不同蛋白源饲料对褐点石斑鱼幼鱼血细胞发生的影响

以全鱼粉作为唯一蛋白源(D1),用豆粕替代10%、20%鱼粉(D2、D3),玉米蛋白粉替代10%鱼粉(D4),啤酒酵母替代10%鱼粉(D5),配制5组等氮等能饲料,每种饲料设置3个实验组,进行56 d的养殖实验。通过血液和组织涂(印)片、细胞染色和显微观察,研究人工培育的褐点石斑鱼幼鱼外周血液白细胞的分类组成,头肾、脾脏、体肾和肝脏等4种组织中各类血细胞的发生情况,以及不同蛋白源饲料对褐点石斑鱼血细胞发生的影响。结果表明:褐点石斑鱼外周血液中的白细胞由淋巴细胞(53.30%±4.66%)、血栓细胞(35.69%±3.85%)、嗜中性粒细胞(10.34%±3.14%)、单核细胞(0.28%±0.36%)、浆细胞(0.24%±0.34%)和嗜酸性粒细胞(0.15%±0.27%)组成;组织印迹片中,未成熟的红细胞、淋巴细胞和粒细胞主要在头肾印迹片中出现,未成熟的单核细胞主要在头肾和脾脏印迹片中出现,血栓细胞在肝脏印迹片中数量最多,推断褐点石斑鱼幼鱼主要的造血组织是头肾,其次是脾脏;在4种组织中均观察到浆细胞,在体肾印迹片中观察到嗜碱性粒细胞,在肝脏印迹片中观察到巨噬细胞,在头肾印迹片中还观察到巨大原红细胞。显微观察和数据统计分析的结果都表明,投喂5种蛋白源不同的配合饲料,未对褐点石斑鱼4种组织中血细胞的发生情况造成显著影响。     

乌龟红血细胞发生研究

通过对乌龟骨髓、脾脏、肝脏等组织涂片的观察研究 ,发现骨髓是乌龟红细胞主要的造血器官 ;红血细胞的发育过程大致经过三个阶段 ,即原始阶段、幼稚阶段、成熟阶段。着重描述了各阶段红血细胞的形态特征 ,并对乌龟红血细胞的发育及命名等问题作了初步探讨     

乌龟红血细胞发生研究

通过对乌龟骨髓、脾脏、肝脏等组织涂片的观察研究，发现骨髓是乌龟红细胞主要的造血器官；红血细胞的发育过程大致经过三个阶段，即原始阶段，幼稚阶段、成熟阶段。着重描述了各阶段红血细胞的形态特征，并对乌龟红血细胞的发育及命名等问题作了初步探讨。     

多鳞鱚Sillago sihama Forskál外周血细胞的显微结构观察

对多鳞鱚(Sillago sihama Forskál)Wright染色的血涂片进行显微观察。结果表明多鳞鱚外周血细胞可区分为红细胞、血栓细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和单核细胞等6种细胞,未发现嗜碱性粒细胞。血栓细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和单核细胞在白细胞中所占比例分别为47.5%、32.5%、12.5%和7.5%,嗜酸性粒细胞在整个实验中只发现7个。并发现较多未成熟的红细胞以及少量正在分裂的红细胞和晚幼嗜中性粒细胞。     

注射黄芪多糖对吉富罗非鱼c型溶菌酶基因表达量的影响

将黄芪多糖(APS)用无菌生理盐水配制成2 mg/mL和20 mg/mL针剂,腹腔注射吉富罗非鱼,以注射无菌生理盐水为对照。24 h后分别提取吉富罗非鱼鳃、头肾、肝脏、脾脏等组织中的总RNA并反转录成cDNA,利用Real-time PCR方法对不同组织中基因表达进行定量分析。结果表明:吉富罗非鱼腹腔注射20 mg/mL高剂量APS后,其鳃、头肾、肝脏等三个组织中的Lysozyme-c基因表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);注射2 mg/mL低剂量APS后,Lysozyme-c基因表达量仅在脾脏中出现显著上调(P<0.05)。APS可通过诱导Lysozyme-c基因在鳃、头肾、肝脏和脾脏等组织在的表达量,来提高吉富罗非鱼的机体免疫力。     

