新疆天宇铜镍矿区瞬变电磁特征研究

为总结新疆东天山地区与基性-超基性岩体有关的岩浆型硫化物铜镍矿床地球物理特征(电性),在天宇铜镍矿区开展了TEM方法试验研究,通过TEM试验数据,初步总结了地面瞬变电磁法TEM响应、时间常数、电阻率等参数在矿体、断裂、岩体等地质体的特征规律。试验结果表明,硫化物铜镍矿体的TEM响应曲线晚期衰减缓慢,双对数坐标下,斜率约为1.3~1.5,平均视时间常数约为0.5 ms,背景地层TEM曲线晚期衰减较快,斜率约为2.7,平均视时间常数约为0.23 ms。反演电阻率图中含矿岩体呈明显低阻反应,电阻率低于200Ω·m,背景地层呈高阻,反演电阻率值大于500Ω·m,断裂分布在高低阻过渡带上。瞬变电磁法在硫化物铜镍矿床应用效果良好,能够为该种类型矿床的勘查提供一定的参考。     

瞬变电磁法中两个问题的研究

针对瞬变电磁工作中出现的两个问题:用中心回线资料处理方法反演定源数据和地～井TEM探测中低阻屏蔽效应的影响,利用Maxwell软件进行了正演、反演计算分析。结果表明,用中心回线方法处理定源资料存在一定风险,尤其在地层为低阻,且测点远离中心点时误差更大。在地～井TEM测量中,当有低阻层存在时,通过加大发射磁矩测量磁场,有可能获取到低阻层以下目标体的有效信息,同时也表明了水平分量对低阻目标体的敏感性远大于垂直分量。     

太康隆起东段地热资源远景区调查评价与研究

应用大地电磁测深法(MT)对太康隆起东段深部地层结构及隐伏断裂进行探测研究,共布设了4条MT剖面,获得了97个测深点,并对所获得的MT数据的二维偏离度、构造走向等进行计算和分析,采用非线性共轭梯度(NLCG)二维反演方法对TE和TM模式的数据进行联合反演,得到了可靠的地下介质二维地电模型。研究结果表明,商丘凸起电性结构纵向上具有典型的分层特征,从上到下可分为三层,即低阻层-中高阻层-高阻层。根据该电性结构模型,结合研究区域重力、航磁、地震及区域地质资料,绘制了商丘凸起基岩地质图,同时根据深部基底隆起形成的高阻异常与区域地温场高值区具有较好的对应关系,据此圈定了2处地热异常远景区。     

水平层状介质电磁法数据时频联合反演

通过一维层状介质电磁法数据的时域和频域正演结果,对不同电阻率大小的电阻层进行了反演计算,说明了在这种情况下电磁法数据时频联合反演的合理性.正演计算了一维层状模型下水平电偶极频率域水平电场响应及利用G-S变换计算时间域垂直磁场导数响应;利用最光滑模型约束反演方法建立了时频联合反演迭代公式.通过理论模型反演试算表明,该反演效果较好.     

剥皮算法在瞬变电磁低阻异常分离中的应用

一维反演方法是瞬变电磁法数据解释最为成熟和常用的方法,相关研究成果较多.但是在实际应用中,对于同时存在规模相当的两层低阻层时,一维反演结果只能显示为综合的一层低阻层.为将同时存在的两规模相当的低阻层在瞬变电磁法一维反演结果中区分开,通过剥皮算法,在理论模型中建立一定的假设条件,近似地求得剥除上层低阻层的响应后的瞬变响应,对于实际条件中不满足假设条件的情况,提出了更加粗略的假设条件,并且对反演结果可能造成的影响进行了讨论.理论模型计算结果表明,瞬变电磁剥皮算法可以有效地反映出下方低阻层,实现了良好的异常分离效果.     

