中国东南部与日本中-新生代构造-岩浆作用对比研究

重点讨论了中国东南部和日本中、新生代火成岩的时空分布及其构造环境,总结了两者的异同性。印支期和燕山早期（190-170Ma）中国东南部和日本具有不同的岩浆活动演化史。在165-150Ma期间,中国东南部广泛分布有过铝和弱过铝的S型花岗岩。而170-130Ma则为日本岩浆活动沉寂期。燕山晚期,中国东南部和日本都发生大规模的火山-侵入活动,同是库拉-太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲-碰撞及其后伸展-裂解的产物,日本开始时代晚（130Ma）,并一直持续到始新世（45Ma）。进入喜马拉雅期,在日本海打开之前（〉15Ma）,中国东南部和日本同处于大陆伸展构造环境,在日本海打开之后（〈15Ma）,中国东南部和日本进入完全不同的构造演化阶段。     

华北陆块东南缘徐淮地区侵入岩岩石组合及时空分布

徐淮地区是安徽北部重要的铁多金属矿成矿区,区内晋宁期和燕山期岩浆活动频繁,形成众多基性、中性和酸性岩体,其中早白垩世岩浆作用与成矿作用关系密切。分析该区侵入岩岩石组合和分布特点,晋宁—燕山期可以划分出3个阶段3个岩石组合：晋宁期辉绿岩-石英正长斑岩-闪斜煌斑岩系列,成岩年龄为距今890.0～913.0 Ma;燕山期早侏罗世石英二长闪长岩-花岗岩系列,成岩年龄为距今180.0～191.3 Ma;燕山期早白垩世闪长斑岩+闪长（玢）岩+石英闪长玢岩+二长花岗岩组合系列,成岩年龄为距今102.1～132.2 Ma。燕山期早白垩世形成的岩体最多,活动最为强烈,与该区矽卡岩型矿床的形成密切相关,形成于中国东部构造应力由挤压转变为伸展的转折期。     

南岭与中生代花岗岩类有关的成矿作用及其大地构造背景

受到来自印支半岛的挤压，华南发生了以碰撞-挤压-推覆-隆升为主的印支造山运动。本文从花岗岩类的成矿学特征及其大陆动力学背景出发，把燕山期划分为早、中、晚三期。南岭地区燕山早期（～185～170Ma）出现玄武质岩浆活动、双峰式岩浆活动、A型花岗岩及板内高钾钙碱性岩浆活动，反映了岩石圈的局部“伸展-裂解”和地幔物质的上涌，伴随Pb、Zn、Cu、Au成矿作用。燕山中期第一阶段（～170～150Ma）南岭地区岩石圈全面拉张-减薄，地幔上涌-玄武质岩浆底侵引发大规模的地壳熔融，形成大量陆壳重熔型花岗岩类；     

南岭与中生代花岗岩类有关的成矿作用及其大地构造背景

由于受到来自印支半岛的挤压,在华南内部发生了以碰撞-挤压-推覆-隆升为主的印支造山运动。南岭地区印支期花岗岩（240～205Ma）主要形成于碰撞及“后碰撞”（post-collision）的动力学环境,但没有造成大规模的金属成矿作用。南岭地区从燕山期进入后造山（post-orogeny）地球动力学环境。从花岗岩类的成矿学特征及其大陆动力学背景出发,尝试把燕山期划分为早、中,晚三期。南岭地区燕山早期（185～170Ma）出现了玄武质岩浆活动、双峰式岩浆活动、A型花岗岩及板内高钾钙碱性岩浆活动,反映了岩石圈的局部“伸展一裂解”和地幔物质的上涌,伴随Pb,Zn,Cu,Au成矿作用。燕山中期南岭地区岩石圈全面拉张一减薄,地幔上涌一玄武质岩浆底侵引发大规模的地壳熔融,导致大范围陆壳重熔型花岗岩的生成。该期的第一阶段（170～150Ma）以大规模花岗岩类侵位为主,第二阶段（150～140Ma）花岗岩类活动很少,却发生了W,Sn及其他稀有金属的大规模成矿作用。燕山晚期虽然是华南地区岩石圈全面发生裂解的时期,但由于受太平洋构造体系的影响,在南岭东端至东南沿海广大地区,燕山晚期（140～65Ma）出现了先挤压、后拉张的动力学背景,在100Ma前形成的钙碱性和橄榄安粗两个系列的岩浆活动,伴随Au,Ag,Pb—Zn,Cu,（Mo,Sn）等成矿作用。而在南岭地区,该时期花岗质火山-侵入杂岩及基性岩脉等广泛发育,有关的成矿作用以火山岩型U矿、斑岩型Sn矿,以及印支期花岗岩中的铀活化成矿作用为特征。     

