整体性治理视角下福建省海洋管理体制改革深化路径

党的十九届四中全会将深化行政管理体制改革摆在了新时代治国理政的重要位置,成为推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化需要高度关注的一项研究议题。“深化”是“中国之治”重大命题之下海洋行政管理体制改革的核心要义,改革开放以来,福建省海洋管理体系经历了从海洋分散管理到海洋综合管理,再到海洋管理分散化的过程,多年的改革,使海洋治理的体系和能力得到了一定的提升,但依然面临着因行政管理部门职能设置重叠、行政管理机构设置不统一、管理模式公私关系松散、管理制度约束性不强等引发的海洋管理体制“部门化”“碎片化”的困境,整体性治理则为海洋管理体制改革向纵深推进提供了一个理论视角。基于深化福建省海洋管理体制改革的整体性治理框架,运用整体性治理理念中整合、协同的有益思路,提出福建省要进一步明确海洋行政管理部门职能分工、强化海洋行政管理部门协同执法、构建更加紧密的公私合作海洋管理模式、强化海洋行政管理制度约束力,构建福建省海洋管理体制整体性治理框架,助推福建海洋管理体制改革深化,从而实现海洋管理体系深化之道。     

海洋底质数据库引擎技术研究

空间数据引擎是实现空间数据高效访问和管理的关键技术之一.结合海洋地理信息系统应用需求,针对海洋底质数据特点,构建了海洋底质空间数据库引擎,介绍了其数据模型和数据访问结构,并通过工程实践实现了系统功能,为海洋底质空间数据组织和管理提供一个有效的解决方案,同时为海洋地理信息系统提供了强有力数据支持.     

推进依法管海进程 铸就海洋渔业辉煌

近年来,青岛开发区在上级党委、政府的正确领导和有关部门的大力支持下,以“三个代表”重要思想为指导,适应在青岛西海岸构建青岛经济发展重心新形势的要求,紧紧围绕加快海洋与渔业经济发展的目标任务,实施“三·三·三”工程,突出“五项重点”,加强海洋国土资源开发保护与管理,推进渔业结构良性化调整,取得显著成效。全区海域使用逐步实现由传统“三无”到现在“三有”的根本性转变,管理迈入制度化、规范化、科学化轨道;渔业保持持续健康发展,以养殖为主导、水产品加工对外贸易为重点、捕捞为补充和以质量化、效益化、外向化为特色的现代精…     

关于发展我国“21世纪海洋蓝色瑰宝工程”的建议

为加速发展我国海洋药物与海洋保健食品业,笔者试提出“21世纪海洋蓝色瑰宝工程”(以下简称“蓝色瑰宝工程”),并就这一工程的提出、内容、意义及对策进行分析论证,以期引起有关部门和领导的重视,为促进我国海洋药物与蓝色保健食品业的发展起到“抛砖引玉”的作用。     

基于区块链的海洋数据安全共享系统构建

在海洋数据体量快速积累和数据技术迅猛发展的时代背景下,海洋数据高效管理和价值挖掘成了重点课题之一。文章结合密码学中非对称加密技术(同态加密)和区块链中智能合约技术,构建“双链并行结合智能合约”的地区海洋数据安全共享系统。该双链系统中,“海洋数据注册链”管理共享节点、“海洋数据匹配链”管理待匹配节点,通过智能合约自动执行供需双方的资源有偿共享。该系统既促进了不同地区间的海洋数据共享流转,又保护了资源供应方的合法控制权,实现了对链上流通海洋数据的有效管理与监控,是区块链技术与传统海洋资源调查数据库相结合的海洋资源创新产物,理论上解决了不同地区间海洋经济发展中的海洋基础数据共享问题。     

中国"数字海洋"发展的基本构想

为迎接海洋２１世纪,中国从国家发展的战略的高度出发,将发展“数字海洋”列入“十五”和２０１５年海洋科学发展计划。其目标是广泛收集海洋立体监测信息,全面完成海洋信息化工程和空间数据基础设施建设基本实现海洋信息共享和“数字海洋”基础工程建设。     

基于C/S模式的海洋测深数据管理系统

随着海洋调查数据不断积累,如何对处于分散状态的数据进行有效的管理和整合,以提高数据利用效率和共享程度,成为“数字海洋”首先需要关心解决的问题.根据中国近海“数字海洋”信息基础框架构建的总体需求,按照“数字海底”“产品—航次—测线—点”的数据组织结构,设计开发海洋测深基础数据库.以此数据库为基础,开发数据标准化模块、数据...     

