地下水资源管理预警系统的建立及应用研究——以长春城区为例

由于长春城区地下水的超采产生了环境恶化,结合地下水预测模型和地质及水文地质条件,以长春城区为例建立了地下水资源管理预警模型。根据长春城区的地质及水文地质条件提出水位水质预警标准,并根据模型编制了地下水资源管理预警系统。利用所建立的预警系统,对现状和未来开采条件下水位水质进行预警,从而为水资源的科学管理和持续利用提供可靠依据和保障。     

冠县地下水资源概况及开发利用建议

介绍了山东省冠县的水文地质条件和地下资源开发利用现状,分析了由于过量开采浅层地下水而引发的水位下降及水质恶化等问题,提出了合理开发利用地下水的建设。     

人类活动影响下的大同市浅层地下水环境演化

在系统分析、整理研究区20多年来地下水水位和水质资料的基础上，研究了人类强烈活动影响下的水水位、水质的时空演化规律；分析了大同市在人类活动影响下的地下水环境演化规律；认为日益增强的人类活动是影响城市地下水资源短缺和水质恶化的重要因素；探讨了大同市水文地球化学的分带性，即把研究区分为地下水补给区（未受影响带）、地下水径流区（工业活动影响带）以及地下水排泄区（农业活动影响带）。这些研究可为大同市地下水政策的制定和实施提供科学的理论依据。     

邯郸市区地下水水位漏斗演化特征

邯郸市区由于地下水的开采,地下水水位持续下降,形成了化工区、邯郸市城区漏斗以及由城区漏斗发展演化而来的城区南、城区北地下水水位漏斗。首次系统论述邯郸市区不同时期出现的地下水水位漏斗,分析地下水水位漏斗与降水量、开采量、水文地质条件等因素的关系,阐述上述漏斗多年动态演化特征及漏斗区要素,指出地下水下降导致的地质环境问题,诸如水质恶化、含水层疏干、地面沉降等,并提出相应的合理化建议。     

超采对北京市潮白河冲洪积扇中上部地区地下水质的影响

潮白河冲洪积扇中上游地区作为北京市最主要地表水和地下水供给区,在城市供水中的作用举足轻重。由于多年连续超采,地下水位持续下降,1999-2013年地下水位下降最大达45 m;应急水源地地区地下水硬度年均上升2.6%,密云十里堡地区地下水硬度和硝酸盐氮超标。通过分析潮白河冲洪积扇区域地下水开发利用、地下水位和水质变化情况以及地下水位变化对地下水水质的影响,认为：超量开采导致的地下水水位下降是引起该区域地下水水质恶化的主要原因之一,控制地下水超量开采和地表水污染,并利用南水北调的水进京之机回灌和停采以涵养地下水,是恢复区域水资源和水环境的良好途径。     

浅析阳泉市地下水资源的衰减与短缺

由于大气降水减少和过量开采地下水,致使阳泉市区域性地下水水位下降、浅井干涸无水、深井出水量减少,并引起水质恶化,这些问题也从另一个侧面说明地下水资源正在逐步衰减,造成地下水资源的进一步短缺。     

甘肃省地下水超采区环境地质问题与保护对策

对甘肃省地下水超采区的划分、地下水超采区的成因以及超采区区域性地下水水位持续下降、地下水水质恶化、泉水溢出量减少、土地沙化和次生盐碱化、地面沉降等一系列环境地质问题进行分析,提出要严格地下水超采区保护措施、实施地下水资源统一管理、完善超采区管理体制、建立合理的水价体系,加强超采区科研和监测力度.     

濉河符离集段地表水污染与傍河浅层地下水相互关系的研究

本文通过对濉河符离集段地表水与傍河浅层地下水的水位、水质进行同步观测,采用相关分析的方法,对濉河符离集段地表水与傍河浅层地下水的水位、水质相互关系进行了分析.结果表明,地表水与地下水水位高度相关,傍河地下水水位与离河距离、河水水位关系表达式为:z=-5.9254-0.0003x 1.2110y,地表水与地下水水质的Cl-离子、NH3-N相关性良好.可见濉河地表水污染对傍河浅层地下水污染有着积极的影响.     

1998年以来兰州市地下水环境变化及驱动因素

以地下水污染调查数据、地下水监测数据和遥感数据为基础,分析了1998年以来（1998—2019年）兰州不同区域地下水环境变化趋势,探讨了土地利用变化、污染源排放、地下水开采等城市发展要素对地下水的影响。结果表明：1998年以来兰州市地下水环境变化的主要特征是水质恶化、水位上升。溶解性总固体、总硬度、硝酸根、氟等典型水化学指标在大部分地区呈稳定上升趋势,局部地下水中硝酸根比重增加,出现了硝酸型地下水。污染负荷增加是水质恶化的重要驱动因素,且恶化指标与城市主体功能存在直接关系,城关区是主要的居住、商业区,水质恶化的典型指标为硝酸盐;西固区是化工、冶炼等重工业集中区,地下水污染程度最重,反映工业污染的氟化物上升显著;七里河区、安宁区是商业、居住及轻工业的综合分布区,矿化度、总硬度、硝酸根等指标都有不同程度上升,但升幅不大。西固及三滩地区地下水位上升较为明显,其他城区相对稳定,城市不透水界面阻碍了降雨、灌溉等地表垂直入渗,使地下水位年内波动趋于平缓;水源地开采量减少、沿河工程建设以及地下管网渗漏等因素导致地下水补径排条件发生变化,不仅引起城区地下水位上升,还能够增强污染物淋滤和地下水蒸发浓缩,对水化学环境造成一定影响。     