江南造山带湖南段金矿成矿事件及其构造背景

江南造山带湖南段为一重要的金成矿带,目前关于带内金矿形成的时代背景存在较大争议。本文基于区域成岩成矿年代学、矿床(区)地质特征、矿床成因和流体来源、区域构造演化背景等多方面资料,对带内各主要金矿区的成矿时代逐一进行详细解析,以此为基础重新厘定了区域金矿成矿地质事件及其时代,并探讨了各成矿事件的构造背景,初步形成以下认识。江南造山带湖南段主要发生了加里东期、印支晚期和燕山期等3期金成矿事件。加里东期金矿成矿年代为430～410 Ma(志留纪后期),产于同期雪峰冲断带的中段-西南段和东段东部、湘中-湘东南构造岩浆带的东北部等3个地区,各区赋矿地层分别为板溪群、冷家溪群、冷家溪群,前两个地区的成矿与加里东运动变质变形和构造活化作用有关,后一个地区的成矿与志留纪后期花岗质岩浆活动提供热能和流体有关。印支晚期金矿成矿年代为227～202 Ma(晚三叠世),主要分布于同期雪峰冲断带东南缘构造岩浆隆起带,与后碰撞花岗质岩浆活动的热能和热液驱动有关。燕山期金矿成矿年代为152～130 Ma(晚侏罗世—早白垩世初),主要分布于同期雪峰冲断带东南部构造岩浆隆起带的东部,与伸展环境下的花岗质岩浆活动有关。     

华北燕山带:构造、埃达克质岩浆活动与地壳演化(英文)

埃达克质火成岩在中国东部,包括燕山带是很常见的,一般认为它们是下地壳不均匀的镁铁质岩石及/或富集的上地幔岩石在高压(≥1.5 GPa)下部分熔融的结果。在燕山带内埃达克岩浆的形成有一个很长的时间(约190～80 Ma),然而岩浆活动的峰期却与约170～130 Ma间有基底岩石卷入的陆壳收缩期相一致。尽管埃达克质岩浆活动的历史很长,但那种把岩浆活动与岩石圈的拆沉效应相联系的模式似乎是不适当的。在该带内,埃达克质与非埃达克质岩浆活动有一部分是同时的,而且在地理分布上也是相间的,这说明了在下地壳和上地幔岩石的部分熔融中成分是相当不均匀的。侏罗纪及白垩纪熔融作用的热源应当是与古太平洋板块俯冲相关的中生代板底垫托的玄武岩浆。除了局部例外,在燕山带,埃达克质岩浆活动的终结和碱性岩浆活动的开始约在130～120 Ma,在此时期收缩作用使东亚大达200万km~2以上的地区发生了NW—SE向的区域性伸展作用。强烈的地壳伸展仅局限于华北克拉通北缘分布的少数几个变质核杂岩中。陆壳的伸展减薄合理地解释了130～120 Ma间发生高压埃达克质熔融条件的终结,尽管还有局部年轻的埃达克火山活动(约120～80Ma)可以在伸展规模有限而厚的地壳依然存在的地区继续出现。燕山区早白垩世的碱性侵入体中的锆石不存在前寒武纪?     

华北克拉通东南部蚌埠隆起晚中生代花岗岩类岩体内变形记录与构造意义

华北克拉通东南部蚌埠隆起上出露了一系列晚中生代花岗岩类岩体,记录了丰富的变形过程。本次与前人锆石定年结果表明,该区经历过两期岩浆活动,分别是中—晚侏罗世(167～148 Ma)和早白垩世(130～112Ma)。区内晚侏罗世蚂蚁山岩体记录了切过该岩体的一条北北东向左行韧性变形带,是北北西—南南东向挤压的产物。该走滑变形带在走滑隆升中又被脆性平移断层所叠加。走滑活动时间可以限定在148～130 Ma之间。研究区在130～112 Ma期间转变为强烈的伸展活动,区域拉张方向为北西西—南东东向,并伴随着岩浆活动与区域隆升。在此伸展过程中,中—晚侏罗世荆山—涂山岩体与早白垩世淮光岩体记录了深部韧性伸展拆离变形带抬升至浅部被脆性正断层所叠加的变形过程,而其它岩体内均记录了地壳浅部的脆性正断层活动。这些岩体的变形记录,指示华北克拉通东部晚中生代由挤压向伸展构造体制转变发生在148～130 Ma期间,提供了在早白垩世克拉通峰期破坏中目前非盆地区构造过程的实例。     

