透视投影下的月面撞击坑地形恢复算法研究

针对嫦娥三号将携带巡视器在月面展开科学探测任务过程中对高精度撞击坑地形的需求,提出了透视投影下基于SFS的月面撞击坑地形恢复算法。采用Lommel-Seeliger反射模型模拟月表反射,得到透视投影下的反射方程,通过撞击坑边缘点梯度约束以及地形表面连续性约束,将反射方程正则化,最终通过求解,实现了撞击坑在透视投影下的三维恢复。采用模拟影像和真实月面影像对算法的正确性和可行性进行了测试。实验表明,所提出的算法能够有效的进行透视投影下的撞击坑地形恢复,且精度高于现有SFS算法。     

《基于明暗恢复形状的月面地形恢复》内容简介

正探月工程是中华民族历史上重大的科技工程之一。为了实现探月二期的科学与工程目标、保障月面巡视探测器安全的路径规划和实施高效的科学探测,着陆区和巡视探测区高精度的地形信息将发挥至关重要的作用。本书结合下降序列影像匹配与基于明暗恢复形状(SFS)技术完成三维地形恢复算法。算法提出了SFS反射方程的特征边缘约束条件,并以下降序列影像得到的匹配点作为控制点,对     

单张影像月球着陆区选取技术

提出了一种基于单张影像的月球着陆区快速选取方法.首先在分析月面光照成像模型基础上,提出了一种新的改进的光照模型和一个新的约束条件,采用明暗恢复形状(SFS)算法得到月面3维形貌;然后综合影像和得到的3维形貌,计算月面地形粗糙度,采用两步筛选的方法,选取着陆区域.实验结果表明,该方法较好地实现了着陆区的选取.     

基于特征匹配的月球撞击坑自动提取研究

本文提出了一种基于特征匹配的撞击坑自动提取算法,该算法以单个撞击坑的5个典型影像特征为依据,用最大类间方差法将月面影像分割为暗区、亮区和背景3类;再使用区域生长将离散点聚合,通过特征匹配找出属于同一撞击坑的暗区与亮区,并利用八方向Sobel算子获取边缘控制点并拟合边缘。经过"嫦娥一号"和"嫦娥二号"部分遥感影像的验证,该算法对于纬度较高地区的月面影像提取效果较好,已成功应用到数字月球平台进行全月展示。     

融合嫦娥一号CCD影像与DEM数据的月球撞击坑自动提取和识别

针对现阶段月球撞击坑定量信息提取不足和误提取的问题,本文提出了一种融合CCD影像和DEM数据进行撞击坑的自动提取及识别的算法。（1）在太阳光照下,撞击坑的影像特征满足特定的规律,通过条件匹配在CCD影像中提取撞击坑;（2）在DEM中,利用撞击坑坑壁点的坡向值的连续性,对影像中误提取的撞击坑进行剔除;（3）在DEM中,利用撞击坑边缘点法向量的突变性,提取撞击坑边缘点并进行拟合,计算撞击坑的参数,通过坑底点云所占比例以及剖面线特征识别撞击坑的类型。经过“嫦娥一号”影像与DEM数据的验证,该算法在高纬度月球撞击坑分布均匀的区域应用效果较好。     

嫦娥一号DEM数据月表撞击坑自动检测

基于嫦娥一号数字高程模型(DEM)数据,利用地形信息参数来描述月表撞击坑的边缘轮廓特征,采用Hough变换检测方法提取了月表撞击坑。将该方法应用于克拉维乌斯(Klavius)撞击坑的周围区域,在DEM数据500 m空间分辨率下,不考虑退化严重的撞击坑时,检测百分比D=90%,分支系数B=0.30,质量百分比Q=71%,在考虑退化严重的撞击坑时,D=71%,B=0.30,Q=58%;研究表明该算法对没有退化或轻微退化的撞击坑有很好检测效果。与基于影像数据月表撞击坑自动检测的研究进行比较,本文给出的算法具有更高的检测精度,同时虚假检测较少。证明该方法用于月表撞击坑的自动检测是可行的。     

嫦娥二号影像密集匹配及DEM制作方法

嫦娥二号卫星搭载了一台两线阵CCD立体相机,以线阵推扫成像方式获取了覆盖全月球的7 m分辨率影像。与嫦娥一号影像相比,影像分辨率大大提高,月表地貌细节更加丰富,制作高分辨率月表DEM更加复杂而困难,现有的基于嫦娥影像制作方法难以满足应用需求。针对嫦娥二号影像特点,在基于RPC模型生成近似核线影像基础上,进行金字塔影像匹配,实现了原始影像的逐像素匹配;计算匹配点的月面坐标后,采用基于反距离插值方法生成月表三维地形;对于图像阴影等地形漏洞,采用基于径向基函数进行插值填补。试验结果表明,该方法生成的月表三维地形DEM数据,能准确真实地表达高分辨率的月表地形地貌细节,并较好地应用于嫦娥二号全月球三维地形DEM数据产品的生产任务中。     

面向复杂坡面地形航摄的无人机优视航摄面提取算法研究

针对自然坡面、人工边坡及滑坡、崩塌地带等复杂坡面地形研究提取一种与复杂坡面地形相适应的无人机优视航摄面,用来解决无人机影像数据采集过程中分辨率不均及采集精度不均的问题。文中通过研究坡面DEM的地细节化处理方法、简化模型顶点聚类、基于法矢约束的样点采样算法以及空间平面处理算法,实现了优视航摄优视面的计算提取。     

利用改进的SUSAN算法提取航空影像中孤立的特征点

本文针对地形起伏较大、无明显建筑物的航空影像,分析了SUSAN算法角点检测理论,提出一种提取孤立特征点的方法.该方法先对图像进行梯度幅值运算,然后对梯度幅值进行Otsu法阈值分割,设计模板并对孤立特征点进行套合,最后利用SUSAN算法计算原始影像的角点初始响应,经过非极大值抑制提取孤立特征点.经实骑证明,与传统的Har...     

嫦娥一号三线阵CCD数据摄影测量处理及全月球数字地形图

CCD立体相机是搭载在嫦娥一号探测器上的主要载荷之一,用于获取空间分辨率为120m的前视、正视与后视3个不同视角的月表三线阵遥感影像数据。嫦娥一号共获取1000多轨图像数据,本文筛选其中的628轨影像制作了全月地形数据。采用SIFT特征匹配和最小二乘匹配结合的方法有效解决了月面纹理匮乏、低反照率、低对比度月球影像匹配的技术难题,匹配精度约0.3个像素;采用独立模型区域网平差法解决了CE-1三线阵影像的测区平差、全月球平差、无控制点月面定位等一系列关键技术问题。在此基础上,制作了全月球数字地形图,平面位置精度和高程精度分别为192m(1σ)和120m(1σ)。地形图地形细节表达层次分明、清晰可辨,能清晰分辨出撞击坑底部、撞击坑或山脉侧壁、月海平面等月面地形特征的详细细节。通过比较,全月球数字地形图数据在数据覆盖和完整性、平面位置精度、高程精度、空间分辨率等方面均明显好于国际现有全月球数字地形数据。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。