基于灰色关联度与层次分析法耦合的地质灾害易发性评价——以浙江省云和县崇头镇为例

面向高精度地质灾害易发性评价研究中,历史灾害样本数据少而造成的预测准确度低等问题,本文提出基于灰色关联度与层次分析法耦合的地质灾害易发性评价模型。本文以浙江省丽水市云和县崇头镇为工程背景,结合该地区致灾机理,利用现场调查和遥感解释等手段,获取9项地质灾害评价因子。分析了9项评价因子与历史灾害点的关联度,分别以关联度数值、关联度数值指数标度和关联度排名构建了层次分析法的3种判别矩阵,建立了3种类型的灰色关联度与层次分析法耦合评价模型(G-A1、G-A2和G-A3),以及单独灰色关联度评价模型(G),最后对评价结果进行了可靠性分析。结果表明：(1)在易发性综合指数分布方面,耦合模型G-A1和单独模型G较为合理;(2)在预测准确度方面,耦合模型G-A1的ROC曲线AUC指标最大;(3)在易发性分区合理性方面,耦合模型G-A1的高易发区域面积所占比例最小、高易发性强度指数最大,工程适用性强。最终,推荐耦合模型G-A1作为丽水市云和县崇头镇地质灾害易发性评价模型。本文研究成果对浙西南地区地质灾害易发性评价具有重要参考价值,为高精度地质灾害评价和防控工作提供有效的耦合评价模型。     

基于改进的ArcGIS对石台县地质灾害易发性评价探讨

石台县地质灾害易发性评价通过地质灾害综合调查,考虑区内地灾发育现状、孕灾背景条件,选用坡度、地形起伏度、工程地质岩组、与断层缓冲距离、斜坡结构5个因素作为评价因子,建立石台县地质灾害易发性评价指标体系。基于ArcGIS将计算分析得到5个因子图层的信息量,再用层次分析法来校正、完善信息量模型,结合层次分析法得到各因子权重,进行叠加得到每个单元格的总信息量值,即为地质灾害易发指数。经过层次分析法校正与单一信息量法结果上的差异,可知前者更符合实际,易发性评价结果更加准确合理。     

基于GIS的白龙江流域甘肃段地质灾害易发性评价

在白龙江流域甘肃段主要城镇地质灾害详细调查的基础上,通过统计分析确定了影响区域地质灾害易发性的评价因子,利用层次分析法对各评价因子的权重进行了计算。采用地理信息系统进行空间分析,按照自然间距分类方法将地质灾害易发性结果栅格图分为高易发区、中易发区、低易发区、极低易发区4类,并绘制了区域地质灾害易发性分区图。该问题的研究对于地质灾害的防灾减灾具有一定的指导意义。     

基于AHP-CF模型的地质灾害易发性评价——以泰顺县仕阳镇为例

东南沿海地区常年受台风暴雨袭扰,地质灾害频发。以泰顺县仕阳镇为研究区,综合考虑台风暴雨型地质灾害成灾机理,从地形条件、地质条件、人类工程活动3个方面,选取坡度、坡向、坡形、地形起伏度、断层、工程地质岩组、松散层厚度、土地开发强度和公路切坡9个影响因子,基于ArcGIS斜坡单元数据模型,耦合确定性系数(CF)与层次分析模型(AHP)对乡镇尺度的小面域进行地质灾害易发性评价。根据耦合模型的评价结果,将仕阳镇地质灾害易发性等级分为极高易发区、高易发区、中易发区和低易发区4个级别,并利用地质灾害点在各易发等级下的分布和成功率曲线对耦合模型的评价精度进行检验。经检验,认为耦合模型的评价分区结果合理,评价精度为84.6%。     

基于加权信息量的镇江高新区滑坡地质灾害易发性评价

合理选取地质灾害影响因子并对因子进行优化分级是准确评价地质灾害易发性的关键。结合研究区实际情况,选取7个指标因子构建滑坡影响因子指标体系,并以各因子条件下滑坡灾害比例和信息量曲线的突变点为依据,对连续型评价指标因子进行优化分级。在此基础上,基于ArcGIS平台,运用层次分析法加权的信息量模型对镇江高新区滑坡灾害的易发性进行评价。根据易发区划分指标将研究区划分为高、中、低滑坡地质灾害易发区,划分结果与已有滑坡灾害分布有较好的对应关系,评价结果具有较高的准确性。该评价方法可为低山丘陵地区滑坡地质灾害的评价与防治规划提供参考。     