红笛鲷IRAK-4基因cDNA全长的克隆及组织表达分析

白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶4(interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4,IRAK-4)是一种参与机体先天性免疫和适应性免疫反应过程中的关键分子。采用RT-PCR和c DNA末端快速扩增(RACE-PCR)的方法从红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus)头肾中克隆IRAK-4基因的c DNA全序列(登录号:KF279357)。该序列全长2 015 bp,包含5′非编码区(5′UTR)205 bp,3′非编码区(3′UTR)421 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)1 389 bp,编码462个氨基酸。根据推导的氨基酸序列预测其蛋白分子质量为52.0 ku,理论等电点为5.19。氨基酸序列比对结果显示,红笛鲷IRKA-4基因氨基酸序列与其他物种的同源性为54.2%~85.7%。系统进化分析结果显示,红笛鲷与斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)聚为一支,两者有较近的亲缘关系。用荧光定量PCR分析红笛鲷基因的组织表达差异,红笛鲷IRKA-4基因在各组织中均有不同程度的表达,其中在皮肤、肝脏和胃中表达量最高,其次是胸腺、鳃、心脏、肠、肌肉和脾脏,在头肾、后肾和脑的表达量最低。     

溶藻弧菌胞外产物注射赤点石斑鱼后的组织病理学观察

在注射溶藻弧菌胞外产物(ECP)48 h后,石斑鱼Epinephelus akaara出现死亡,临床症状表现为:运动迟缓,体色变深,腹部膨大,腹腔有明显的积水,肝脏出血有花斑,肾脏和脾脏肿大。病理组织切片观察发现:肝细胞坏死,解体,界限模糊,细胞核变形、裂解甚至消失;肝脏出血,肝索中有红细胞浸润,有的红细胞变形甚至破裂;肾小管上皮细胞脱落、坏死;肠粘膜上皮细胞脱落、坏死,微绒毛不整齐,模糊不清,脱落;脾窦和脾索不清晰,分界不清,且在脾窦和脾索中分布着大量的、形态不规则的红细胞。此外,还发现在肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肠壁肌层、心肌和鳃等组织中存在一种相同结构,该结构有平滑肌环绕,管腔内壁衬以扁平上皮细胞,管腔中含有一团染成紫红色的物质,经推断为小动脉透明样变性,而在正常的组织切片中,均无此结构。     

哈维氏弧菌GST核酸疫苗制备及其对斜带石斑鱼的免疫保护作用

通过同源引物从致病性哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)ZJ0603基因组中克隆GST的开放阅读框(ORF),构建真核表达质粒pcDNA-GST。大量抽提重组质粒后,于背鳍基部肌肉注射重组质粒免疫斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides),分析重组质粒的免疫效果。通过核酸水平检测重组质粒在鱼体肝、肌肉、头肾和脾脏组织的分布;用ELISA法检测鱼体血清的抗体水平,用Western-blot检测目的蛋白的表达情况。结果表明:该序列全长615 bp;免疫7 d后,鱼体中均有质粒分布;斜带石斑鱼血清中产生抗GST的高效抗体(1∶4 096);相应的目的蛋白也在鱼体中成功表达。攻毒后,疫苗免疫保护率达80%,表明GST可作为防治哈维氏弧菌病有效候选抗原。     

哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)染色体组型与DNA含量分析

采用体内注射PHA和秋水仙素、肾细胞短期培养、常规空气干燥法制备哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)的染色体。对其肾细胞染色体数目统计分析表明,哲罗鱼染色体组有84条染色体,核型公式为2n=18m+16sm+34st+16t,其染色体总臂数(NF)为118。采用流式细胞分析仪测定哲罗鱼的DNA含量,与鸡血细胞标准对照的比值为2.23±0.17,以鸡红细胞DNA含量2.30pg·N~(-1)计,则哲罗鱼的体细胞DNA含量为5.12pg·N~(-1)。哲罗鱼染色体数目和DNA含量体现为四倍体特征。     

