Ø215.9 mm四牙轮取心钻头设计与应用

针对硬岩及复杂地层取心钻进效率低、钻头寿命短的问题,依托“深海钻探技术与工程支撑”项目研制了?215.9 mm四牙轮取心钻头。通过合理布置牙轮角度与分布、优化取心结构,有效提高岩心采取率,保证钻头在硬岩中的钻进速度与可靠性。在之前进行了陆地试验和海洋试验并不断优化改进的基础上,本次在内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市清水河县首次进行了实验性的地热勘探取心施工,全段地层均为高研磨性、高硬度花岗岩,取心困难。采用?215.9 mm牙轮取心钻头配合常规的取心钻具,钻进效率达1.2 m/h,岩心采取率为70%~90%,取得了较好的应用效果,为海洋钻探硬岩取心提供了技术保障。     

射流式液动冲击器在ZK01-2井提速应用研究

在深部地热开采中所钻遇的花岗岩地层,由于其硬度高、研磨性强、致密、可钻性差,致使钻进效率低、钻头消耗大、钻探周期长、成本高等。在“张家口地区地热资源调查评价”项目ZK01-2井施工中,为提高钻探效率,降低钻探周期与成本,采用了射流式液动冲击器配牙轮钻头的钻进方法,在硬岩地层中实现了高效破岩的应用效果。钻进过程中还对排量、钻压、转速等多种钻井工艺参数进行了优化分析,并进行了多次现场试验验证。应用结果表明,硬岩地层在进尺相同的条件下,采用射流式液动冲击器提速钻进比常规普钻效率提高了30%以上,大幅提高了硬岩地层的机械钻速,有效提升了钻探效率,起到了高效破岩的作用,为花岗岩等硬岩地层提速增效提供了重要的技术支撑。     

内喷孔式反循环钻头结构优化设计及CFD模拟分析

为解决贯通式潜孔锤反循环连续取心（样）技术在钻进“硬、脆、碎”等复杂地层时反循环排不出渣或者排渣不彻底的现象,在现有贯通式潜孔锤反循环连续取心钻头结构的基础上,优化设计一种新型内喷孔式反循环钻头,能在孔底形成强有力的多股引射抽吸流场,并模拟分析了内喷孔轴线水平偏角和内喷孔轴线与钻头中心的偏距2个结构参数对新型反循环钻头结构抽吸能力的影响。通过模拟分析的验证,此种反循环钻头的结构更加简单,反循环效果比较优良。     

小秦岭复杂地层液动锤绳索取心钻探试验研究

小秦岭地区是我国主要的矿产资源地,属于严重的破、碎、硬、漏等复杂地层,特别是岩石结构致密、颗粒细、研磨性较弱的坚硬地层,采用传统回转钻进工艺时,钻头经常出现"打滑"现象,从而导致钻头寿命低、钻探效率低、事故率高、钻探成本高等问题。针对这些问题并结合生产,本文选择了3处典型复杂地层进行了液动潜孔锤+绳索取心"二合一"和传统金刚石绳索取心钻探试验。试验结果表明:与传统金刚石绳索取心钻进工艺相比,液动锤平均回次进尺可提高44%,机械钻速提高21.34%~30.3%,平均综合钻探成本降低了21%~28%,其中钻头费用可降低66.5%。同时,由于碎岩方式的改变,液动潜孔锤钻探具有钻孔防斜效果好、事故率低、钻头使用寿命长等特点。     

鄂西铅锌矿硬、脆、碎地层钻探取心技术

针对湖北省兴山县白鸡河铅锌矿硬、脆、碎复杂地层中钻探取心困难问题，采用薄壁隔水底喷式金刚石钻头和钢丝式采心卡具等措施，提高了岩（矿）心采取率。     

破碎松软地层取心钻头孔底流场数值模拟及应用

复杂地层取心和孔壁稳定一直是困扰地质钻探界的2大技术难题。以汶川地震科钻为例,5个钻孔都在断裂带上,地层极破碎、松软。针对部分孔段取心率低问题,设计一种新型阶梯式隔水底喷取心钻头,利用CFD技术对钻头孔底流场进行数值分析,优化钻头排水槽结构、泥浆性能和水力参数,寻找一种最佳组合,为提高岩心采取率、预防堵心,提高孔壁的稳定性奠定基础。     

硬岩人造金刚石钻头的初步研究

目前,在坚硬、研磨性强的岩层中钻进,人造金刚石钻头的平均寿命约为30米;而在硬脆地层中,平均寿命只有15米左右.因此,研制高效长寿的人造金刚石钻头,对推广绳索取心技术,提高钻进效率和降低钻探成本都具有重要意义.提高硬岩钻进中人造金刚石钻头质量的途径为了提高人造金刚石钻头的质量,使之达到高效长寿,首先必须了解人造金刚石的特性.金刚石是碳元素在高温高压下的结晶     

地质钻探技术与装备21世纪新进展

21世纪初,我国地质钻探技术处于立轴钻机普遍使用、国产绳索取心钻杆只能满足1000 m以内孔深钻进要求、钻探器具相对落后、硬岩地层钻进效率低、复杂地层取心效果差的落后局面。近10多年来,在多个国家重大科学工程项目、国家科技支撑计划、“863”计划、地质大调查专项等科技项目支持下,通过产学研联合攻关,形成了硬岩深井科学钻探技术体系和2000 m以内地质岩心钻探技术体系,浅层取心（取样）钻探技术、新能源勘探开发钻探技术、地质灾害调查和防治钻探技术、定向钻探技术、基础工程施工钻掘技术等都取得了飞速的发展和进步。本文对21世纪我国地质钻探技术与装备、关键器具新进展进行了阐述,并对经济新常态下的发展方向进行了展望。     

阶梯形孕镶金刚石绳索取心钻头试验及生产效果

阶梯形孕镶金刚石绳索取心钻头是绳索取心金刚石钻头系列中用于中硬—硬岩钻进效果较好的钻头类型之一，其唇面结构又分单、双多阶梯形等多种。唇面结构的共同特点有较多的切削自由面，钻进过程中利于破碎岩石。通过几个矿区不同地层的试验及生产     

硬岩钻进用石油钻头研究现状及发展趋势

能源与矿产的持续安全供给是经济快速增长的保证,而中硬岩层钻进一直限制着油气钻井向深部发展。针对硬岩地层钻进,地质行业主要采用金刚石钻头钻进,而油气钻井行业除按传统方法采用牙轮钻头和金刚石钻头钻进之外,也逐渐开展了PDC钻头钻进硬岩的研究。本文分别介绍了牙轮钻头、金刚石钻头和PDC钻头在油气勘探硬岩钻进中的应用研究现状。其中,牙轮钻头研究主要集中在增强轴承密封性能、改进布齿结构和提高切削齿强度三个方面,而金刚石钻头研究则集中在碎岩机理、金刚石参数和胎体性能,以及钻头结构三个方面。提出了三类钻头的研究方向和发展趋势,为硬岩钻探技术发展提供参考。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with