层次分析法和GIS空间分析法在兰州市区地质灾害易发性评价中的应用

在研究分析兰州市区地质环境背景、地质灾害类型及其发育特点基础上,选择14项指标为影响地质灾害发育程度的主要因素,其中地质灾害发育因子3项,影响和控制地质灾害的地质环境基础因子8项,地质灾害诱发因子3项,采用层次分析法建立了地质灾害易发性评价体系。利用ArcGIS平台,采用野外调查资料、基础地质资料、遥感数据等对各项指标进行量化。在指标分析和数据归一化的基础上,运用ArcGIS系统的栅格运算功能,将兰州市区各评价因子按照层次分析法所确定的权重进行信息叠加计算,得到兰州市区地质灾害易发性定量计算成果栅格图件。经综合研究分析,划定地质灾害易发区。     

关于地质灾害孕灾因子权重确定的探讨

地质灾害易发区划模型中,不同地区孕灾因子权重不同。因子权重的确定、求解权重的准确性将直接关系到区划结果的可靠度。本文根据地质灾害点在不同孕灾因子分区中的分布频率,推出不同孕灾因子对地质灾害发育的贡献率的相对大小。不同因子对地质灾害发育的贡献率实际上就是各因子在地质灾害易发模型中的权重,因此通过以上分析可得出不同孕灾因子的相对权重,再利用层次分析法(AHP法)得出孕灾因子的权重。通过统计分析得出各因子相对权重的方法弥补了层次分析法确定权重的人为随意性,提高了区划的准确度。     

基于综合指数法的珠海某地环境地质灾害易发性研究

珠海市地质环境条件较脆弱,人类工程活动频繁,斜坡类地质灾害和软土地面沉降地质灾害频发且分布较广泛。通过对研究区内地质灾害发育情况以及影响因素分析,选取评价因子,通过网格剖分划分评价单元,利用层次分析法确定各因子权重,采用综合指数法和Mapgis空间分析功能,分别得出斜坡类地质灾害和软土地面沉降地质灾害的易发性分区图,为开展地质灾害防治提供了依据。     

基于层次分析法的绵阳市地质灾害易发性评价

文章阐述了层次分析法应用于地质灾害易发性评价过程及步骤,并运用该方法(AHP)建立地质灾害易发性综合评价的层次分析结构模型及判断矩阵,从而确定了影响地质灾害易发程度因子的权重,建立了地质灾害易发性单灾种评价及区域地质灾害易发性综合评价的数学模型。绵阳市地质灾害易发性评价应用证明,该方法比较合理、有效,具有较高的预测精度,评价结果与实际地质灾害发育区的拟合率大于90%。     

辽宁省凌源市山地地质灾害易发性评价研究

凌源市是辽西地区山地地质灾害危害较为严重的区域。作者在GIS技术支持下, 选取地形、岩性、构造、降雨、道路、土地利用6个因素作为评价指标, 根据历史上已发生的68个山地地质灾害点计算了各指标因子的敏感性, 采用层次分析法确定了各指标的权重, 利用因子叠置法对凌源市山地灾害易发性进行了综合评价。结果表明凌源地区的山地灾害易发程度具有明显的地带性, 高易发区与区域性大断裂及人类活动密切相关。该研究对凌源地区地质灾害防治具有一定的指导意义。     

基于确定性系数的降雨型滑坡影响因子敏感性分析

本文选择东南沿海地区具有典型降雨型滑坡的淳安县作为研究区,在完成全县地质灾害详细调查的基础上,选取高程、坡度、坡向、曲率、工程地质岩组、距断层距离、距道路距离、土地利用和植被等9个滑坡影响因子,利用GIS技术与确定性系数分析方法,对这9个影响因子开展敏感性分析。研究结果表明:(1) 寒武、震旦、石炭和白垩系是滑坡易发地层,侵入岩组、紫红色砂岩、碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩为主的岩组是滑坡高敏感性岩组;滑坡受断层影响总体上随着距离断层由近及远逐渐降低;(2) 坡度范围10°~35°是滑坡的易发坡度,30°~35°滑坡数量达到峰值;SE和S等朝南坡向是滑坡最易发坡向;高程范围为100~200m是滑坡最易发区间;凹坡最易发生滑坡,而凸坡则滑坡敏感性最差;非林地、茶叶、竹林和经济林等是滑坡高敏感植被类型;(3) 住宅用地、耕地、园地等与人类活动密切相关的用地类型是滑坡易发地类;距道路距离因子对滑坡敏感性低,相关性不明显。上述各滑坡影响因子最利于滑坡发生的数值区间确定,将为研究区进一步开展降雨型滑坡区域易发性评价及预测奠定基础。     