斜带石斑鱼氨基酸转运载体B~0AT1基因的克隆和组织表达

为研究斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)氨基酸转运吸收机制,采用RACE-PCR技术克隆得斜带石斑鱼氨基酸转运载体B~0AT1(SLC6A19)基因的c DNA部分序列,分析该基因在斜带石斑鱼的组织分布。结果表明,所克隆的该部分序列长度为610 bp,包括88 bp的5′非翻译区(5′UTR)、编码174个氨基酸、长度522 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)。分子进化聚类和同源性分析显示,斜带石斑鱼与鲈鱼(Dicentrarchus labrax)同源性较高,为93%。SLC6A19基因在斜带石斑鱼8个组织中分布广泛,其组织表达量由高到低依次是肝脏、肌肉、脑、肾脏、前肠、中肠、后肠和心脏,肝脏和肌肉中SLC6A19 mRNA表达高于其余各组织(P0.05),心脏和后肠SLC6A19m RNA表达量低于其余各组织(P0.05)。     

Analysis of IL-2-1ike factor in lymphocyte culture supernatant of olive flounder, Paralichthys oliveaceus

To study immune mechanism of fish lymphocyte we performed a proliferation assay and ELISA using monoclonal antibody against human IL-2. The result showed that an interleukin-2 (IL-2)-like factor was detected in the supernatant of plant haemoglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocyte culture from peripheral blood, spleen and head kidney of olive flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus. The quantities of IL-2-like factor in the supernatant from different lymphoid tissues were quite different. The IL-2 like factor in the supernatant from cultured head kidney lymphocytes was much higher than those of peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleen lymphocytes (P<0.01). The IL-2 activity was found in either mouse thymocyte proliferation assay or flounder head kidney lymphocyte proliferation assay and shown to have obvious enhancing effect on proliferation of the above two types of cell. The recombinant human IL-2, (rhIL-2) was able to stimulate flounder thymocyte proliferation and used to detect the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) on the surface of flounder lymphocyte. The cross-reaction between the lymphocytes of flounder peripheral blood and CD25(IL-2R) was detected with flow cytometry and shown that the percentage of CD25-positive cell in peripheral blood was 7.74±0.67%. This work was supported by National “973” Project G1999012003, G19999012006.     

Localization and dynamic expression of a 27.8 kDa receptor protein for lymphocystis disease virus infection in sea bass (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lateolabrax japonicus</Emphasis>) tissues

Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) infects target cells by attaching to a 27.8 kDa receptor (27.8R) protein in flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, and anti-27.8R monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been developed. However, the 27.8R existence in tissues of sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) and its role in LCDV infection have remained unclear. In this study, the results of western blotting demonstrated that the same 27.8R was shared by flounder and sea bass. LCDV-free sea bass individuals were intramuscularly injected with LCDV, and viral copies were detected in tissues from 3 h post infection and showed a time-dependent increase during 9 days infection. Distribution and synthesis of 27.8R in sea bass tissues were investigated by using anti-27.8R MAbs as probes. It was found that 27.8R was distributed in all the tested tissues. The levels of 27.8R protein were highest in gill and skin, then a bit lowly in stomach, head kidney and heart, followed by spleen, intestine, blood cells, gonad and liver, and least in kidney and brain in healthy sea bass. Upon LCDV infection, 27.8R synthesis was up-regulated in each tissue, and higher in the tissues with higher LCDV copies. The 27.8R and LCDV were detected in some peripheral blood leukocytes but not in red blood cells. These results suggested that 27.8R was widely distributed in sea bass tissues, and it served as a receptor and correlated with tissue tropism of LCDV infection. Furthermore, leukocytes had the potential of being a LCDV carrier and were responsible for a systemic infection of LCDV in sea bass.     