海洋管理概念的发展

有效的综合海洋管理是海洋经济健康发展的需要,这已成为涉海部门和企业上上下下的共识。然而,“海洋管理”概念是如何发生,发展起来的?它对海洋开发有过哪些贡献。扼要地回顾一下“海洋管理”概念的发展过程,对于现实的海洋管理可能具有一定的借鉴意义。 世界海洋占地球表面积的2/3以上,但是,人类对海洋的管理落后于对陆地的管理。这不仅仅是因为人类海洋开发的历史较短,海洋面积辽阔,更重要的原因还在于海洋环境的特殊     

巴拿马海洋管理发展历程及其启示

为深入了解巴拿马的海岸带与海洋管理状况，文章在梳理巴拿马资源环境现状和国家管理框架的基础上，以海事、环境、水产、港口、运河和旅游等重要涉海领域为切入点，分析巴拿马海洋领域相关管理部门的职责调整过程，并将其海洋管理发展历程划分为4个阶段。研究结果表明:巴拿马的海洋管理发展过程体现“从分散到集中、从无序到有序”的特点。一方面，海洋管理权在3个主要管理部门之间不断转移，根据管理实践而不断调整，其实质是实现海洋管理效率的最优化；另一方面，海岸带和海洋管理体系不断简化，具体的管理职能从混乱和破碎的状态逐渐转变为有机整体，使得政府机构精简、行政效率提高以及工作分工更清晰。巴拿马海洋管理的整体特征在宏观上与我国有相似之处，海洋管理是世界沿海国家都面临的问题，各国的经验或许存在差异，但实现海洋管理高效性、协调性和综合性的总体目标是一致的。     

坚持陆海统筹 构建江苏海洋经济优势调查报告

为了完成“坚持陆海统筹构建江苏海洋经济优势研究”的课题研究任务,课题组成员调查走访了江苏省及沿海3市与海洋经济有关的部门,获取了第一手的数据和信息,既为江苏海洋经济在“十一五”期间取得的快速发展而高兴,又为江苏海洋经济与兄弟省市存在的明显落差而着急。陆海兼备、滨江临海是江苏典型的地缘优势,也是江苏经济继续保持强劲发展的潜力和希望所在。放大地缘优势,统筹陆海,联动江海,是实现江苏经济社会又好又快发展的必由选择。     

The potential value of improved ocean observation systems in the Gulf of Mexico

A number of coastal and ocean observation systems exist throughout the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), but the network of systems is not currently linked or integrated and at present not fully implemented. The network of local systems are diverse, typically involving unique mandates and several different funding sources at various levels of permanence. The purpose of this paper is to describe the ocean observation systems that currently exist in the GOM, and to identify and quantify the expected economic benefits that may result from the implementation of an integrated regional network. Improved ocean observation systems are expected to reduce the uncertainty of ocean/weather forecasting and to enhance the value of ocean/weather information throughout the Gulf region. The source of benefits and the size of activity from which improved ocean observation benefits may be derived are estimated for private sector, non-market, and public sector activities categorized according to marine transportation, commercial fishing, recreational fishing, search and rescue operations, and pollution management. The benefits of improved ocean observation systems to energy exploration, development, and production activities are estimated, and a discussion of potential benefits to lightering activities, environmental monitoring, royalty payments, and engineering design are highlighted.     

Integrated ocean management and the collaborative planning process: the Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management (ESSIM) Initiative

In its capacity to lead and facilitate the development and implementation of integrated management plans under the 1997 Oceans Act, Fisheries and Oceans Canada is working with a range of stakeholders through a collaborative process—the Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management (ESSIM) Initiative—to develop and implement an integrated ocean management plan for the eastern Scotian Shelf off Nova Scotia. Stakeholders include federal and provincial departments, aboriginal communities, municipal and local planning authorities, ocean industry and resource use sectors, coastal communities, environmental interest groups, and university researchers. This large ocean management area possesses important living and non-living marine resources, high biological productivity and diversity, and increasing levels of multiple use and competition for ocean space and resources. The ESSIM vision is to achieve environmental, economic, social/community, and institutional sustainability in the eastern Scotian Shelf.The ESSIM Initiative is building a collaborative planning process that involves all interested and affected parties. Ongoing information sharing and dialogue with stakeholder groups is providing capacity building and important input to current proposals for a collaborative planning structure and the ocean management plan. A joint federal-provincial working group has been established to move the Initiative forward within government and to address policy and regulatory coordination for ocean management. The future ocean management plan will include a balanced set of environmental, social, economic and institutional objectives, indicators and management strategies, as well as spatial and temporal planning approaches to address multiple ocean use.This article provides an overview of the ESSIM Initiative, including an assessment of ocean use, ecosystem understanding, and ocean management and planning requirements. The design of a collaborative management and planning structure and process will be discussed, as well as the key elements of the future integrated ocean management plan.     