TEM探测深部煤层上覆多电性层的OCCAM反演

瞬变电磁法（TEM）以其对低阻体反映灵敏而被广泛用于煤矿水文地质勘探中,当煤层埋藏较深,上覆地层纵向上有多种电性层存在时,瞬变电磁法晚期经验公式计算结果已不能反映实际情况。通过深入研究OCCAM反演算法,认为选择使误差目标函数达到最小的正则化参数,在反演迭代步长过大时进行压缩迭代步长的控制方法,以及最光滑的模型约束,可以提高反演分辨率。在瞬变电磁数据处理中使用加入了上述参数、控制和约束的反演技术,经对理论模型数据进行反演,反演结果与模型的电性分布规律吻合,表明算法正确;在华北煤田深部采场的瞬变电磁法探测应用中,OCCAM反演分辨出了煤层上覆多种电性地层,效果较好。      

CSAMT法和TEM法在铜陵龙虎山地区隐伏矿勘探中的应用

CSAMT法是深部隐伏矿勘探工作的重要手段之一。将CSAMT法用于铜陵龙虎山地区隐伏矿勘察,在深入认识研究区的成矿规律和控矿因素的基础上,对该区的CSAMT数据进行了预处理和反演,对比TEM法反演结果,电性特征的统一性验证了CSAMT法反演结果的可靠性。联合CSAMT和TEM反演结果成功地分辨出侵入岩体和岩浆热液的运移通道,为该区寻找隐伏矿提供了有效的勘探手段。     

浅基岩埋深条件下多年冻土的瞬变电磁法探测研究

瞬变电磁法（TEM）在青藏高原、东北等地区的多年冻土调查中取得了较好的应用效果,但局限于松散沉积层较厚情形,在基岩埋深较浅条件下探测多年冻土基本处于空白。兰州马衔山多年冻土具有分布范围小、温度高、基岩埋深浅的特点,是应用TEM探测浅基岩埋藏条件下多年冻土分布的理想地区。以马衔山多年冻土为主要研究对象,以季节冻土为对照研究了瞬变电磁响应特征,结合区域构造特征、地层露头、钻孔岩心、地温监测数据等信息,论证并探讨了TEM应用于浅基岩埋深时对多年冻土的探测效果。结果表明：马衔山多年冻土分布受构造断裂形成的低阻带控制,下部为负温岩层,实际分布面积为0.11 km²;TEM应用于浅基岩埋深的多年冻土勘探时更多的对地下岩层做出响应,可结合地质、地貌、水文、植被等信息,利用多年冻土的特点和电阻率的变化情况来判断多年冻土的分布范围;当基岩埋深特别浅时可以与探地雷达、钻孔等其他手段联合反演,从而准确地识别多年冻土与下伏基岩。     

基于最小构造模型的地空瞬变电磁一维正反演技术研究

地空瞬变电磁法(Ground-airborne transient electromagnetic method)是一种新兴的物探方法,其探测范围大,工作效率高,在地形复杂的区域有着传统物探方法无法比拟的优势。这里通过对地空瞬变电磁的一维正演问题的研究,采用Hankel变换、Gauss积分和频-时转换实现了地空瞬变电磁时间域响应正演计算,通过解析解和数值解的对比验证了正演方法的准确性和稳定性,并研究了其响应特征。利用最小构造模型约束下的自适应正则化反演方法,进行了地空瞬变电磁法反演模拟研究,证实了该方法对低阻层的反映比较真实,对高阻层的反映略有误差的特点。最后用该方法对某滑坡实测数据进行了反演解释,反演结果与工区地质情况符合较好。     

TEM对于深部低阻层的分辨能力模拟分析

为正确认识瞬变电磁法对于深部低阻层的分辨能力,通过设计三层H型系列模型,分析不同参数条件下模型一维反演计算结果误差情况,初步总结了TEM(瞬变电磁法)方法对于低阻层的可靠分辨及不可分辨的条件。计算结果表明,在一维条件下,低阻层与围岩电阻率差异足够大,具有一定厚度的低阻层才能够被可靠分辨出来。厚度埋深比小于10%的低阻层不能可靠分辨出来,当低阻层厚度埋深比小于5%并且电阻率差异小于2倍的情况下,低阻层是不可分辨的;当低阻层埋深超过700m,厚度埋深比小于10%的低阻层也是不可分辨的。本次研究中给出了可靠分辨与不可分辨的临界参数条件,对于野外实测数据的反演结果的认识具有实际指导意义。     

