松辽盆地南部海坨子油田特低渗透储层裂缝识别及预测模型

海坨子油田属于特低渗透裂缝性油藏,其开发实践表明:微裂缝为流体渗流的主要通道,能否准确描述储层中裂缝分布形态,直接关系到油藏开发效果。本文以钻井取心资料、成像测井资料及铸体薄片分析资料为基础,对海坨子油田储层中微裂缝的形成机理、形态及产状特征进行了研究,得到了裂缝描述的详细参数,并形成了一套适用于该类型油藏微裂缝系统描述及有效识别的方法。以此为基础,利用随机建模的方法,建立了海坨子油田海21-4试验区微裂缝的分布DFN模型,预测了裂缝的分布密度、分布方位及裂缝大小,为油藏数值模拟双重介质模型的建立提供了基础。     

红连油田红南9块沉积微相研究

从区域地质背景出发,结合岩心、测井等资料,通过岩相类型、粒度分析、测井相分析等对沉积相标志进行了综合研究.认为该区主要发育浅水辫状河三角洲沉积,其中,分流河道、心滩、分流河道间、水下分流河道、分支间湾、前缘席状砂、河口坝等7种微相较为发育.对不同的沉积微相特征进行了分析,并建立了该区沉积相模式,为油藏的勘探开发提供了重...     

基于沉积微相控制的剩余油分布定量研究——以下二门油田下层系为例

随着下二门油田开发的逐渐深入,下层系的剩余油研究和沉积微相研究也取得了极大的进展.在充分把握该层系沉积微相特征及剩余油分布的基础之上,将剩余油分布三维空间模型与沉积微相的空间展布模型结合起来,对不同沉积相带的剩余油从剩余地质储量、剩余储量丰度、剩余油饱和度进行定量统计分析,进一步探讨沉积微相跟剩余油分布的定量关系.该研究对预测剩余油分布及制定合理的挖潜对策,提高油藏开发效率及最终提高石油采收率具有重要的指导意义,并且其研究思路和方法可适用于其它同类油藏.     

斯伦贝谢推出新型微地震地表采集系统

斯伦贝谢近日推出了其研制的新型微地震地表采集系统,可在地表和近地表条件下对水力压裂作业的微地震事件进行监测。斯伦贝谢在该系统中使用了其专利检波器加速器和超低噪电子配件,有效扩大了微地震信号探测范围,较常规系统能采集到更多微地震波,可更好了解水力压裂作业情况。公司在美国得克萨斯州页岩区的一口水平井对该系统进行了测试,结果表明,新系统的信噪比是常规系统的两倍以上,且对较小微地震波的响应更灵敏。     

基于GIS的农村乡镇污染企业环境监测系统的设计

研究主要是以Visual studio 2005为开发平台,结合GIS组件和GPRS/CDMA宽带通讯技术进行农村环境监测系统二次开发.系统由水质自动监测系统、空气质量监测系统、噪音监测系统、和监测中心4部分组成.它具有样品自动采样、污染因子在线临测、农村污染源排放总量监测、数据自动传输和汇总分析等功能.     

天津海域遥感图像解译应用系统

在对多源遥感数据处理、地物特征识别与解译、专题信息提取等方法研究的基础上,开发了天津海域遥感图像解译应用系统,并在天津市海岸线和海岸带变化监测、海域环境遥感监测等方面进行了示范应用;系统对提高海洋管理工作的科学性和信息的时效性,具有重要的理论和应用价值。     

北黄海长山群岛外海底环状微洼地地貌特征

得益于多波束测深系统对海底精细地形特征的展现能力,2011年在长山群岛南侧进行的多波束水深调查中一种特殊的环状微洼地地貌引起了调查人员的注意,该地貌形态与以往报道的海底侵蚀坑槽和洼地有很大的不同,且成群密集分布。本文依据多波束调查数据对环状微洼地的具体形态和地貌特征进行了详细描述,将环状微洼地分为3种不同的类型,并利用地形地貌分析手段,结合收集的地质环境资料对该地貌的成因进行探讨,认为该地貌形态应与海底浅层气体或油气泄漏有关,且后期受到水动力的改造。     

海床基海洋环境自动监测系统的研究

介绍了一种适用于在浅海(水深100m以内)工作的海床基海洋环境自动监测系统的工作原理和组成.对水下集成监测平台、数据采集和传输、系统布放回收等关键技术进行了深入研究并开发了海床基监测系统工程样机.系统结合水声通讯与卫星通讯技术实现了水下监测数据的实时传输;在水下集成平台的设计上采取了防拖网、防泥沙等安全性和环境适应性措...     

东海赤潮遥感自动监测系统开发与应用

赤潮是最严重的海洋灾害之一,它不仅破坏海洋渔业生产、恶化海洋环境、影响滨海旅游业,而且还会影响人类健康。卫星遥感技术具有覆盖范围广、重复率高、成本低廉等优势,近年来已成为赤潮监测不可或缺的重要手段。本研究利用C++语言建立了一套赤潮遥感监测系统。该系统能自动接收和处理遥感数据,并利用赤潮水体的光谱和固有光学量特征自动提取赤潮信息。在实际业务化应用中,该系统被国家监测部门采用,在2013年4月至9月东海赤潮高发期间,该系统制作了55期赤潮遥感监测产品,用于指导船舶现场监测工作,取得了良好的应用效果。利用本系统对近年来东海发生的27次大型赤潮事件进行了发生位置和面积的提取,并与现场观测结果进行比较。结果显示,系统对大部分赤潮范围的识别有较好的效果,对赤潮识别准确度大概在80%左右。     

喇嘛甸油田北块萨零组储层沉积微相

喇嘛甸油田位于大庆长垣的最北端,是受构造控制的不对称的短轴背斜气顶油藏,萨零组位于萨尔图油层的顶部,属于下白垩统的嫩一段.根据取心井岩心描述、粒度分析、测井曲线特征,结合喇嘛甸油田沉积背景,对萨零组北块储层的沉积微相进行精细划分,进一步划分为水下分流河道、席状砂、表外储层微相,认为主要储层砂体为水下分流河道砂和席状砂.详细分析了沉积微相的平面展布特征,绘制沉积相带图.揭示了喇嘛甸油田的构造特征、沉积环境特征,确定了萨零组为三角洲外前缘沉积,为指导萨零组油气层的开发提供精细地质描述.     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.