海洋预报和实况信息网络远程终端系统

文章着重研究一种海洋信息的多用户自动分发手段，通过电话线路自动拨号直接将预报产品及实况信息自动传输到各个用户的远程微机并显示。在信息发布端，操作人员要把需要发布的信息施入代表远程终端的文件夹，在无人值守的远程终端将自动存贮和显示图文并茂的最新信息，为政府、指挥、防汛等决策部门，提供最快、最便利的海洋信息。     

深度学习在海洋信息探测中的应用:现状与展望

深度学习可以通过深度神经网络,使机器理解学习数据,从而提高数据分类效果和预测结果的准确性,因此在海洋信息探测中应用越来越受到重视.作者基于深度学习的基本原理,阐述了海洋上常用的深度学习神经网络模型,并结合海洋信息探测要素,对温度、盐度、风场、有效波高和海冰等进行了海洋环境信息因子的预测分析;同时,对船舶、溢油和涡旋等进...     

Evolution of information and communication technology in Tanzania and its impact on ocean data and information management

Efforts to modernize information technology in Tanzania started as early as 1965 when the first computer in the country was installed in the ministry of finance. Unfortunately, these efforts were hampered by several problems that included the lack of qualified indigenous personnel and uncoordinated planning. The problems were very bad experiences to the government, and as a reaction to that in 1974 the government banned the importation of computers and all related equipment (accessories and peripheries) into Tanzania. This severe decision of the government has had a great negative impact on the development of information technology and computer literacy in all fronts including ocean data and information management in Tanzania. However, the situation has greatly much improved recently following various efforts by the government and the donor community to remedy the situation. Even though, the effects of the 1974 government decision are still noticeable. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO in collaboration with the Flanders Government have played a key role in the improvement and structuring of ocean data and information management in Tanzania through Ocean Data and Information Network for Africa (ODINAFRICA) project. These efforts include capacity building in both human resources and infrastructure, creating/increasing awareness among stakeholders and scientists on the need of having a sound data and information management system in the country, and helping Tanzania to establish a National Oceanographic Data Centre (NODC).     

区域海洋立体监测系统潜在经济效益

区域海洋立体监测系统的建立旨在提供全面的、系统的海洋动力环境和生态环境信息共享资料，为区域性海洋防灾减灾和海洋环境管理提供实时信息的网络平台．本文通过费一效分析的方法，初步测算了台湾海峡及毗邻海域海洋动力环境实时立体监测系统潜在的年经济效益超过29692．8万元，对区域海洋管理的决策具有重要意义．     

基于GIS的宁波市海洋专题保障预报综合信息服务平台开发与应用

利用GIS地理信息系统、网络数据库等技术,设计开发一个集港口码头潮汐潮流精细化预报、海上搜救辅助决策、海上溢油及化学品漂移扩散辅助决策、海洋环境预警预报等功能于一体的宁波市海洋专题保障预报综合信息服务平台,为宁波涉海涉渔部门提供精准直观、灵活多样的各项专题海洋预报产品,更好地服务宁波市海洋经济的发展,提升地方政府海上突发事件应急能力。     

Evolving a Bayesian network model with information flow for time series interpolation of multiple ocean variables

Based on Bayesian network (BN) and information flow (IF), a new machine learning-based model named IFBN is put forward to interpolate missing time series of multiple ocean variables. An improved BN structural learning algorithm with IF is designed to mine causal relationships among ocean variables to build network structure. Nondirectional inference mechanism of BN is applied to achieve the synchronous interpolation of multiple missing time series. With the IFBN, all ocean variables are placed in a causal network visually, making full use of information about related variables to fill missing data. More importantly, the synchronous interpolation of multiple variables can avoid model retraining when interpolative objects change. Interpolation experiments show that IFBN has even better interpolation accuracy, effectiveness and stability than existing methods.     

基于“灰箱”模型的海洋公共治理责任结构论证分析

海洋公共治理是我国政府治理现代化体系建设的重要组成内容。作为适应新时期"海洋强国"战略实施的海洋公共治理被认作一种异于传统陆地政府治理的新型地公共治理活动,存在着自身一定的责任结构体系。收集了2012-2016年的六大类海洋责任案例(主要是海洋执法案例),以时间(t)、案例数量(q)、制度(I)、人(H)来构建"灰箱"模型,通过考察问责复发率(P)分析海洋公共责任(R)的问题及原因。研究结果表明:(1)我国海洋公共治理过程中应亟须重视"海洋政府"理念,问责事件也从样本数量上得到了体现;(2)海洋公共治理的目标应是防范于未然,确保责任事件的可预期化,推进政府治理能力现代化,应当基于法治的导向来重新塑造海洋政府的责任体系;(3)我国未来海洋公共治理的责任体系建构应通过立法的方式实现责任人和责任形式的可预期化,最终实现对海洋公共治理责任法治监督的应有之义。     

海洋环境立体监测系统的设计方法

“九五”和“十五”期间,在国家海洋863计划的支持下,我国分别在上海和台湾海峡及毗邻海域建立了两个区域性海洋环境立体监测示范系统。在这两个示范系统的技术研究成果的基础上,通过分析国际海洋立体监测系统的设计模型,提出了区域性海洋环境立体监测系统的设计原则和设计方法,包括:系统结构、数据与信息服务通信网络、数据处理中心、数据流程以及系统功能等方面的设计方法。