VSP资料的程度反Q滤波

因为ＶＳＰ可在井下不同深度直接观测震源子波的变化，因此被认为是能够提供唯一有价值的地震波衰减资源的来源。利用实际地层中波的衰减测量结果，可以对ＶＳＰ记录的地震能量损失进行补偿。目前大多数ＶＳＰ的反Ｑ滤波都是直接套用地面地震资料的反Ｑ波波方法，我们称之为ＶＳＰ资料的非程度反Ｑ滤波法。     

井间地震高斯射线束正演方法

本文根据高斯射线束方法的基本原理和数学表达式，结合井间地震方法的特殊观测方式，开发了井间地震方法的正演模块，给出了不同观测条件下各种模型的试验结果。该模块在二维非均匀各向同性介质中，可以同时或单独计算直达Ｐ波、Ｓ波，上行反射Ｐ波、Ｓ波和转换波，下行反射Ｐ波、Ｓ波及转换波。计算出的地震波场不仅能反映波的运动学特性，还能反映波的高频动力学特征，是发展井间地震技术的重要工具     

基于波场延拓的反Q滤波方法比较

波场延拓法是最常用的反Q滤波方法,但其振幅因子的不稳定性致使深层的高频信息放大,从而影响反Q滤波的效果。本文通过推导证明了完全稳定振幅补偿只和Glim(增益限制)有关难以提高深层地震波分辨率,系统分析了波场延拓反Q滤波算法中不同振幅补偿算子的滤波特性,增益控制法对某一频率之后既不放大也不压制,正则化滤波和迭代滤波法不仅具有较强的抗噪声干扰能力,而且对深层地震波具有较好的振幅补偿能力。通过对理论模型和井间地震实际资料应用不同振幅补偿算子,发现正则化振幅补偿因子和迭代法振幅补偿因子不仅对高频干扰有较强的压制效果,而且对于地震记录的中深层部分和低Q能量衰减严重的地震记录,都有较好的补偿效果。     

VSP资料约束地层反滤波研究

浅地表的低速带和地层滤波作用导致地震信号的能量衰减,地震子波的高频快速衰减,速度频散的子波变形,对地震底层分析带来了严重的影响。地层反滤波算法就是为了消除地层对子波的影响,利用VSP中的直达下行波推算出每个地层滤波算子,计算出各个地层滤波算子的反算子,然后利用这些反算子恢复出地表记录中损失掉的高频成分,减弱地层滤波对波形的影响,增加地表记录的频率成分和波形的准确度。分析实际地震资料表明,经过地层反滤波处理后的记录频率成分明显提升,地质构造更加准确、清晰。     

VSP井驱Q补偿在碳酸盐储层识别中的应用研究

沙漠区地表吸收作用强烈,导致地震成像资料分辨率降低,VSP相比常规地面地震具有更高的信噪比,波场特征更加清晰。利用VSP下行波场提取相对准确的吸收衰减因子(Q),然后对三维地面地震进行反Q滤波处理,实现了相对保幅条件下的提高分辨率目的。应用结果表明,基于VSP资料的井驱Q补偿技术使得目标储层地震分辨率更高,更有利于储层预测和钻井目标优选。     

单程波法地震波衰减特征数值模拟分析

在非均匀粘弹性介质中,地震波衰减研究能够有效揭示地层吸收特性对地震波的影响。这里从单程波方程出发,结合粘弹性介质中的复波数理论,考虑介质的横向变化,采用分步傅立叶波场延拓技术,推导出适用于横向变速介质的带Q地震记录计算公式,最后将此方法应用于四个不同含Q地层模型。试验表明：单程波法计算速度快,波场信息简单清晰,易于深入分析和反演算法的建立。并且,Q值对地震波波形、能量、频率等都产生了较为明显的影响,对实际资料能量补偿、地震资料分辨率的提高,以及利用衰减特征进行储层识别有一定指导价值。     

波场延拓反Q 滤波的正则化方法

基于波场向下延拓的反Q 滤波是补偿大地衰减效应的一种常用方法,但其振幅补偿的不稳定性限制了该方法在中、深层地震资料处理中的应用。针对于此,提出波场延拓反Q 滤波的正则化方法,该方法不仅较好地解决了地震波能量补偿的不稳定问题,同时对经过品质因子较低地层的深层地震波有着较好的能量补偿效果。模型试验和实例应用均表明: 与常规稳定的反Q 滤波方法相比,基于正则化法的反Q 滤波不仅具有较强的抗干扰能力和较好的振幅补偿能力,而且有效地提高了中、深层地震资料的分辨能力。     

叠前反Q滤波与品质因数Q估计

应用Ｈａｒｇｒｅａｖｅｓ的反Ｑ滤波算法，可准确校正零炮检距射线路径条件下地震记录的频散吸收。研究表明，只要能够获得时变的品质因数Ｑ结构，这种反Ｑ滤波算法也同样适用于非零炮检距射线路径条件下地震记录的反Ｑ滤波。本文叙述了采用Ｈａｒｇｒｅａｖｅｓ算于以相邻层间地震子波相似系数的相关性确定品质因数Ｑ的方法原理，并对相速度弥散式及参考频率ω＿ｒ的选取方法进行了讨论，数值模拟结果表明，用该方法提取的Ｑ值，可实现迭前反Ｑ滤波处理，能使浅、中、深层地震子波波形基本保持一致。     

波动方程正演模型技术及其在地震资料综合解释中的应用

运用固体力学有限元素法的基本原理，推导出适合于描述地震波传播的弹性动力学有限元方程，在微机上实现了不同观测系统下的地震波传播过程中波型转换及波形变化的全波场模拟。模拟技术具有以下特点：①克服了差分法的精度不高、波前弥散、收敛区间小及常规有限元素法的计算大、运算速度慢等特点；②模拟常规人工地震、ＶＳＰ、逆ＶＳＰ及井间地震等各种观测系统下波传播机理，记录任意时刻波场、能量场、旋度场及散度场，分析波传播     

极化分析研究及其在波场分离中的应用

不同的波在空间的质点运动轨迹和极化方向是不同的，利用三分量或二分量记录，在特定的以ｔ０为中心，长为ＮΔｔ的滑动时窗中计算出描述波的质点运动轨迹和极化方向的特征参数。利用这些参数可以设计出合适的极化滤波函数，保留那些满足特定要求的质点运动，而衰减那些不满足设计要求的质点运动。利用某些算子可以把弹性波分解成Ｐ波和ＳＶ波，而且衰减面波；利用另外一些算子可以把Ｐ波和ＳＶ波衰减而使面波增强。这些算子甚至可以     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of