土地利用方式对西藏东部河谷山地土壤肥力性质的影响

通过现场调查取样和室内理化分析,研究了西藏东部主要河谷地区不同土地利用方式下土壤肥力性质及其随土地利用方式变化的机制。结果表明:不同土地利用方式下土壤理化性质有明显的差异,耕地和裸地土壤砂粒含量高于其他利用方式,本区域土壤砂质特征明显;受有机质积累影响,乔木林地、灌丛地土壤具有相对较高N素养分;受施肥等因素影响,农耕地土壤具有相对较高P、K养分;在所有利用方式中,裸地土壤尽管具有相对较高的粉粒含量,但所有养分指标均最低,显著低于林地土壤。总之,对于西藏脆弱生境而言,耕作使得有机质更易于消耗。由于有机质与植被之间存在明显互相促进的作用,因此维持土壤有机质平衡对于恢复植被、保护青藏高原东缘生态屏障具有重要的意义。     

基于改进线性光谱解混和 SCS-CN 模型的广州主城区降雨产流模拟

城市降雨产流特征的定量研究对于城市雨水资源开发利用、科学规划和管理具有十分重要的意义。以广州市主城区为研究对象,提出一种改进的线性光谱解混方法提取遥感影像的不透水面、植被和土壤盖度,并结合SCS-CN 产流模型进行城区降雨径流模拟。首先利用线性光谱解混方法提取 2015-10-18 Landsat 8 OLI 遥感影像的不透水面、植被和土壤盖度;然后利用归一化建筑物指数和归一化植被指数进一步优化解混结果;最后结合优化的不透水面、植被和土壤盖度计算合成的 CN 值,并应用 SCS-CN 产流模型分析研究区在不同降雨重现期的降雨产流分布特征。结果表明：改进的线性光谱解混方法能较好地提高不透水面、植被和土壤盖度的提取精度;不透水面盖度越高的区域,CN 值越高;CN 值对地表径流深模拟有显著的影响;在不同重现期降雨条件下,研究区地表径流深空间分布格局差异显著;总体上,降雨量越大,不透水面盖度越高,形成的地表径流深越深,内涝发生的可能性越大。     

氮添加条件下白羊草种群及近地表生物结皮对土壤入渗性能的影响

以黄土高原典型草地白羊草群落为研究对象,设置不同施氮水平(0、2.5、5、10 g/(m~2·a))模拟氮沉降,通过人工模拟降雨,系统研究氮添加条件下白羊草群落及其近地表特征对土壤入渗过程的影响。结果表明:(1)白羊草种群覆盖可显著延缓产流,且随着近地表生物结皮的参与,延缓产流效果更加明显。白羊草和生物结皮共同作用下(T_2)平均初始产流时间分别是单一白羊草种群(T_1)和裸地对照(T_0)的1.64倍和4.87倍;(2)稳定入渗速率和入渗总量均在较低施氮水平(N_0和N_(2.5))下总体较高;生物结皮可抑制土壤入渗过程,白羊草和生物结皮共同作用下(T_2)稳定入渗速率和入渗总量较单一白羊草种群(T_1)分别减少了6.35%和7.49%;(3)植被及生物结皮特征可显著影响坡面入渗过程,初始产流时间随白羊草盖度、地上生物量和苔藓结皮盖度、高度的增加均呈幂函数增加,随藻结皮盖度的增加呈幂函数下降(P0.01);稳定入渗速率和入渗总量随生物结皮总盖度的增加而呈幂函数下降,与藻结皮盖度存在显著的DoseResp曲线关系(P0.01)。本研究以期为黄土高原草地生态水文过程及植被建设提供数据来源和理论依据。     

海南岛东部地区土地利用方式对土壤有机碳与 易氧化有机碳的影响

以海南岛东部地区的4种土地利用方式（水田、抛荒地、果园、橡胶林地）的土壤为研究对象，通过对其SOC（土壤有机碳）和ROC（土壤易氧化有机碳）质量分数的测定，分析不同土地利用方式下SOC以及ROC的分布特征。结果表明：研究区的土地利用方式对SOC与ROC具有显著影响，土地利用方式通过影响植被凋落物、根系以及耕作方式、施肥收割等管理措施影响SOC及ROC的分布特征。就整个土壤剖面（0~30 cm）而言，不同土地利用方式下SOC质量分数的分布特征表现为水田＞抛荒地＞果园＞橡胶林地；各土地利用方式下SOC在表层土壤中质量分数最高，并随着土壤层的加深逐渐递减。水田、果园和橡胶林地土壤的ROC质量分数随着土壤深度的加深而逐渐降低，抛荒地呈现出先减少后增加的趋势。不同土地利用方式下土壤ROC质量分数表现为抛荒地＞水田＞果园＞橡胶林地。ROC质量分数的高低顺序与SOC质量分数基本相同。土壤的SOC质量分数是影响ROC质量分数变化的重要因素，相关性分析结果表明：水田、抛荒地和橡胶林地的SOC与ROC质量分数呈极显著正相关，而果园的SOC与ROC质量分数呈显著正相关。4种土地利用方式中水田土壤ROC的分配比例较低，说明水田的SOC稳定性相对于其他土地利用方式较高，有利于土壤碳的储存。     

