑砂屑灰岩、微晶灰岩及泥晶灰岩等.野云沟组主要为斜坡相和盆地相沉积,少量为碳酸盐台地相沉积.斜坡相主要发育砾屑灰岩、薄层...     

安徽泾县-南陵地区二叠纪沉积相与沉积环境分析

安徽泾县—南陵地区二叠系较发育,主要由碳酸盐岩、硅质岩和碎屑岩组成。二叠系船山组为浅水碳酸盐台地相;栖霞组底部碎屑岩段是滨海沼泽相,臭灰岩段和上、下富硅质灰岩段是水体较深的斜坡中部相,中部灰岩段是浅水开阔碳酸盐台地相,而顶部灰岩段是缓斜坡上部相;孤峰组和大隆组是缺氧滞流环境下的深水盆地至盆地边缘相;武穴组是碳酸盐台地相,银屏组属于滨海潟湖相;龙潭组是一套海陆交互的三角洲相沉积,包括从三角洲前缘到三角洲平原两个亚相,而泾县昌桥龙潭组顶部发育的生物碎屑灰岩属于开阔碳酸盐台地相。纵观二叠纪有三次大的海侵和两次大的海退旋回,海侵时间分别是:栖霞早期、茅口早期和长兴早期,海退时间分别是:紫松—隆林期末和茅口期末,其中栖霞期还包含两个海侵海退的亚旋回。     

下扬子盆地石炭纪的岩石学特征及沉积相

位于扬子板块东部的下扬子盆地，在石炭纪时，为被动大陆边缘的陆表海沉积，陆源碎屑来自于北边的胶南古陆和南边的江南古陆东延部分─—皖浙赣古陆。石炭系分为上、下两统。早石炭世，盆地南部宣城、广德等地主要发育碎屑岩，中部巢县、南京一带以及北部滨海、洪泽一带为碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩沉积。从南往北，金陵期从滨岸碎屑岩相→开阔海台地碳酸盐岩相→潮坪碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩相；高骊山期为滨岸平原沼泽碎屑岩相→浅海陆棚碎屑岩相→海岸萨布哈白云岩、石膏、碎屑岩相；和州期盆地南部隆起，中部到北部为礁及礁后泻湖一潮坪碳酸盐岩相→开阔海台地碳酸盐相。晚石炭世主要是碳酸盐沉积，黄龙期从滨岸石英砾岩相→潮坪白云岩相→开阔海台地碳酸盐岩相；船山期是黄龙期开阔海台地碳酸盐岩相的继续，以发育核形石生物碎屑颗粒岩为特征。整个盆地的岩相带均以ＮＥＥ—ＮＥ方向展布。     

Bilelyeri Group, Antalya Complex: deposition on a Mesozoic passive continental margin, south-west Turkey

The Bilelyeri Group comprises complexly deformed Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of continental-margin affinities (Kumluca Zone). These are structurally intercalated between a coeval carbonate platform to the west (Bey Daǧlari Zone) and late Triassic ophiolitic rocks and sediments, interpreted as emplaced marginal oceanic crust, to the east (Gödene Zone). Four formations erected in the Bilelyeri Group record the later stages of continental rifting and the progressive development of part of a Mesozoic passive continental margin. The two late Triassic formations, the Telekta? Tepe and the Hatipalani Formations, are dominated by terrigenous clastic and calcareous clastic sediments, including large detached blocks of reef limestone. These rocks were laid down by mostly mass-flow and turbidity-flow into steep-sided rift depressions. Organic reefs were constructed in bordering shallow seas while terrigenous clastic sediment was shed from exposed basement horsts. Thick sequences of mafic lavas were extruded (Norian) in axial parts of the rift zones, followed by a regional change to deposition of pelagic Halobia-bearing limestone. This culminated in a major hiatus involving large-scale sliding of shallow-water limestones into deeper water. The Jurassic to early Cretaceous Dereköy Formation mostly consists of siltstones, radiolarian cherts and mudstones, intercalated with redeposited limestones and black shales. During this time parts of the margin were bordered by major offshore carbonate complexes constructed partly on basement fragments previously rifted off the parent continental areas. Black shales and reduced hemipelagic sediments were deposited in an elongate trough between the main platform and an offshore complex to the east. Some degree of margin reactivation in the early Cretaceous is indicated by renewed deposition of turbiditic sandstone and chloritic clays in some distal sequences. Strong relative enrichment of manganese in some horizons is attributed to offshore volcanic exhalations. Subsequent regional subsidence in the mid-to late Cretaceous is suggested by a switch to predominantly calcareous, pelagic sedimentation on the adjacent platform and the offshore massifs as well as on the Bilelyeri margin. Tectonic disruption of the platform edge during the late Cretaceous is implied by major redeposition of shallow-water shelf limestones in proximal Bilelyeri sequences. The Bilelyeri margin and the adjacent Gödene Zone were tectonically deformed in latest Cretaceous to early Tertiary time and were thrust over the adjacent Bey Daǧlari platform in the early Miocene. Viewed in an East Mediterranean perspective, the Bilelyeri sequences were part of a locally north-south trending segment of a regionally east-west margin to a substantial oceanic area further south. This segment apparently suffered significant strike-slip deformation both during its construction and its later emplacement. Instructive comparisons can be made with other areas of the East Mediterranean, especially south-west Cyprus.     