香丽高速公路边坡地质灾害发育特征与易发性区划

针对香丽高速公路边坡地质灾害,在详细的道路工程勘察设计文件的基础上,结合现场踏勘调查,系统地研究了其边坡地质灾害的主要类型、发育特征和分布规律;提出高速公路等线性工程边坡灾害的基本地质条件、自然诱发因素、人类工程活动和灾害历史记录等完整信息评价指标。采用层次分析法、专家评分法与因素累积法相结合的研究方法,建立了线性工程边坡地质灾害易发性评价模型,并基于GIS平台完成了香丽高速公路边坡地质灾害的易发性区划。为指导香丽高速公路地质灾害的危险性评价及科学防治提供了重要依据,对类似山区道路等线性工程边坡地质灾害危险性评价研究与实践具有一定的示范作用和参考价值。     

基于证据权法的昆明五华区地质灾害易发性评价

地质灾害易发性评价是国土空间规划和区域地质灾害防灾减灾的重要依据。为探索适合云南高原低山丘陵区地质灾害易发性评价方法,论文选择云南省昆明市五华区为典型研究区,选择工程地质岩组、距断裂构造线距离、高程、坡度、坡向、坡面曲率、距公路线距离和土地利用类型等8个因素,应用基于贝叶斯理论的证据权法进行地质灾害易发性评价,通过对各...     

Pathways for adaptive and integrated disaster resilience

The GIS-multicriteria decision analysis (GIS-MCDA) technique is increasingly used for landslide hazard mapping and zonation. It enables the integration of different data layers with different levels of uncertainty. In this study, three different GIS-MCDA methods were applied to landslide susceptibility mapping for the Urmia lake basin in northwest Iran. Nine landslide causal factors were used, whereby parameters were extracted from an associated spatial database. These factors were evaluated, and then, the respective factor weight and class weight were assigned to each of the associated factors. The landslide susceptibility maps were produced based on weighted overly techniques including analytic hierarchy process (AHP), weighted linear combination (WLC) and ordered weighted average (OWA). An existing inventory of known landslides within the case study area was compared with the resulting susceptibility maps. Respectively, Dempster-Shafer Theory was used to carry out uncertainty analysis of GIS-MCDA results. Result of research indicated the AHP performed best in the landslide susceptibility mapping closely followed by the OWA method while the WLC method delivered significantly poorer results. The resulting figures are generally very high for this area, but it could be proved that the choice of method significantly influences the results.     

Monte Carlo simulation-aided analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for flood susceptibility mapping in Gabes Basin (southeastern Tunisia)

Flash floods are among the most severe hazards which have disastrous environmental, human, and economic impacts. This study is interested in the characterization of flood hazard in Gabes Catchment (southeastern Tunisia), considered as an important step for flood management in the region. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information system are applied to delineate and characterize flood areas. A spatial database was developed based on geological map, digital elevation model, land use, and rainfall data in order to evaluate the different factors susceptible to affect flood analysis. However, the uncertainties that are associated with AHP techniques may significantly impact the results. Flood susceptibility is analyzed as a function of weights using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and Global sensitivity analysis. AHP and MC–AHP models gave similar results. However, compared to AHP approach, MC–AHP confidence intervals (95%) of the overall scores had small overlaps. Results obtained were validated by remote sensing data for the zones that showed very high flood hazard during the extreme rainfall event of June 2014 that hit the study basin.     

