广东罗定龙塘碱性花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年及地质意义

龙塘碱性花岗岩位于广东云开大山地区,属罗定泗纶混合岩田区,其中的锆石均为具有老核新壳的变质复合型锆石。SHRIMP定年结果,新壳6个测点加权平均年龄为265±1.8Ma,反映该岩体的成岩年龄,相当于中二叠世,属于海西晚期。老核获得最大的U-Pb年龄为1098Ma,相当于中元古代;457Ma和414Ma可能是新壳和老核的混合年龄。根据锆石的成因类型,结合微观所见的岩石结构(反映沉积变质成因的粒状变晶结构和花岗变晶结构等),表明该碱性花岗岩的成因可能是砂泥质沉积物经变质而成。     

西藏南部打拉二云母花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

应用锆石SHRIMPⅡ定年技术，对西藏南部拉轨岗日岩带东段的打拉二云母花岗岩进行了测试，获得岩体形成年龄为24.7Ma（晚渐新世）。打拉岩体中具老核新壳的岩浆复合型锆石特别发育，其老核年龄范围为2796.8-3196Ma，反映打拉岩体所在部位的深部存在太古宙的古老基底。     

滇西鹤庆地区六合透辉石正长斑岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其意义

鹤庆县六合透辉石正长斑岩中的锆石有2种成因类型:一是岩浆锆石,二是具有老核新壳的岩浆复合锆石。用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年法,测定了岩浆锆石和岩浆复合锆石的新壳2部分,其年龄为37.8Ma±1.1Ma,属于喜马拉雅早期,相当于早渐新世。结合前人的资料,对斑岩的属性、源区及岩浆复合锆石的老核等问题进行了探讨。     

云南六合正长斑岩中花岗岩包体锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

滇西地区沿金沙江-哀牢山断裂带广泛发育新生代富碱斑岩,其中六合富碱斑岩中发现了与镁铁-超镁铁质深源包体紧密共生的花岗岩包体。本文对花岗岩包体中锆石进行了阴极发光图像、LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析和U-Pb定年研究。研究表明,该花岗岩包体中锆石可分为岩浆锆石、老核新壳的复合岩浆锆石和变质交代成因锆石;复合岩浆锆石的新壳206Pb/238U平均加权年龄为39.2±2Ma,代表花岗岩包体的成岩年龄,与寄主富碱斑岩的成岩年龄基本一致;复合岩浆锆石的老核206Pb/238U平均加权年龄为828.1±7.1Ma,代表基底岩石年龄。变质锆石的206Pb/238U平均加权年龄为108.4±4.4Ma,与角闪石化金云石榴透辉岩中角闪石Ar-Ar年龄102.87±1.19Ma基本吻合,代表地幔流体交代矿物的结晶年龄,表明地幔流体交代作用过程可能在白垩纪前后延续一个相当长的时期。结合岩相学研究,认为该花岗岩包体被捕获运移时处于熔融态;花岗质熔浆的形成很可能与地幔流体作用引发的地壳部分熔融与壳幔岩浆混合作用密切相关。     

藏北羌塘中部存在志留纪洋盆——来自桃形湖蛇绿岩中斜长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄证据

报道了羌塘西部桃形湖蛇绿岩中斜长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb定年结果和岩石地球化学资料及锆石Hf同位素成分。斜长花岗岩中的锆石具有典型的岩浆生长环带,结合其Th/U值(0.16~0.44),表明为典型的岩浆成因。锆石LA-ICP-MS和Cameca U-Pb定年结果分别为441Ma±2Ma和442Ma±3Ma,相当于早志留世,略年轻于伴生的堆晶辉长岩。锆石的εHf(t)值为+8.13~+11.23,平均值为+9.50,具有明显的幔源成因特征。全岩地球化学分析结果表明,斜长花岗岩是洋壳运移过程辉长岩部分熔融形成的。斜长花岗岩的年龄数据表明,羌塘中部地区存在志留纪洋盆。     