松嫩平原(吉林)地下水资源属性研究

在论述松嫩平原(吉林)地下水含水层系统、水位下降及地下水水质情况的基础上,总结分析地下水水位和水质变化的原因,从而为松嫩平原地下水资源更好地开发利用提供依据。     

基于人为活动影响识别的区域地下水水质演化预测:以石家庄地区为例

地下水的水质演化预测一直以来是一个难点,单纯依赖于历史数据所反映的水质演化趋势预测未来水质,存在较大的局限性。以石家庄地区为研究区,提出将现状人为活动对地下水的影响程度作为校正因子,修订历史数据所表现出来的水质演化趋势,预测未来水质变化的方法。并以石家庄地区浅层地下水代表性指标总硬度、TDS、$NO_3^-$、Fe4项指标作为预测指标,尝试预测了2025年代表性指标的演化情况。结果表明:TDS和总硬度恶化的区域主要为灵寿县东南方向、藁城区和无极县靠近滹沱河河道附近等区域;Fe恶化的区域主要为石家庄市区中部以及东南部等区域; $NO_3^-$恶化的主要区域为鹿泉区与灵寿县交界附近、石家庄市区西北以及藁城区靠近滹沱河河道附近等区域。预测结果与研究区水文地质条件、人为污染源的排放以及地下水的开采等因素影响下的情况较为吻合。     

Brackish groundwater as an alternative source of cooling water for nuclear power plants in Israel

Because of a high population density in the coastal plain, any future nuclear power plants will be located in the sparsely settled Negev desert Since this part of Israel has no surface water, the only alternatives to cooling water are piped-in Mediterranean. Water and local, brackish groundwater One particular aquifier was examined for its potential to provide the required amount of cooling water over the lifetime of the plant, without causing a drastic lowering of the regional water table It was concluded that given the assumed range of aquifer properties, extraction of brackish water for cooling purposes will not result in large changes in the regional water table, furthermore, it could possibly halt the gradual deterioration of the quality of the water supply of the city of Beer Sheva     

Assessment of groundwater quantity and quality and saltwater intrusion in the Damghan basin,Iran

This study describes the groundwater quantity and quality conditions in the Damghan aquifer in Iran. The quantitative analysis of data obtained from observation wells indicates overexploitation of groundwater during recent years, which has resulted in deterioration of water quality. The mean water level has declined about 7.4 m between years of 1966 and 2010. The hydrochemical facies of water collected from sampling wells were investigated though Piper and Chadha diagrams, and the general dominant type of water in the study area was determined as Na-Cl. The quality assessment examined the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. Compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water, all regions were found to have unpotable groundwater. Furthermore, unsuitability of groundwater for agricultural applications due to high salinity was observed through analysis of major quality indicators. The saltwater intrusion was investigated by ionic ratio analyses and was determined to be the main factor contributing to high salinity and deterioration of the groundwater quality in the Damghan basin.     

时间序列模型和有限元模型在地下水资源评价和开发中的应用——以徐州市裂隙岩溶水为例

针对徐州市地下水长期无节制开采和管理不善而引起的多种环境地质问题,建立了与研究区裂隙岩溶含水层相适应的地下水流模型,并运用有限元方法进行求解。考虑到大气降水的多寡及其分配状况是影响地下水资源的最终决定因素,同时建立了研究区大气降水的时间序列模型,并应用于评价该区地下水资源,从而在宏观上为徐州市合理开采裂隙岩溶水资源提供科学依据。其结果对我国其它类似地区地下水资源的合理开采具有指导意义。     

Review: Safe and sustainable groundwater supply in China

Exploitation of groundwater has greatly increased since the 1970s to meet the increased water demand due to fast economic development in China. Correspondingly, the regional groundwater level has declined substantially in many areas of China. Water sources are scarce in northern and northwestern China, and the anthropogenic pollution of groundwater has worsened the situation. Groundwater containing high concentrations of geogenic arsenic, fluoride, iodine, and salinity is widely distributed across China, which has negatively affected safe supply of water for drinking and other purposes. In addition to anthropogenic contamination, the interactions between surface water and groundwater, including seawater intrusion, have caused deterioration of groundwater quality. The ecosystem and geo-environment have been severely affected by the depletion of groundwater resources. Land subsidence due to excessive groundwater withdrawal has been observed in more than 50 cities in China, with a maximum accumulated subsidence of 2–3 m. Groundwater-dependent ecosystems are being degraded due to changes in the water table or poor groundwater quality. This paper reviews these changes in China, which have occurred under the impact of rapid economic development. The effects of economic growth on groundwater systems should be monitored, understood and predicted to better protect and manage groundwater resources for the future.     