基于斜坡单元下的AHP-信息量法在地质灾害易发性评价中的应用

基于ArcGIS的地质灾害风险评价方法多种多样,但在致灾因素多样与复杂的沟谷地区,传统的易发性评价模型的评价精度难以满足实际需求. 基于斜坡单元法的地质灾害易发程度分析可以充分体现控制因素和诱发因素的综合作用,而基于层次分析法(AHP)的信息量法既可以把灾害诱发因素按支配关系形成有序的分组和分层,又可以使统计分析评价与定量模型相结合,从而对斜坡体的评价更为有效,适用性更强. 因此,本研究将基于斜坡单元的易发性评价方法与基于层次分析法的信息量法相结合,并加入斜坡类型评价因子,以陕西省略阳县灾害易发性评价区划为例,通过空间叠加分析得出易发评价区划并检验评价精度. 研究结果符合实际情况,可为该地区地质灾害精细化评价和防灾减灾提供依据.     

Landslide susceptibility mapping using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in Tehri reservoir rim region,Uttarakhand

A comprehensive use of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method in landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) has been presented for rim region of Tehri reservoir. Using remote sensing data, various landslide causative factors responsible for inducing instability in the area were derived. Ancillary data such as geological map, soil map, and topographic map were also considered along with remote sensing data. Exhaustive field checks were performed to define the credibility of the random landslide conditioning factors considered in this study. Apart from universally acceptable inherent causative factors used in the susceptibility mapping, others such as impact of reservoir impoundment on terrain, topographic wetness index and stream power index were found to be important causative factors in rim region of the Tehri reservoir. The AHP method was used to acquire weights of factors and their classes respectively. Weights achieved from AHP method matched with the existing field conditions. Acceptable consistency ratio (CR) value was achieved for each AHP matrix. Weights of each factor were integrated with weighted sum technique and a landslide susceptibility index map was generated. Jenk’s natural break classifier was used to classify LSI map into very low, low, moderate, high and very high landslide susceptible classes. Validation of the susceptibility map was performed using cumulative percentage/success rate curve technique. Area under curve value of the success rate curve was converted to percentage validation accuracy and a reasonable 78.7% validation accuracy was achieved.     

Comparison of the implementation of rock engineering system and analytic hierarchy process methods,upon landslide susceptibility mapping,using GIS: a case study from the Eastern Achaia County of Peloponnesus,Greece

As landslides are very common in Greece, causing serious problems to the social and economic welfare of many communities, the implementation of a proper hazard analysis system will help the creation of a reliable susceptibility map. Τhis will help local communities to define a safe land use and urban development. The purpose of this study is to compare the implementation of two semi-quantitative landslide assessment approaches, using landslide susceptibility maps compiled in a GIS environment. The compared methods are rock engineering system (RES) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). For the landslide susceptibility analysis, the Northeastern part of the Achaia County was examined. This area suffers from many landslides, because of its neighborhood with the tectonically active Corinthian Gulf and its geological setting (Neogene sediments, flysch and other bedrock formations, with local overthrusts). Ten parameters were used in both methodologies, and each one was separated into five categories ranging from 0 to 4, representing their specific conditions derived from the investigation of the landslides in the western part of the study area (ranking area). A layer map was generated for each parameter, using GIS, while the weighting coefficients of each methodology were used for the compilation of RES and AHP final maps of the eastern part of the study area (validating area). By examining these two maps, it is revealed that even though both correctly show the landslide status of the second site, the RES map reveals a better behavior in the spatial distribution of the various landslide susceptibility zones.     

基于CF与CF-LR模型的地质灾害易发性评价

区域地质灾害易发性评价对地质灾害防治具有重要意义。本文以贵州省沿河县为研究区,考虑海拔、坡度、坡向、地形曲率、NDVI、工程地质岩组、断层、道路、水系9个因素,通过相关性分析后作为评价因子。分别利用CF模型和CF-LR模型评价沿河县地质灾害易发性。结果表明:CF模型比CF-LR模型地质灾害易发性等级的频率比值从低易发区到极高易发区明显增大,均有效评价了沿河县地质灾害易发性;CF-LR模型比CF模型AUC值提高了0.096,CF-LR模型具有更高的评价精度。     

基于GIS技术和信息量法的地质灾害易发性研究——以海南省昌江县为例

海南省昌江县地质灾害的发育受地质环境条件控制和多种外在因素影响.依据昌江县地质灾害详细调查资料,选择各类地质灾害发育的控制条件和诱发因素作为评价指标,通过建立地质灾害影响因子体系,构建信息量分析模型.通过对各项因子进行量化并使其归一化,运用层次分析法确定评价因子权重系数,利用ArcGIS的空间叠加分析功能,实现对昌江县...