江苏东海县磨山片麻状碱性花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年研究

对东海县磨山片麻状碱性花岗岩中变质锆石和变质复合锆石进行SHRIMP UPb定年：①对变质锆石和变质复合锆石的新壳共测定8个点,其206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为212±3.6 Ma（MSWD=7.55）,反映了磨山片麻状碱性花岗岩的变质时间,即成岩时间,属于印支期,相当于晚三叠世;②变质复合锆石的老核（继承锆石）,多为发育有规则韵律环带的岩浆碎屑锆石,对其中3个颗粒进行了测定,UPb年龄分别为866 Ma、378 Ma和370 Ma,暗示其来源是异地多时代的。同时还表明其寄主岩的原岩应是沉积岩,其时代不会早于晚古生代。     

辽宁鞍山地区东山杂岩带3.3～3.1Ga期间的岩浆作用——锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年

报道了鞍山地区东山杂岩带奥长花岗岩和二长花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄。中粗粒奥长花岗岩中岩浆锆石的年龄为3329Ma±22Ma（MSWD=9.6）,存在年龄为3687~3784Ma的残余锆石。细粒奥长花岗岩和二长花岗岩中岩浆锆石的年龄分别为3141Ma±8Ma（MSWD=1.5）和3142Ma±5Ma（MSWD=0.35）。表明约3.3Ga和3.1Ga是鞍山地区2个重要的地壳演化阶段。     

云南大平糜棱岩化碱性花岗岩的锆石特征及其地质意义

在哀牢山一金沙江新生代钾质碱性岩浆岩带的南端,云南金平县大平糜棱岩化钠闪石霓石花岗岩中锆石,主要为“变质锆石”和具有老核新壳的“变质复合型锆石”,它们皆具不规则状和圆化的外形,并常高度的富集成堆和显示有一定层位。用ELA-ICP-MS和SHRIMP对锆石定年,结果表明,变质复合型锆石中老核年龄为247．9±6．4Ma,新壳和变质锆石年龄为145．7±3．4Ma。薄片观察发现,在岩体发生糜棱岩化之前还有一次区域变质作用,呈现在糜棱岩化弱的地段岩石发育柱粒变晶结构和花岗变晶结构,而且残留有清楚的层理,由此表明该花岗岩的成因与沉积变质有关。     

辽宁鞍山地区东山杂岩带3.3~3.1 Ga期间的岩浆作用——锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年

报道了鞍山地区东山杂岩带奥长花岗岩和二长花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄。中粗粒奥长花岗岩中岩浆锆石的年龄为3329 Ma ± 22 Ma (MSWD=9.6),存在年龄为3687~3784 Ma的残余锆石。细粒奥长花岗岩和二长花岗岩中岩浆锆石的年龄分别为3141 Ma ± 8 Ma (MSWD=1.5)和3142 Ma ± 5 Ma (MSWD=0.35)。研究表明,约~3.3 Ga和3.1 Ga是鞍山地区2个重要的地壳演化阶段。     

南苏鲁晚中生代花岗岩的形成年龄及源区

本文对苏鲁造山带西南端(南苏鲁)的中生代花岗岩采用激光探针等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)方法进行了年代学测定,李埝岩体为122±5Ma(6个测点的加权平均值),抗日山岩体的年龄为119±2Ma(5个测点的加权平均值),这些结果表明,南苏鲁地区的花岗岩主要形成于燕山期,相当于早白垩世。两个花岗岩体中还分别检测出新元古代的锆石,年龄范围为751~639Ma,表明有新元古代的岩石参与了中生代花岗岩的形成。花岗岩与围岩花岗质片麻岩地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素以及锆石特征的对比表明,经历超高压变质的花岗质片麻岩不是中生代花岗岩的主要源岩。花岗岩中存在暗色包体,结合该地区存在大量同时代的幔源岩浆活动,推测壳幔岩浆的混合可能是南苏鲁花岗岩形成的主要方式。     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义