小中甸河流域土壤保持功能及空间分布特征分析

基于修正通用土壤流失模型(RUSLE)和GIS空间技术,对小中甸河流域土壤侵蚀强度及各生态系统土壤保持功能进行定量研究,探讨了土壤侵蚀强度与土地利用方式的关系、生态系统土壤保持能力的差异性及其空间分布特征。研究得出:(1)小中甸河流域以微度、轻度侵蚀为主,严重侵蚀主要集中在流域东部及南部;(2)灌草地及裸地是极易发生中度及以上等级侵蚀的地类;(3)不同类型生态系统土壤保持量依次为:森林草地裸地人居地;(4)平均单位面积的土壤保持量依次为:人居地森林草地;(5)森林生态系统内部,阔叶林土壤保持能力高于针叶林,研究表明该地区生态系统土壤保持能力与植被盖度呈正相关关系,土壤侵蚀受人为扰动影响较低;(6)空间自相关分析表明小中甸河流域土壤保持强度在空间上显著集聚,土壤保持热点区域主要集中在中下游河段,土壤保持水平总体表现良好。     

塔里木河下游土壤风蚀期0～15cm层土壤含水率分布规律

土壤表层含水率是影响土壤风蚀的一个重要参数。在塔里木河下游土壤风蚀期间对0~15 cm层土壤水分进行调查,发现0~15 cm层土壤含水率极低,平均含水率仅0.84%,含水率>2%的区域主要分布在绿洲边缘和河道边缘。进一步探讨植被盖度、风沙活动强度和土壤结皮对0~15 cm层土壤含水率分布的影响,结果表明:①0~15 cm层土壤含水率与植被盖度的相关性不显著;②0~15 cm层土壤含水率与风沙活动强度呈显著指数负相关;③土壤结皮能够有效保护表层土壤水分,抑制土壤风蚀。     

环境因子对土壤水分空间异质性的影响——以北京市怀柔区为例

为了探讨山区表层土壤水分的空间分布格局及其影响因素,以北京市怀柔区为研究区域,联合使用ALOS/PA-LSAR微波数据和Landsat-5遥感影像反演得到研究区的土壤水分数据,运用旋转主成分分析法分析了高程、坡度、坡向和植被盖度4个环境因子对土壤水分的影响情况及分布规律,并确定相应的主控因子.结果表明:高程和坡度是影响山区表层土壤水分空间变异的主控因子,植被盖度次之,坡向的影响最弱.对主控因子(高程和坡度)的单因素分析表明,土壤含水量随着高程的增加而逐渐减少,随着坡度的增加,土壤含水量总体上呈现先增加(坡度＜3°)后减小(坡度＞3°)的趋势,对深入研究山区土壤水分分布特性和水土保持具有指导意义.     

元谋干热河谷冲沟区植被对微地形的响应

微地形是影响植被分布格局及多样性的重要因素。在元谋干热河谷冲沟区采集了1 236组"土壤-坡度-坡向-植被盖度-物种多样性"数据,运用统计学方法研究了坡度和坡向这两个地形因子对干热河谷植被盖度及其多样性的影响。结果表明:在元谋干热河谷冲沟区,植被盖度呈现出随坡度增大而减小的趋势,变性土区域活跃性冲沟坡面上有无植被生长的临界坡度是50°,而燥红土区域稳定性冲沟的临界坡度为65°;受人类活动影响强烈的沟坡区植被生长的临界坡度是45°,影响较轻微的近自然状态沟坡区的临界坡度是65°;植被盖度分布和植被种类的优势方向同为东北向,平均盖度为40%,西北向为28%,西南为20%,东南为21%;植被种类东北向平均为1.8,西北向为1.4.西南向为1.0,东南向为0.5。研究元谋干热河谷典型立地条件下植被对冲沟微地形条件的响应,可以为本区生态恢复提供科学指导。     

农牧交错带不同人工植被下荒漠化土壤肥力的变化

研究了陕北农牧交错带荒漠化土地上种植人工植被后,在不同的植被恢复类型和生长状态下土壤物理、化学和生物学性状的特征。结果表明,随着人工植被的建立与生长,土壤肥力总体趋于好转,土壤理化性质得到显著改善,土壤质地变细,微生物数量增加,土壤酶活性增强;同时,使流动沙地向半固定、固定沙丘方向转化。但随着植被盖度和植被种类的不同,不同样地土壤肥力差异很大;多年生乔木林改良土壤肥力的潜力最高,耕作粗放的农地土壤肥力有所下降。     

基于文献分析的土地退化评价指标研究

中英文献综合统计,土地退化评价应用频次较高的指标有植被盖度、坡度、经济收入水平、有机质含量和土地利用类型等;土壤侵蚀应用频次较高的有植被因子、坡度、地貌类型、有机质含量和土地利用类型等;沙化有植被覆盖度、沙地占地率、土地利用类型、有机质含量、人口数量等。土地退化、土壤侵蚀和沙化遥感监测指标也集中在植被盖度、坡度、土地利用类型等指标。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.