黑洞的搜寻和证认(II):脉冲星-黑洞(PSR-BH)双星系统的研究和搜寻

综述了脉冲星-黑洞（PSR－BH）系统的诞生率理论并指出近期发现该系统的可能性。通过综述和分析脉冲星-中子星（PSR－NS）系统的观测特性,特别是脉冲星精确守时性对精确确定双星轨道参量和验证引力理论的重要意义,推测了PSR－BH系统的可能性质,指出发现PSR-BH系统对黑洞的搜寻和最终证认的重要意义。最后简介目前搜寻PSR-BH系统的现状和我们搜寻短轨道周期脉冲双星的计划。     

射电脉冲星的逆康普顿散射（ICS）模型和偏振观测

近来我们在射电脉冲星的逆康普顿散射模型,致密星物理以及一些相关问题上做了下列几项工作：１） 对脉冲星物理中的一系列基本理论进行了较深入的研究,包括对裸奇异星比中子星更可能是射电脉冲星之起源的观点的论证。２） 进一步发展了射电脉冲星的逆康普顿散射（ＩＣＳ） 模型并完成了一系列相关工作。３） 进行了脉冲星的偏振分析和有关观测工作,并用其结果对银河系磁场和旋臂结构进行了分析。４） 研究了黑洞脉冲星双星系统的一些特性,为黑洞的搜寻工作作了初步准备。     

黑洞的搜寻和证认（Ⅱ）：脉冲星—黑洞（PSR—BH）双星系统的研究和搜寻

综述了脉冲星－黑洞系统的诞生率理论并指出近期发现该系统的可能性。通过综述和分析脉冲星－中子星系统的观测特性，特别是脉冲星精确守时性对精确确定双星轨道参量和验证引力理论的重要意义。     

用50m射电望远镜作脉冲星观测与研究

国家天文台正在研制的50m射电望远镜将投入脉冲星观测与研究，推动我国的脉冲星工作。本文回顾了自第1颗脉冲星发现后35年来脉冲星观测取得的成果，和理论研究获得的重大进展，并讨论我国脉冲星工作可能开展的观测与研究。当今世界脉冲星观测与研究虽然还有许多遗留问题，但是作为中子星基本观测事实已被确认。脉冲星的应用也已经走上了历史舞台。如果利用50m射电望远镜对脉冲星的特殊活动现象进行观测与研究，可能获得突破性的进展。     

Geminga 多波段研究的新进展

简要介绍了特殊天体Ｇｅｍｉｎｇａ的发现、证认、定位和距离测量等工作,详细综 了近年来有关Ｇｅｍｉｎｇａ低频射电辐射和高能辐射的观测进展以及人们对这些结果的理论解释。Ｇｅｍｉｎｇａ是否代表一类没有射电辐射的射电脉冲星（辐射能由转动能量而来的非吸积型脉冲星）,理论上具有重要意义,以前人们在高于１０３ＭＨｚ的射电波段对Ｇｅｍｉｎｇａ做过多次高灵敏度观测,都没有测到有意义。以前人们在高于１０３ＭＨｚ的射电     

毫秒脉冲星计时观测的研究进展

对毫秒脉冲星时间测量的理论、方法和技术研究的进展进行了阐述。根据近年来取得的观测研究结果,毫秒脉冲星计时测量误差～2×10－7秒,毫秒脉冲星自转周期稳定性足以和现代原子钟相媲美：其相对频率不稳定度达到1×10－14（1年≤γ≤5．2年）,并可望更高。近年来,脉冲星计时观测系统的接收灵敏度获得很大改进,计时观测的数据采集、处理技术、脉冲到达时间分析模型研究等都有长足发展。通过综合脉冲星时间算法得到的脉冲星时间尺度将比现代原子时具有更高的长期稳定度。叙述了脉冲星的物理特性及有关计时观测系统的技术成果,如观测频率和带宽的选择,消色散和接收系统灵敏度等问题。最后对毫秒脉冲星时间测量的误差源进行了讨论,并对脉冲星时间尺度的应用前景做了展望。     

脉冲星PSR1951＋32的X射线脉冲辐射

脉冲星ＰＳＲ１９５１＋３２的Ｘ射线脉冲辐射程凌翔，李惕碚，孙学军，马宇蒨，吴枚（中国科学院高能物理研究所，北京１０００３９）主题词：脉冲星－Ｘ射线源１９８７年６月，用频率３８７ＭＨｚ的射电观测发现了脉冲星ＰＳＲ１９５１＋３２［１］，同年７月，在１８０...     

脉冲星搜寻软件的安装和使用

搜寻射电脉冲星需要成熟的软件套路以保证有效地得到新发现。介绍了脉冲星搜寻过程,提供了安装脉冲星搜寻软件的工具,并给出了脉冲星搜寻的例子。     

新的γ射线脉冲星PSR1055—52的COS—B证认

本文利用ＣＯＳ－Ｂ卫星观测资料对ＣＧＲＯ卫星新近发现的一颗γ射线脉冲星进行了守时性分析，得到了显著的周期结构，这个结果对ＰＳＲ１０５５－５２是一颗γ射线脉冲星提供了新的、独立的证认，本文对普遍公认的六颗γ射线脉冲星提供了新的、独立的证认。本文对普遍公认的六颗γ射线脉冲星也作了比较和讨论。     