渭北奥陶系的放射虫燧石岩

渭北奥陶系的放射虫燧石岩是在稳定的华北地台上形成的远洋沉积.它们产在赵老峪组深水碳酸盐地层的下部,并以层位稳定、纹层发育、富含放射虫骨骼、成岩交代组构清楚,以及在剖面上与薄层的硅质页岩呈韵律互层等为等征,表明是深水的放射虫软泥在成岩作用早期由生物蛋白石经溶解-再沉淀反应快速转变而成.这种产在地台上的远洋沉积虽不多见,却是海平面大规模上升及其伴生的重大地质事件的反映.渭北放射虫燧石岩的时代相当于中奥陶世卡拉道克期.当时正值全球性海平面上升,秦岭古海盆也在发生强烈扩张与俯冲,因此,华北地台南缘下沉,使渭北地区变成了弧后深水盆地的北部边缘.当时研究区的古地理位置也恰好处于低纬度的赤道附近.这些都为放射虫燧石岩的堆积提供了有利的条件.由于当时钙质浮游生物尚未大量兴起,所以其沉积作用不受CCD的控制,水深较之现代的类似物可能要浅得多.     

Tithonian–Early Valanginian evolution of deposition along the proto-Caribbean margin of North America recorded in Guaniguanico successions (western Cuba)

In the Guaniguanico Mountains of western Cuba, the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous limestones occur in three stratigraphic successions, which have accumulated along the proto-Caribbean margin of North America. The Late Jurassic subsidence and shallow-water carbonate deposition of the Guaniguanico successions have no counterpart on the northeastern Maya block, but some distant similarities with the southeastern Gulf of Mexico may exist. Four facies types have been distinguished in the Tithonian–Lower Valanginian deposits of the Guaniguanico tectonic units. Drowning of the Late Jurassic carbonate bank of the Sierra de los Organos occurred at the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary. During this boundary interval, sedimentation in the west Cuban area and southwestern margin of the Maya block (Mexico) has evolved in a similar way in response to a major second-order transgression.The Lower Tithonian ammonite assemblages of the Guaniguanico successions indicate, in general, the neritic zone. Presence of juvenile gastropods and lack of adult specimens suggest unfavorable environment for these molluscs, probably related to low oxygenation levels. The Early Tithonian transgressive phase terminated about the lower boundary of the Chitinoidella Zone. The Late Tithonian “regressive” phase is weakly marked, whereas the latest Tithonian–earliest Berriasian strata were deposited during a deepening phase. The latter transgressive phase has ended in the Late Berriasian Oblonga Subzone. We correlate the bioturbated pelagic biomicrites of the Tumbitas Member of the Guasasa Formation with a significant fall of the sea level during the latest Berriasian–Early Valanginian. The average sedimentation rate for the Tumbitas Member biomicrites was about three times faster than for the Berriasian Tumbadero Member limestones. Sedimentation rates for the Tumbitas Member and the Valanginian limestones at the DSDP Site 535 in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico were similar. In the Los Organos succession, the Late Valanginian transgressive interval is associated with radiolarian limestones and black chert interbeds in the lower part of the Pons Formation. In the Southern Rosario succession, the pelagic limestones pass into the radiolarian cherts of the Santa Teresa Formation indicating a proximity of CCD during Late Valanginian–Hauterivian times.     

思茅地块西缘大凹子组地层序列及地质时代

目前关于思茅地块西缘大凹子组的形成时代仍有分歧.在思茅地块西缘大中河剖面采集了硅质岩、砂岩、凝灰岩和玄武岩,通过放射虫组合和锆石U-Pb年龄方法,厘定其地质时代,并结合区域资料恢复地层序列.通过详细剖面实测,发现该剖面由6个地层断片组成:第一、四断片以含放射虫硅质岩为特征,放射虫组合指示其时代为晚泥盆世至早石炭世早期;第二、五断片以火山碎屑岩、具有鲍玛序列沉积特征的火山碎屑沉积岩为主,锆石U-Pb同位素年龄指示其时代为志留纪中期至早泥盆世;第三、六断片以火山岩沉积为特征,锆石U-Pb同位素年龄指示其时代为志留纪早期.结合前人资料认为思茅地块西缘分布的海相火山岩、碎屑岩和含放射虫硅质岩地层层序代表了志留纪到早石炭世早期的岛弧火山-沉积地层序列.      