潮白河再生水补给河道对周边浅层地下水影响的数值模拟研究

再生水在北京被广泛用于补给河道,2007年底至2017年共有2.3×108 m3再生水补给至潮白河顺义段。其污染物本底值较高（Cl?浓度约62~122 mg/L）,通过河床入渗补给到周边的含水层中,对周边地下水产生一定影响,尤其是浅层地下水。为了定量评价再生水补给河道对周边浅层地下水的影响,基于10年（2007—2017）的地下水监测数据,建立了再生水补给河道周边的地下水水流和溶质运移模型,模拟了受水区浅层地下水的水位和Cl?浓度的变化,分析了浅层地下水水量、Cl?负荷和NO₃-N负荷的变化。结果表明,再生水补给河道后的前2年（2007—2009）,河道周边浅层地下水水位迅速抬升了3~4 m,之后在再生水的持续补给下保持稳定。但受深层地下水开采影响,2007—2014年研究区整体浅层地下水的水量仍在下降。2014年底实施地下水压采措施后,浅层地下水水量从2014年底的3.76×108 m3恢复到了2017年底的3.85×108 m3。周边浅层地下水中的Cl?浓度从再生水补给前的5~75 mg/L变化到了补给后的50~130 mg/L,之后保持稳定。浅层地下水水质受再生水影响的范围从2008年底的11.7 km2扩大到2017年的26.7 km2,影响区内的Cl?负荷从2008年底的1.8×103 t增加到2017年底的3.8×103 t,NO₃-N负荷从2008年的29.8 t下降到2017年的11.9 t。尽管研究显示影响范围外的浅层地下水质受再生水影响不明显,但潜在的咸化和污染的隐患不容忽视,需要在后续研究中进一步明确。     

Groundwater pollution due to sugar-mill effluent, at Sonai, Maharashtra, India

 Analyses of 126 samples collected from 18 dug wells in the shallow basaltic aquifer over a period of 7 months have revealed spatial as well as temporal changes in the chemical properties of groundwater. While the temporal changes have been attributed to dilution and concentration phenomena governed by climatic factors, the spatial variations in the geochemical characteristics of groundwater appeared to be related to pollution due to effluents from the Mula Sugar Factory. The cause of groundwater pollution is the effluent carried by a stream flowing through the area. Fluctuations in the groundwater table, influent water quality character of the stream, less capacity to accommodate large volume of effluent and occurrence of zero base flow (under natural conditions) in the stream are the factors favoring infiltration of constituents of waste water into the underlying weathered basaltic aquifer. Pollutants have entered into the shallow aquifer by downward percolation through the zone of aeration to form a recharge mound at the water table and, further, lateral movement below the water table. The plume of polluted groundwater has a lateral extent of a few meters in the upstream area and more than 400 m on either side of the stream in the downstream part. The zone of polluted groundwater has an areal extent of more than 3.5 km². Groundwater is the only source available for drinking and agricultural purposes. It is recommended that the base of the lagoons and the stream used for release of plant effluent should be waterproofed for the protection of groundwater in the Sonai area. Received: 30 April 1997 · Accepted: 23 September 1997     

山东省主要矿山排水对地下水系统影响研究

山东省是一个矿业大省、经济大省,是我国重要的能源和黄金生产基地,同时也是水质型缺水省份之一。矿产资源开采过程中,每年都有大量的井下矿坑水向外部环境排放,不但造成了地表水和浅层地下水污染,而且还引发了岩溶塌陷、海水入侵等次生地质灾害。本文重点对山东省煤矿、铁矿、金矿等主要的矿产资源开发引发的地下水系统影响进行了研究,分析了主要开采矿山导致产生地下水疏干漏斗、引起区域地下水位持续下降,降低了地下水的调蓄能力,改变含水层的地球化学环境,地下水水质进一步恶化,致使地下水可利用资源量逐渐减少,该研究为有关政府部门督促矿山企业对矿坑水资源化综合利用及水资源保护、减少矿山开采对地下水环境的影响提供参考。     

Mechanism of the water invasion of Gaoyang Iron Mine,China and its impacts on the mine groundwater environment

With the development of mining of iron deposits in China, groundwater invasion and the impacts of groundwater drainage, such as regional groundwater table lowering, overlapping cones of depression, subsidence, and water quality deterioration are environmental problems which endanger mining production and human life. Effective prevention of water invasion or timely determination of the mechanism of water bursting and rational design of drainage plans are the most urgent mining challenges. The mechanism of water invasion and the environment impacts on the groundwater system of the Gaoyang Iron Mine, China were dealt with in this paper. A systematical investigation of the hydrogeological conditions and monitoring of groundwater dynamics of the mine were completed. Results show that the limestone of the middle Ordovician System constitutes the under floor of the iron deposit. This limestone is the main source of water invasion into the mine. Groundwater dynamic equilibrium conditions are broken due to mine drainage. Water invasion and drainage have caused a serious impact on the groundwater environment of the area.