射电脉冲星观测资料及其启示

在本文中先简要介绍了８０年代以来射电脉冲星方面的观测进展，然后详细介绍了射电脉冲星的第一手观测资料，包括空间分布，传播特性，时间特性，脉冲轮廓与偏振以及频谱特性等，并详细综述观测资料对我们提供的信息及给我们的启示，为理论模型的建立和检验提供了基础。     

Radiation properties of pulsar magnetospheres: observation,theory, and experiment

In the three decades since their discovery, the accumulated body of observational data from pulsar sources puts constraints on models that seek to explain their periodic radiation. This paper reviews this data, reports on a VLA search for haloes predicted by an early model, and reinvestigates a magnetospheric disk-field-aligned-current transmission line system as the origin of the observed radiation, with external wave excitation by as yet an unexplained source. Three dimensional, fully electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations of the pulsar surface and magnetosphere are used to explore the waveshape and polarization properties of the observed radiation.     

An interference removal technique for radio pulsar searches

Searches for radio pulsars are becoming increasingly difficult because of a rise in impulsive man-made terrestrial radio-frequency interference. Here, we present a new technique, zero dispersion measure filtering, which can significantly reduce the effects of such signals in pulsar search data. The technique has already been applied to a small portion of the data from the Parkes multi-beam pulsar survey, resulting in the discovery of four new pulsars, so illustrating its efficacy.     

General track of pulsar evolution

It is shown that large mulling, small luminosity and a large value of polarization angle variation are, together, a good indication of a pulsar's old age. Selection effects connected with the discovery of pulsars are analyzed. The general track of pulsar evolution, along which the diagram of pulsar emission and the angle between the magnetic and rotation axes decrease, is found.     

Statistical Analysis of Physical Parameters of Pulsars

Thanks to the excellent performance of FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope), the number of pulsars has increased rapidly. It is very important to analyze the physical parameters of known pulsars. The overall properties of pulsars are studied by analyzing the related physical parameters such as spatial position, period, surface magnetic flux density and so on. A large number of pulsars were detected by FAST near the galactic disk, which reflect the superiority of its detection ability. The diagram of the relationship between the period and the time derivative of period of pulsars has been updated. At present, 57 pulsars have crossed the classical “death line”, and five were discovered by FAST. Finally, the physical parameters of the binary pulsar systems are statistically analyzed, the binary pulsar systems are evolving towards the direction of low eccentricity and the decrease mass of the companion star. Moreover, 9 are located above the “spin-up line”. FAST is making China into the golden age of pulsar discovery, which will further promote the rapid development of pulsar physics.     

Spatial modulation search applied to the search and confirmation of highly scintillated pulsars at FAST with a pulsar discovered in M3

We present a pulsar candidate identification and confirmation procedure based on a position-switch mode during the pulsar search observations. This method enables the simultaneous search and confirmation of a pulsar in a single observation, by utilizing the different spatial features of a pulsar signal and radio frequency interference(RFI). Based on this method, we performed test pulsar search observations in globular clusters M3, M15 and M92. We discovered and confirmed a new pulsar, M3 F, and detected the known pulsars M3 B, M15 A to G(except C) and M92 A.     

相控阵馈源MVDR波束合成器缓解RFI仿真

相控阵馈源(Phased array feeds, PAFs)接收机作为下一代微波接收机,为大口径射电天文望远镜的射电干扰(Radio Frequency Interference, RFI)缓解工作带来了新的解决方法. PAFs接收机对射电望远镜焦平面的电磁波进行空域采样,返回时域阵列信号,使用最小方差无失真响应(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response, MVDR)波束合成器可以自适应地识别RFI的方向,同时抑制RFI在输出信号中的功率,从而达到提升射电望远镜灵敏度的效果.仿真结果表明MVDR波束合成器对有源高能量的射电干扰有很强的识别能力和一定程度的缓解能力,同时,该波束合成器对各阵元信道中加性噪声累积引起的无源干扰有很强的抑制能力,因此, PAFs接收机的MVDR波束合成器可以增强日益复杂电磁波环境下射电望远镜的抗干扰能力.     

Optimizing Pulsar Searches Against Propagation Effects

Propagation effects are well known to limit the sensitivity of pulsar searches based on periodicity detections. I define several regimes for pulsar searches that are based on whether the search sensitivity is luminosity limited, dispersion limited or scattering limited. Consideration of these regimes allows general statements to be made about pulsar searches in and out of the Galactic plane. Telescope size matters, but only to a point. Once scattering becomes important it is better to search more sky (in a blind survey) than to integrate longer on a given sky position. Example surveys are described. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

毫秒脉冲量计时方法的研究进展和前景

介绍脉冲星的时间频率特征,脉冲星时间研究的意义,毫秒脉冲星计时理论方法和技术方面的研究进展,对其中的关键问题给予讨论．并对其发展前景进行了展望．     

毫秒脉冲星计时方法的研究进展和前景

介绍脉冲星的时间频率特征,脉冲星时间研究的意义,毫秋脉冲星计时理论方法和技术方面的研究进展,对其中的关键问题给予讨论,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Solid state physics and cooling of neutron stars

First we show the possible effect of the ‘magnetic’ condensation on cooling of neutron stars. Its observational significance (especially for younger pulsars such as the Crab pulsar) is emphasized. Other effects of solid state physics on cooling are also discussed.