考虑激发极化效应的瞬变电磁一维Occam反演

大地的感应激发极化效应有时会在瞬变电磁晚期响应上产生负值变号现象。常规实电阻率瞬变电磁反演由于没有考虑激发极化效应,对于观测数据负值部分的解释一直存在问题,这影响了反演解释的真实性和可信度。对此,本文首先将Cole-Cole复电阻率模型加入正演计算,并验证了计算的准确性。然后在阻尼最小二乘法的基础上加入Occam平滑约束来构建反演方程,能够同时反演出零频电阻率、充电率、时间常数以及频率相关系数,实现了一维瞬变电磁复电阻率反演算法。最后,建立具有不同程度激发极化效应的典型层状理论模型进行反演试算与结果分析,结果表明,在激发极化效果明显的低阻高极化地层中,复电阻率反演效果更好。与实电阻率反演结果的对比说明,瞬变电磁复电阻率反演既可以达到实电阻率的常规反演效果,也能解决实电阻率无法实现的负值拟合问题。     

瞬变电磁法的现状与发展趋势

瞬变电磁法在矿产资源等勘查领域已广泛应用,成为寻找铜多金属硫化物矿床的重要方法。这里综述了国内外瞬变电磁仪器的性能和主要技术指标,简要分析了部分仪器存在的缺陷,总体上国外TEM仪器的性能优于国内产品。国外解释软件的可视化和集成度相对较高,在实际资料反演和成像的解释方面,国内外基本处于同一水平。近期一维反演和二维电阻率成像仍是TEM资料解释的主要手段,复杂地电条件的三维反演技术在短期内达到实用化较难。     

Geoelectric resistivity sounding of riverside alluvial aquifer in an agricultural area at Buyeo,Geum River watershed,Korea: an application to groundwater contamination study

Twenty profiles of vertical electric soundings (VES) were obtained in a riverside alluvium at the Buyeo area, South Korea, to examine the variations of subsurface geology and associated groundwater chemistry. The combination of the VES data with the borehole data provided useful information on subsurface hydrogeologic conditions. The vestige of an ancient river channel (e.g. oxbow lake) was identified on the resistivity profiles by the lateral continuation of a near-surface perched aquifer parallel to the river. Such a perched aquifer is typically developed in the area with a clay-rich silty surface alluvium which prohibits the infiltration of oxygen. Therefore, groundwater below the oxbow lake shows a very low nitrate concentration and Eh values under the strong anoxic condition. The distribution of water resistivity is correlated with that of measured total dissolved solids concentration in groundwater, while the earth resistivity of the aquifer shows a significant spatial variation. It is interpreted that the earth resistivity of the aquifer is mainly controlled by the soil type rather than by the water chemistry in the study area.     

定回线源瞬变电磁三维异常特征反演

分析了实现定回线源瞬变电磁三维异常特征反演的可行性,简要地介绍了改进的广义逆反演方法基本原理,给出了定回线源瞬变电磁三维异常特征反演的流程。对正演模拟数据进行反演的实例表明,定回线源瞬变电磁三维异常特征反演已得到初步实现。     

Integrated geoelectrical survey for groundwater and shallow subsurface evaluation: case study at Siliyin spring, El-Fayoum, Egypt

Siliyin spring is one of the many natural fresh water springs in the Western Desert of Egypt. It is located at the central part of El-Fayoum Delta, which is a potential place for urban developments and touristic activities. Integrated geoelectrical survey was conducted to facilitate mapping the groundwater resources and the shallow subsurface structures in the area. Twenty-eight transient electromagnetic (TEM) soundings, three vertical electrical soundings (VES) and three electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles were carried out around the Siliyin spring location. The dense cultivation, the rugged topography and the existence of infra structure in the area hindered acquiring more data. The TEM data were inverted jointly with the VES and ERT, and constrained by available geological information. Based on the inversion results, a set of geoelectrical cross-sections have been constructed. The shallow sand to sandy clay layer that forms the shallow aquifer has been completely mapped underneath and around the spring area. Flowing of water from the Siliyin spring is interconnected with the lateral lithological changes from clay to sand soil. Exploration of the extension of Siliyin spring zone is recommended. The interpretation emphasizes the importance of integrating the geoelectrical survey with the available geological information to obtain useful, cheap and fast lithological and structural subsurface information.     

