电阻率值的GM（1,1）灾变模型在南昆铁路铝厂隧道快速施工超前地质塌 …

根据隧道掘进掌子面处突出性淹埋整个掌子面塌方的地质信息，建立ＧＭ（１，１）灾变模型，超前预报了其塌方的范围，经隧道掘进验证，预报较为准确。     

基于突变理论深埋硬岩隧道的失稳分析

在分析隧道开挖引起围岩扰动和损伤的基础上,运用突变理论探讨了深埋硬岩隧道失稳的机理;基于势能原理,建立了深埋硬岩隧道失稳的尖点突变模型,导出了失稳的力学判据条件。结果表明:深埋硬岩隧道的失稳不仅受岩体特性及所受载荷的影响,而且与围岩中弹性区刚度和塑性区刚度的比值有关;开挖过程中,围岩受扰动和损伤程度越大,岩体完整性系数越小,力学参数指标弱化程度越高,塑性区范围越大,刚度比越小,围岩系统发生失稳的可能性就越大。工程实例分析表明,分析结果与实际经验基本一致;研究成果可为预防隧道失稳、采取合理的施工工艺和支护措施提供参考依据。     

电阻率值的GM(1,1)灾变模型在南昆铁路铝厂隧道快速施工超前地质塌方范围预报中的应用

根据隧道掘进掌子面处突出性淹埋整个掌子面塌方的地质信息,建立ＧＭ（１,１）灾变模型,超前预报了其塌方的范围,经隧道掘进验证,预报较为准确。     

国道213线龙眼睛隧道围岩大变形三维数值模拟研究

龙眼睛隧道位于国道213线紫坪铺库区改线公路K1 028 336.5 m～K1 029 270 m处,隧道在开挖过程中围岩多处发生塌方,并且围岩的最大变形量达到了100 cm,发生了严重的大变形破坏.本论文利用FLAC3D软件对隧道开挖进行了三维数值分析,从应力、位移和破坏区3个方面分析了围岩破坏的原因,并在此基础上提出了围岩支护措施.     

下穿隧道开挖引起的挤土桩沉降控制分析方法

随着地下空间开发利用的立体式发展,地下近接工程中结构相互作用问题日益突显。针对盾构隧道下穿既有挤土桩问题,提出了基于岩土介质小孔扩张（收缩）理论的分析方法。通过基于统一砂黏土本构模型和大应变假设推导的小孔扩张-收缩排水解析解,建立了隧-桩相互作用力学模型;提出了隧道开挖影响下桩基的承载力衰减因子,并采用荷载-沉降曲线预测了桩基沉降。由分析结果可知,隧道地层损失引起的桩侧承载力减小、桩端承载力减小和桩端刚度损失,三者共同作用促使桩基发生沉降失稳,并提出了桩基的承载力控制准则、稳定控制准则和变形控制准则。此外,研究得到了桩基失稳时隧道地层损失与各因素之间的相关关系。其结果为揭示隧道与邻近结构相互作用机制、保障地下结构稳定性提供了有效的分析手段和必要的理论依据。     

山岭隧道塌方风险模糊层次分析

对隧道施工塌方采用模糊层次综合评判法进行风险评估,通过收集和整理隧道塌方的资料,总结影响隧道塌方的因素,再遴选出主要的因素作为模糊层次评估方法的影响因子,然后统计分析得到各个因子与塌方发生概率、塌方量之间的隶属函数,并采用综合赋权法确定评价指标的权重,从而建立塌方风险模糊层次评估模型。该模型在青山岗隧道得到了验证,其分析结果可信。     

重力坝坝基沿软弱结构面滑动失稳的非线性机制

对于存在单组软弱结构面的坝基深层抗滑问题,考虑了坝基软弱结构面介质在不同环境因素条件下的复杂弹脆性(应变硬化)和应变软化属性,用突变论建立了坝基沿单软弱结构面滑动的尖点突变模型。通过建立的模型分析,发现坝基滑动失稳主要取决于软弱面上复杂弹脆性介质和应变软化介质在应变软化拐点处的刚度比k、材料的均匀性指标m及几何力学参数;并给出了发生突变失稳的充分力学判据,指出传统的刚体极限平衡分析法存在一定的缺陷。指出库水水位上升还存在一种降低介质材料刚度比k的新机制,从理论上阐明,坝基滑动突变失稳的发生相应于水位峰值,在时间上可能具有滞后性;而工程处理措施的实施除提高坝基软弱结构面抗滑能力外,还具有一种增大材料刚度比k的新效应,使得滑动失稳更不易发生。     

公路隧道垂直充填型溶洞冒顶塌方处治与灾变影响因子分析

以广西区内某高速公路隧道溶洞塌方冒顶案例为依托,根据岩溶灾害针对性处治设计,采用有限元软件模拟推演处治效果,获得了隧道穿越垂直发育充填型溶洞的变形规律。在此基础上,运用控制变量法研究了管棚支护、初支厚度、地质特性三大灾变控制影响因子,分析各因子对隧道结构稳定性影响规律。工程处治效果、模型计算结果、监控量测结果表明灾变处治方案设计合理、安全、可靠。相关研究成果对类似岩溶发育隧道工程设计施工有一定借鉴意义。     

反倾层状岩质边坡内开挖隧道引发边坡失稳与隧道塌方的机制和治理研究

在反倾层状边坡内,开挖边坡并修筑隧道洞口后,出现岩体从隧道掌子面整体挤出和洞顶塌方现象,并导致边坡出现后缘拉裂、坡体内出现多处裂缝和岩块崩塌等坡体失稳迹象。通过对该边坡失稳和隧道塌方的勘察和机制分析,确定该坡体的变形破坏模式,提出针对性治理方案。     

浅埋隧道塌方地质灾害成因及风险控制

塌方是浅埋隧道施工过程中的主要地质灾害之一,利用风险动态评估模型及风险规避方法进行实时控制是确保隧道施工安全的有效途径。首先,采用洞内外相结合的地质调查方法,分析隧址区地质特征及塌方灾害风险诱因,并建立浅埋隧道塌方风险模糊层次评价模型,进行基于孕险环境的静态风险评估;其次,根据隧道施工过程中揭露的动态信息,对孕险环境进行动态修正,并汲取大气降水、开挖支护措施及监控量测等施工信息,进行隧道施工过程中的动态风险评估;最后,基于动态评估结果提出了风险规避方法,通过对施工方案的审核和优化,达到逐渐降低隧道施工风险、规避地质灾害的目的。该方法成功应用于宜巴高速公路段家屋隧道施工过程中,有效地规避了塌方地质灾害的发生,可为同类工程所借鉴。     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861     

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

正20141768 An Shaopeng(Institute of Rock and Soil Mechannics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China);Wei Lide Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior of Xigeda Formation Siltstone and Structure Interface(Journal of Engineering Geology,ISSN1004-9665,CN11-3249/P,21(5),2013,p.702-708,9illus.,1 table,16 refs.)