脂多糖、苯酚、硫酸铜对红笛鲷非特异性细胞毒性细胞受体基因表达的影响

应用Real-time PCR技术,研究脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)、苯酚、硫酸铜刺激红笛鲷(Lutjanussanguineus)后非特异性细胞毒性细胞受体(NCCRP-1)基因在不同组织里的表达差异。结果发现,LPS刺激红笛鲷24 h后NCCRP-1在红笛鲷头肾、脾脏、胸腺、肝脏、心脏、脑、肌肉和肠组织中均有表达,其中头肾表达量最高,脾脏次之,然后依次是肝脏、脑、肌肉、胸腺和肠,心脏表达量最少。LPS、苯酚和CuSO4刺激红笛鲷后,随着刺激时间的增长,NCCRP-1表达量在各组织达到峰值的时间不同。以头肾为模式组织,RT-PCR的结果显示,红笛鲷NCCRP-1在LPS、苯酚和CuSO4的刺激下的表达模式相似,随着时间的增加NCCRP-1表达量逐渐增加,分别在24、9、12 h处达到最高,达到对照组的52、30、24倍左右,之后表达量开始下降。免疫组织化学表明,NCCRP-1只在头肾、脾脏和胸腺的特定细胞中表达。     

Localization and Dynamic Expression of a 27.8kDa Receptor Protein for Lymphocystis Disease Virus Infection in Sea Bass(Lateolabrax japonicus) Tissues

Lymphocystis disease virus(LCDV) infects target cells by attaching to a 27.8 k Da receptor(27.8R) protein in flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, and anti-27.8R monoclonal antibodies(MAbs) have been developed. However, the 27.8R existence in tissues of sea bass(Lateolabrax japonicus) and its role in LCDV infection have remained unclear. In this study, the results of western blotting demonstrated that the same 27.8R was shared by flounder and sea bass. LCDV-free sea bass individuals were intramuscularly injected with LCDV, and viral copies were detected in tissues from 3 h post infection and showed a time-dependent increase during 9 days infection. Distribution and synthesis of 27.8R in sea bass tissues were investigated by using anti-27.8R MAbs as probes. It was found that 27.8R was distributed in all the tested tissues. The levels of 27.8R protein were highest in gill and skin, then a bit lowly in stomach, head kidney and heart, followed by spleen, intestine, blood cells, gonad and liver, and least in kidney and brain in healthy sea bass. Upon LCDV infection, 27.8R synthesis was up-regulated in each tissue, and higher in the tissues with higher LCDV copies. The 27.8R and LCDV were detected in some peripheral blood leukocytes but not in red blood cells. These results suggested that 27.8R was widely distributed in sea bass tissues, and it served as a receptor and correlated with tissue tropism of LCDV infection. Furthermore, leukocytes had the potential of being a LCDV carrier and were responsible for a systemic infection of LCDV in sea bass.     

Ontogeny of the lymphoid organs of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

Histological study on the ontogeny of the lymphoid organs, kidney, thymus and spleen of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, from hatching to 40 d was carried out. The pronephric kidney duct appeared early in hatching although the primordial haemopoietic stem cells were observed within a week after hatching. The spleen was first seen after 8d of hatching. The thymus appeared after 15d, situated near the pronephric kidney. Small lymphoid cells appeared during the later phase of the post-larval stage in the sequence of thymus, kidney and spleen. During the 40d of observations, there were no distinct inner or outer zones in thymus and no red or white pulp in spleen. These results suggest that the nonspecific defense immune system plays a very important role in the early larval stage of Japanese flounder.     

花染色体组型分析及细胞核DNA含量的测定

采用PHA、秋水仙碱腹腔或背部肌肉注射,活体培养法,取花肾细胞制成悬浮液,用空气干燥法制片。经Giemsa染色,镜检细胞分裂相,统计结果为2n=50,核型公式为:2n=20m+12sm+10st+8t,NF=82。同时,取花肌肉和肝脏为材料,以鸡血细胞为DNA标准(2.30pg/2c),使用EPICS-XL型流式细胞仪测定了花细胞DNA含量,分别为2.219±0.055pg/2c和2.214±0.083pg/2c。     

军曹鱼不同组织5种同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直凝胶电泳法对军曹鱼的几种组织 (脑、心肌、肾、肌肉、性腺、肝、血液、胰、脾 )的 5种同工酶 (LDH、MDH、ME、POD和EST)进行了分析 ,结果表明 :5种同工酶在军曹鱼中都具有明显的组织特异性 ,这些特异性与其组织特定生理功能相关。与其他硬骨鱼类相比 ,军曹鱼的酶谱简单得多 ,这可能与其种属多样性相关。