A novel and generalized approach in the inversion of geoelectrical resistivity data using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)

The non-linear apparent resistivity problem in the subsurface study of the earth takes into account the model parameters in terms of resistivity and thickness of individual subsurface layers using the trained synthetic data by means of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Here we used a single layer feed-forward neural network with fast back propagation learning algorithm. So on proper training of back propagation networks it tends to give the resistivity and thickness of the subsurface layer model of the field resistivity data with reference to the synthetic data trained in the appropriate network. During training, the weights and biases of the network are iteratively adjusted to make network performance function level more efficient. On adequate training, errors are minimized and the best result is obtained using the artificial neural networks. The network is trained with more number of VES data and this trained network is demonstrated by the field data. The accuracy of inversion depends upon the number of data trained. In this novel and specially designed algorithm, the interpretation of the vertical electrical sounding has been done successfully with the more accurate layer model.     

用剩余信息量最小准则实现直流电测深数据的二维自动反演

自Pelton等发表第一篇直接电测深数据的二维反演文章以来，电测深数据的二维反演解释已广泛应用于资源勘探和环境监测，并取得一定效果。然而，由于该方法中加入了人为确定的平滑约束，其反演解释结果具有很大不确定性，使其在实际生产中普及应用受到限制。因此，如何在现有方法的基础上进一步改进完善成为该方法普及应用的关键。为了使反演解释结果既忠于实测数据，又合理地反映地下介质的变化，作者在本文中讨论了基于最大熵谱原理的剩余信息量最小准则实现电测深数据的二维自动反演。作者在文中还介绍了正演计算和偏导数求取中，提高精度和计算效率的技巧。用三个数值模式算例对本文的自动反演方法进行了验证。数值模拟结果表明，基于剩余信息量电小准则的二维自动反演给出的解释结果基本不受人为因素影响，能反映地下介质电阻率的详细变化。     

Combining TEM/resistivity joint inversion and magnetic data for groundwater exploration: application to the northeastern part of Greater Cairo,Egypt

This paper presents the combination of two complementary methods, magnetic and joint inversion of resistivity/TEM data, as an effective approach to characterize groundwater reservoirs. Twenty stations of transient electromagnetic (TEM) and vertical electrical soundings (VES) were measured and interpreted using a joint inversion technique to evaluate the subsurface low resistivity zones connected to the groundwater reservoir. A complementary survey including 871 land magnetic stations was carried out at the same area to detect the upper surface of the basaltic sheet, which represents the bottom of the Miocene aquifer in the study area. The geological log from one borehole drilled in the zone was used to partially calibrate the calculated models. The results revealed that the study area consists of five different geological units with ages ranging from Paleogene (Oligocene) to Quaternary. The methodology provides good results at a very low cost when compared with drilling boreholes.     

剩余视纵向电导比定义——TEM新导出参数ΔSτrt及一维直接反演特性

视纵向电导是瞬变电磁法勘探理论的基本参数之一,在以中心回线装置应用为主的金属物探界很少应用。为改变此状况,创立了剩余视纵向电导比ΔSτrt定义及其具体计算方法。ΔSτrt是TEM方法中第一个相对参量,大量的模型计算和野外数据试算表明,其效果与视电阻率一维直接反演相当。此计算方法简单且是单解。本参量主要适用于中心回线和重叠回线的中、近带数据处理,略加修改亦适用于其他装置,乃至电偶源装置及磁参数的处理。