在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。     

西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体岩石成因

以出露在西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体为研究对象,从野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、元素和Lu-Hf同位素地球化学等方面对其进行了分析研究。结果显示：秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体类似于A型花岗岩,形成于古近纪(E1),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(62.0±0.5)~(63.0±0.5) Ma;岩体形成的温度较高(锆石饱和温度为745~805 ℃,平均766 ℃);岩石富SiO2(72.6%~75.0%)、Na2O(2.86%~3.59%)和K2O(4.12%~5.25%),贫CaO(0.72%~1.39%)和MgO(0.26%~0.36%),高FeOT/MgO值(7.26~10.3),属高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质;岩石具明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.70),普遍表现出Ba、Sr、P、Ti元素的亏损和Rb、Th、K、Zr、Hf元素的富集。εHf(t)值为-4.7~-1.8,其两阶段地壳Hf模式年龄tDM2为(1.1~1.3) Ga。秦马弄A型花岗岩体是冈底斯基底地壳物质部分熔融的岩浆产物,形成于古近纪印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞引起的总体为岛弧背景下的局部拉张构造环境。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Geology, mineralogy, and PGE mineralization of the copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, Sredinny Range, Kamchatka

The geology and mineralogy of host metamorphic rocks, the mineralogy of sulfide ores, and the distribution of PGE mineralization were studied in detail for the Kvinum-1 and Kvinum-2 copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, which are the most promising targets for the copper-nickel-PGE mineralization of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka. It was established that stringer-disseminated and massive copper-nickel ores are localized in amphibole peridotites, cortlandites, and form ore bodies varying from tens of centimeters to 5–20 m thick among the layered cortlandite-gabbroid massifs. The massive sulfide ores were found only at the bottom of cortlandite bodies and upsection grade into stringer-disseminated and disseminated ores. Pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pentlandite are the major ore minerals with a sharply subordinate amount of pyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, and löllingite. Besides pentlandite, the Ni-bearing minerals include sulforasenides (gersdorffite), arsenides (nickeline), and tellurides (melonite) of nickel. It was found that PGE mineralization represented by antimonides (sudburyite) and tellurobismuthides (michenerite) of Pd with sharply subordinate platinum arsenide (sperrylite) is confined to the apical parts of massive sulfide zones and the transition zone to the stringer-disseminated ores. Ore intervals enriched in arsenides and tellurides of Ni, Pd, and Bi contain high-purity gold. In the central parts of the orebodies, the contents of PGE and native gold are insignificant. It is suggested that the contents of major sulfide minerals and the productivity of PGE mineralization in the cortlandites are defined by combined differentiation and sulfurization of ultramafic derivatives under the effect of fluids, which are accumulated at the crystallization front and cause layering of parental magmas with different sulfur contents. The fluid-assisted layering of mafic-ultramafic massifs resulted in the contrasting distribution of PGM in response to uneven distribution of sulfur (as well as As, Te, and Bi) during liquid immiscibility. The productivity of PGE mineralization significantly increases with increasing contents of S, As, Te, and Bi (elements to which Pt and, especially, Pd have high affinity) in fluids.     

Depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer, based on geophysical exploration, southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA

 A geophysical survey was conducted to determine the depth of the base of the water-table aquifer in the southern part of Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA. Audio-magnetotellurics (AMT) measurements at 77 sites in the study area yielded electrical-resistivity logs of the subsurface, and these were used to infer lithologic changes with depth. A 100–600 ohm-m geoelectric layer, designated the Jackson aquifer, was used to represent surficial saturated, unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age. The median depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is estimated to be 200 ft (61 m), based on 62 sites that had sufficient resistivity data. AMT-measured values were kriged to predict the depth to the base of the aquifer throughout the southern part of Jackson Hole. Contour maps of the kriging predictions indicate that the depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is shallow in the central part of the study area near the East and West Gros Ventre Buttes, deeper in the west near the Teton fault system, and shallow at the southern edge of Jackson Hole. Predicted, contoured depths range from 100 ft (30 m) in the south, near the confluences of Spring Creek and Flat Creek with the Snake River, to 700 ft (210 m) in the west, near the town of Wilson, Wyoming. Received, May 1997 · Revised, February 1998 · Accepted, April 1998