Jurassic and Early Cretaceous Radiolarians of Siliceous Sequences of the Vaamychgyn–Podgornaya Interfluve,Econai Zone,Koryak Highland

The assemblages of the Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Pliensbachian) and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (Tithonian–Berriasian) radiolarians were described for the first time in the eastern part of the Ekonai Zone of the Koryak Highland. The Hettangian–Pliensbachian assemblage was found in siliceous rocks of the Ionai Nappe and this finding expands the stratigraphic interval of its siliceous sequences from the Carboniferous to the Early Jurassic. The Tithonian–Berriasian assemblage was found in volcanosiliceous rocks of the Yanranai accretionary complex. Both assemblages contain taxa abundant in the Tethyan regions.     

Upper Jurassic Rock Depositional Settings in the Baidar Valley and Evolution of the Crimean Carbonate Platform

The paper presents results of the lithological study of Upper Jurassic limestones, flyschoids and limestone breccias on the southern side of the Baidar Valley in the Crimean Mountains. Study of the microfacies revealed that the limestones are represented by deposits on lagoons, platform edge shoals, reefs, and forereef aprons on the carbonate platform slope. Flyschoids include deposits in the distributive turbidite channels and hemipelagic sediments in the deep-water part of the basin. Limestone breccias were formed by gravitation flows on the carbonate platform toe-of-slope and slope. The presence of gravitation deposits in the Upper Jurassic carbonate complexes of the Crimean Mountains can testify to the primary clinoform structure of this sedimentary sequence. Comparison of the obtained sedimentological data made it possible to reconstruct the facies model of the Crimean carbonate platform and main episodes of its formation. Development of the carbonate shelf was related to two transgressive-regressive cycles. A dome-shaped reef was formed away from the coast at the initial (Oxfordian) stage. The carbonate platform was formed at the early Kimmeridgian lowstand stage when sediments were deposited in the internal part of the platform adjacent to land. In the late Kimmeridgian and early Tithonian, configuration of the carbonate platform profile resembled a distally steepened ramp, and its active progradation and shelf expansion took place in the course of transgression. Regression in the late Tithonian–early Berriasian led to regressive transformation of the ramp into platform with a flattened shallow-water shelf. Tectonic deformations at the Jurassic/Cretaceous transition promoted the formation of megabreccias on the carbonate platform foreslope. The tectonically reworked rock sequence of the “extinct” carbonate platform was overlapped transgressively by the upper Berriasian or lower Valanginian, relatively deep-water deposits of the Cretaceous platform cover.     

广西晚古生代构造沉积背景的初步研究

广西西部存在晚古生代连续深海沉积,其中各个时代玄武岩广泛分布,具大洋板内地化特征。桂西和柳州地区晚古生代硅质岩有明显的铈负异常,指示本区可能属远洋沉积环境。狭窄的深水地层条带具强烈的构造形变,所环绕的碳酸盐台地却产状平缓。区域地质分析表明,广西在晚古生代可能代表扬子和印支地块之间的古特提斯水道,碳酸盐台地可能为广海中的水下高地。     

青藏高原北羌塘地区晚三叠世地层展布和沉积型式

北羌塘盆地地处拉竹龙-金沙江缝合带和双湖构造混杂岩带之间,自北向南可划分出5个沉积相带/岩石地层单位：以砂泥质复理石-洋岛、岛弧型火山岩-大理岩岩石组合沉积为特征的若拉岗日群,以深水复理石盆地相沉积为特征的藏夏河组,以深水暗色细碎屑岩盆地相沉积为特征的结扎群,以开阔台地相/缓坡相碳酸盐岩沉积为特征的菊花山组,以三角洲相含煤碎屑岩系沉积为特征的土门格拉群.晚三叠世北羌塘盆地显示为南缓北陡的箕状沉积格局,盆地内充填物为南薄北厚的楔形沉积体,且双物源、沉降中心和沉积中心不一致,表明其具有前陆盆地的一系列沉积特征.     

西藏南部晚侏罗世—白垩纪沉积与构造背景探讨

根据岩石组合特征、沉积构造和沉积相序的分析,结合岩石化学测试数据和粒度分析结果,将西藏南部的晚侏罗世一白垩纪地层划分为5个沉积区,从南往北依次为:喜马拉雅陆棚-外陆棚沉积区;拉轨岗日斜坡沉积区;雅鲁藏布深海盆地沉积区;日喀则弧前盆地沉积区;拉萨弧间盆地沉积区。进一步确定了西藏南部沉积与构造演化的时空关系。