山东胶东矿集区燕山期构造热事件与金矿成矿耦合探讨

中生代胶东地区有2次重要的碰撞造山事件,印支造山作用主要表现为扬子板块向华北板块俯冲,形成苏鲁高压—超高压变质带,同造山花岗岩及后造山高碱正长岩;燕山造山作用的大陆动力学环境起源于中亚-特提斯构造域向滨太平洋构造域转化和太平洋板块的俯冲,在胶东地区表现为3次造山和2次伸展.本文基于汇集的71个SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素年龄,并参考前人已有划分方案,提出胶东地区燕山期花岗岩年代格架:160～150Ma玲珑-昆嵛山花岗岩侵位,130～126Ma郭家岭花岗闪长岩形成,120～110Ma伟德山花岗闪长岩-花岗岩侵位,110～100Ma崂山A型晶洞过碱性碱长花岗岩侵位,代表燕山运动的结束;区内3期金矿成矿事件(150Ma、120～110Ma和100Ma～90Ma)则与玲珑、郭家岭和伟德山岩体的构造-岩浆热事件相耦合.胶东地区构造-岩浆事件和金矿成矿作用受控于特提斯、古亚洲洋和太平洋3大构造域的相互作用,金矿形成的动力学背景是中生代构造体制转折和岩石圈减薄,起因与太平洋板块向华北板块的俯冲机制有关.     

吉林省晚印支期—燕山期成矿事件年谱的拟建及特征

吉林省铁、镍、钒、钛、钨、钼、金、银、铜、铅、锌、锑等内生金属矿产主要是晚印支—燕山期成矿事件的产物,已有测年数据拟建的成矿事件年谱所显示的结构特征表明：①、可划分出230～180 Ma、180～130 Ma、130～100 Ma三个时段和六个亚时区;②、180 Ma±、130 Ma±、100 Ma±的三大成矿峰期,均处于早期盆地闭合,新期盆地打开的转换期;③、三大成矿峰期由老而新主矿种由钼—金（银）—铜的演化。上述特征受该地质时期区域构造-岩浆作用和岩石圈的演化所制约。     

华南早中生代大地构造过程

华南地区早中生代经历了强烈的构造变形和岩浆活动,构造动力体制发生了重大的转换.这个时期大地构造过程及其发生的构造动力学背景一直是地学界争议的焦点同题之一.本文在系统总结前人工作成果的基础上,论述了华南早中生代构造变形样式和岩浆活动序列,区分了印支构造事件和早燕山构造事件及其产生的地质效应.研究结果表明,印支构造事件发生于中、晚三叠世(245～225 Ma),构造运动产生的变形形迹主要表现为近东西向褶皱和冲断-推覆构造以及NE-NNE向左旋走滑韧性剪切,其动力与华南-华北板块沿秦岭-大别造山带的陆-陆碰撞和华南地块南缘古特提斯洋的俯冲增生作用有关.这次挤压构造事件导致华南东部加里东褶皱基底强烈复活,地壳重熔型花岗岩沿十万大山-云开大山-武夷山构造带和雪峰山地区分布.早侏罗世早期(205～190 Ma)在华南存在一个岩浆活动沉寂期,早侏罗世晚期(190～180 Ma)沿南岭构造带发育具有伸展特征的A型花岗岩和双峰式火山岩.起始于中侏罗世晚期(～170 Ma)的早燕山构造事件,在华南形成了宽1300 km、NE-NNE向褶皱逆冲构造系统,地壳增厚作用和壳幔相互作用导致了软弱的华夏加里东褶皱基底的再次强烈复活,诱发了强烈的岩浆活动,东南沿海地区火山弧相继出现.这期构造事件记录了东部大洋板块向华南大陆之下低角度俯冲作用过程,并主导了华南晚中生代一系列陆内构造和岩浆活动.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an